scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization of the Female Upper Genital Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Peric ◽  
Jürgen Weiss ◽  
Nicolas Vulliemoz ◽  
David Baud ◽  
Milos Stojanov
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Female Genital

Bacteria colonize most of the human body, and the female genital tract is not an exception. While the existence of a vaginal microbiota has been well established, the upper genital tract has been considered a sterile environment, with a general assumption that bacterial presence is associated with adverse clinical manifestation. However, recent metagenomic studies identified specific patterns of microbiota colonizing the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and placenta. These results need confirmation and further investigations since the data are only scarce. Bacterial colonization of these sites appears different from the vaginal one, despite evidence that vaginal bacteria could ascend to the upper genital tract through the cervix. Are these bacteria only commensal or do they play a role in the physiology of the female upper genital tract? Which are the genera that may have a negative and a positive impact on the female reproductive function? The aim of this review is to critically present all available data on upper genital tract microbiota and discuss its role in human reproduction, ranging from the technical aspects of these types of analyses to the description of specific bacterial genera. Although still very limited, research focusing on genital colonization of bacteria other than the vaginal milieu might bring novel insights into physiopathology of human reproduction.

scholarly journals Spectrum of histopathological lesions in the fallopian tubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gon ◽  
A Basu ◽  
B Majumdar ◽  
TK Das ◽  
M Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Secondary Malignancies ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Fallopian tubes are common surgical specimen in the pathology laboratory; still there is a lack of data to describe the frequency of various histological fi ndings. The aim and objectives of this study was to describe the various histopathological fi ndings of fallopian tubes. Materials and Methods: Two thousand fi ve hundred and seventy fi ve cases where fallopian tubes were removed either separately or along with other female genital tract organs were studied retrospectively and their histopathological fi ndings documented. Results: Ectopic pregnancy comprised maximum number of cases closely followed by salpingitis. Primary neoplastic lesions were rare as compared to secondary malignancies. Serial sections of fallopian tube and sections from representative areas are essential for a pathologist so that the diagnosis of these pathological entities is not missed. Conclusion: Though the fallopian tubes remain unremarkable in majority of the surgical pathological specimens, it must be subjected for histopathological examination to demonstrate the pathological lesions. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 356-360 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7858

scholarly journals An Over-View of Tuberculosis of Female Genital Tract With Reference To Experience in a Medical College in Rural Set-Up in West Bengal: A Retrospective Two Year Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
J Datta ◽  
TK Ghosh ◽  
S Ghosh ◽  
D Guha
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Benign Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Female Genital

Aim: To determine frequency of female genital tract (FGT) tuberculosis (TB) in the gynecological biopsies received in the Department of pathology of a peripheral medical college. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Burdwan Medical College & Hospital. Histopathological records of two year (2008-2010) were retrieved and searched for the cases of female genital tract TB. Relevant histopathological findings and clinical data were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 1537 cases of gynecological biopsy and 9 cases were diagnosed as FGT tuberculosis based on histopathological and clinical findings. Ovarian benign cystic teratoma was seen in one case along with ipsilateral tuberculous salpingitis, one case showed B/L ovarian tuberculosis with involvement of both the tubes. Bilateral fallopian tubes were involved in 2 cases and endometrial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 5 cases with 1 case showing simultaneous involvement of the cervix. In one case omental biopsy received along with tubal specimen showed tuberculous granulomas. Conclusion: FGT tuberculosis was usually seen in  age 16-28 years and constituted 0.59% of total gynecological cases. Fallopian tubes, ovaries and endometrium and cervix were affected with the involvement of peritoneum or omentum, commonest being tuberculous endometritis. Histopathology, in association with clinical findings still remains gold standard for the diagnosis of FGT tuberculosis in our country despite advancement in diagnostic modalities; however, incidental histological detection in clinically unanticipated cases is not an uncommon event. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11719 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12  

scholarly journals Immune Pathogenesis of Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Female Genital Tract

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Witkin
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Female Genital

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections of the female genital tract, although frequently asymptomatic, are a major cause of fallopian-tube occlusion and infertility. Early stage pregnancy loss may also be due to an unsuspected and undetected CT infection. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that this organism can persist in the female genital tract in a form undetectable by culture. The mechanism of tubal damage as well as the rejection of an embryo may involve an initial immune sensitization to the CT 60 kD heat shock protein (HSP), followed by a reactivation of HSP-sensitized lymphocytes in response to the human HSP and the subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines. The periodic induction of human HSP expression by various microorganisms or by noninfectious mechanisms in the fallopian tubes of women sensitized to the CT HSP may eventually result in tubal scarring and occlusion. Similarly, an immune response to human HSP expression during the early stages of pregnancy may interfere with the immune regulatory mechanisms required for the maintenance of a semiallogeneic embryo.

scholarly journals The Endometrial Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Conception

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Bruno Toson ◽  
Carlos Simon ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Female Genital

Changes in the female genital tract microbiome are consistently correlated to gynecological and obstetrical pathologies, and tract dysbiosis can impact reproductive outcomes during fertility treatment. Nonetheless, a consensus regarding the physiological microbiome core inside the uterine cavity has not been reached due to a myriad of study limitations, such as sample size and experimental design variations, and the influence of endometrial bacterial communities on human reproduction remains debated. Understanding the healthy endometrial microbiota and how changes in its composition affect fertility would potentially allow personalized treatment through microbiome management during assisted reproductive therapies, ultimately leading to improvement of clinical outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the uterine microbiota and how it relates to human conception.

scholarly journals Congenital absence of a part of the fallopian tube: a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Mukta Agarwal ◽  
Hemali H. Sinha ◽  
. Anamika
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Female Genital

Congenital malformations of female genital tract are frequently seen in Gynaecological clinics, incidence being upto 5-6% in cases of infertility. Most of these anomalies are related to uterus and vagina, abnormalities related to ovaries and fallopian tubes are of rare occurrence and the exact incidence of these anomalies are not known, only a few incidental case reports are available in literature. Here, we present a rare case report of absent mid- tubal segment of fallopian tube in a patient of infertility.

scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization and Beta Defensins in the Female Genital Tract in HIV Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Santosh K. Ghosh ◽  
Rebecca Flyckt ◽  
Magdalena Kalinowska ◽  
David Starks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Beta Defensins ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Female genital tract tuberculosis in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital: A retrospective one year histopathological study

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu Jha ◽  
Gita Sayami ◽  
Ram Adhikari ◽  
Roona Jha ◽  
Rashmi Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Peritoneal Biopsy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Female Genital

Aim: To determine frequency of female genital tract (FGT) tuberculosis (TB) in the gynecological biopsies received in the Department of Histopathology of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Histopathology records of one year (14th April 2006 to 13th April 2007) were retrieved and searched for the cases of female genital tract TB. Relevant histopathological findings and clinical data were recorded and analyzed. Results: We analyzed 5696 histopathological cases during one year period for FGT tuberculosis. There were 1565 cases of gynecological biopsy and 9 cases were diagnosed as FGT tuberculosis based on histopathological and clinical findings. Ovarian tuberculosis was seen in three cases, bilateral fallopian tubes were involved in 2 cases and endometrial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2 cases. 3 cases of omental biopsy and 1 case of peritoneal biopsy showed tubercular granulomas. Conclusion: FGT tuberculosis was usually seen in age 16-28 years and constituted 0.57% of total gynecological cases and 0.15% of total biopsies. Fallopian tubes, ovaries and endometrium were affected with the involvement of peritoneum or omentum, common event being tubercular endosalpingitis. Histopathology in association with clinical findings still remains gold standard for the diagnosis of FGT tuberculosis in our country despite advancement in diagnostic modalities; however, incidental histological detection in clinically unanticipated cases is not an uncommon event. Key Words: Female genital tract TB, histopathology, clinical findings.   doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1452 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 29 - 34

Atypical mucinous metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia of the female genital tract—a case report and review of the literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anjarwalla ◽  
T. P. Rollason ◽  
N. Rooney ◽  
L. Hirschowitz
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Serosal Surface ◽  
Metaplastic Epithelium ◽  
Mucinous Epithelium ◽  
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome ◽  
Female Genital

Müllerian metaplasia of the female genital tract is usually of limited extent and subtype. We describe the replacement of the lining of the entire genital tract and much of the overlying pelvic serosa by metaplastic müllerian epithelium, in a nulliparous 65-year-old woman with cervical agenesis. She did not have Peutz–Jeghers syndrome and had not had any form of prior hormonal treatment. The metaplastic epithelium extended from the vagina to the serosal surface of the pelvic organs. Mucinous epithelium predominated. In addition, there was multifocal dysplasia of the metaplastic epithelium; this was most prominent in the fallopian tubes where there was marked papillation with cytoarchitectural features reminiscent of a borderline mucinous ovarian tumor. Although müllerian metaplasia is well recognized at different sites within the female genital tract, this highly unusual finding of multiple metaplastic epithelial subtypes and dysplasia involving the mucinous metaplastic epithelium along the entire genital tract and pelvic serosal surface has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported previously in the absence of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.

scholarly journals Synchronous papillary endometrial and ovarian cancer in a 64-year-old woman

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Ganesh B. Bharaswadkar ◽  
Nalan Babacan
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Metachronous Cancer ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Synchronous Malignancies ◽  
Female Genital

Obesity, nulliparity, and comparatively younger age may attribute a “hormonal field effect” which leads to the development of synchronous endometrioid cancers. The morphological unit consisting of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovary as part of the Mullerian system may explain the synchronous appearance of these malignancies. Synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEOC) is defined as the simultaneous presence of these dual cancers at the time of diagnosis as opposed to metachronous cancer where these two cancers are diagnosed at different chronologic time points. Synchronous malignancies in the female genital tract are very rare entities. Synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumors must be differentiated from either primary endometrium or ovarian tumors with metastasis. The landmark criteria for diagnosing such cases have been laid down by Ulbright and Roth.

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