scholarly journals Coeliac Disease and Mast Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Frossi ◽  
Marco De Carli ◽  
Antonino Calabrò
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Immunological Factors

Over the last decades, there has been an impressive progress in our understanding of coeliac disease pathogenesis and it has become clear that the disorder is the final result of complex interactions of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors. Coeliac disease is now considered a prototype of T-cell-mediated disease characterized by loss of tolerance to dietary gluten and the targeted killing of enterocytes by T-cell receptor αβ intraepithelial lymphocytes. Accumulating evidence, however, indicates that the induction of a gluten-specific T helper-1 response must be preceded by the activation of the innate immune system. Mast cells are key players of the innate immune response and contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Here, we review the results of studies aimed at investigating the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, showing that these cells increase in number during the progression of the disease and contribute to define a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.

scholarly journals Thymic origin of embryonic intestinal gamma/delta T cells.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Dunon ◽  
M D Cooper ◽  
B A Imhof
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cells ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Embryo Cells

Current evidence suggests both thymic and extrathymic origins for T cells. Studies in mice favor an in situ origin for a prominent population of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes that express gamma/delta T cell receptor (TCR). This developmental issue is explored in an avian model in which the gamma/delta lymphocytes constitute a major T cell subpopulation that is accessible for study during the earliest stages of lymphocyte development. In the chick embryo, cells bearing the gamma/delta TCR appear first in the thymus where they reach peak levels on days 14-15 of embryogenesis, just 2 d before gamma/delta T cells appear in the intestine. Using two congenic chick strains, one of which expresses the ov antigen, we studied the origin and kinetics of intestinal colonization by gamma/delta T cells. The embryonic gamma/delta+ thymocytes homed to the intestine where they survived for months, whereas an embryonic gamma/delta- thymocyte population enriched in thymocyte precursors failed to give rise to intestinal gamma/delta+ T cells. Embryonic hemopoietic tissues, bone marrow, and spleen, were also ineffective sources for intestinal gamma/delta+ T cells. Intestinal colonization by gamma/delta+ thymocytes occurred in two discrete waves in embryos and newly hatched birds. The data indicate that intestinal gamma/delta T cells in the chicken are primarily thymic migrants that are relatively long-lived.

scholarly journals Qa-2–Dependent Selection of Cd8α/α T Cell Receptor α/β1 Cells in Murine Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
Gobardhan Das ◽  
Dina S. Gould ◽  
Mathew M. Augustine ◽  
Gladis Fragoso ◽  
Edda Sciutto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Activation-induced Modification in the CD3 Complex of the γδ T Cell Receptor

2002 ◽  
Vol 196 (10) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Hayes ◽  
Karen Laky ◽  
Dalal El-Khoury ◽  
Dietmar J. Kappes ◽  
B.J. Fowlkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Subunit Composition ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Functional Consequences

The T cell antigen receptor complexes expressed on αβ and γδ T cells differ not only in their respective clonotypic heterodimers but also in the subunit composition of their CD3 complexes. The γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed on ex vivo γδ T cells lack CD3δ, whereas αβ TCRs contain CD3δ. While this result correlates with the phenotype of CD3δ−/− mice, in which γδ T cell development is unaffected, it is inconsistent with the results of previous studies reporting that CD3δ is a component of the γδ TCR. Since earlier studies examined the subunit composition of γδ TCRs expressed on activated and expanded peripheral γδ T cells or γδ TCR+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, we hypothesized that activation and expansion may lead to changes in the CD3 subunit composition of the γδ TCR. Here, we report that activation and expansion do in fact result in the inclusion of a protein, comparable in mass and mobility to CD3δ, in the γδ TCR. Further analyses revealed that this protein is not CD3δ, but instead is a differentially glycosylated form of CD3γ. These results provide further evidence for a major difference in the subunit composition of αβ- and γδ TCR complexes and raise the possibility that modification of CD3γ may have important functional consequences in activated γδ T cells.

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