scholarly journals Cardiodynamic Interactions between Two S1P1 Receptor Modulators in an Experimental Clinical Setting: Different Pharmacokinetic Properties as an Opportunity to Mitigate First-Dose Heart Rate Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Eric Juif ◽  
Mike Ufer ◽  
Jasper Dingemanse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Chronotropic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

A decrease in heart rate (HR) is a well-established first-dose effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate subtype 1 receptor (S1P1R) modulators. For compounds with a short half-life (t1/2), this can be mitigated by gradual up-titration to therapeutic doses, whereas this is not required for compounds with a long t1/2 due to the less pronounced first-dose-related negative chronotropic effects. Based on this conceptual framework, this mechanistic study investigated whether first-dose HR effects of ponesimod (t1/2 ~32 h) can be mitigated by prior administration of cenerimod (t1/2 ~415 h). Healthy subjects (n = 12) were randomly assigned to active or placebo (2:1 ratio). Active treatment consisted of a single dose of 10 mg ponesimod on Day 1, 18, and 37 and multiple-dose administration of 2 mg once daily cenerimod (Day 9–36). Placebos of cenerimod and ponesimod were used as reference treatment. Cardiodynamic parameters were derived from 24 h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments on Day 1, 9, 10, 18, 36, and 37. Ponesimod (10 mg) alone triggered a transient mean decrease from baseline in hourly mean HR of 17 bpm. In contrast, decreases of 5.0 and 4.8 bpm were observed when ponesimod was given at near half steady-state (Day 18) or steady-state (Day 37) cenerimod, respectively. Hourly mean HR decreased after first administration of cenerimod and placebo was 7.4 and 4.0 bpm, respectively. Treatment with ponesimod and cenerimod alone or in combination was safe and tolerated. First-dose-related negative chronotropic effects of ponesimod were less pronounced when administered after initiation of cenerimod suggesting mitigation of this class-related liability.

scholarly journals Differential effects of the blood pressure state on pulse rate variability and heart rate variability in critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Mejía-Mejía ◽  
James M. May ◽  
Mohamed Elgendi ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) utilizes the electrocardiogram (ECG) and has been widely studied as a non-invasive indicator of cardiac autonomic activity. Pulse rate variability (PRV) utilizes photoplethysmography (PPG) and recently has been used as a surrogate for HRV. Several studies have found that PRV is not entirely valid as an estimation of HRV and that several physiological factors, including the pulse transit time (PTT) and blood pressure (BP) changes, may affect PRV differently than HRV. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PRV and HRV under different BP states: hypotension, normotension, and hypertension. Using the MIMIC III database, 5 min segments of PPG and ECG signals were used to extract PRV and HRV, respectively. Several time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear indices were obtained from these signals. Bland–Altman analysis, correlation analysis, and Friedman rank sum tests were used to compare HRV and PRV in each state, and PRV and HRV indices were compared among BP states using Kruskal–Wallis tests. The findings indicated that there were differences between PRV and HRV, especially in short-term and nonlinear indices, and although PRV and HRV were altered in a similar manner when there was a change in BP, PRV seemed to be more sensitive to these changes.

scholarly journals Estimation of cardiovascular drift through ear temperature during prolonged steady-state cycling: a study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000907
Author(s):  
Giovanni Polsinelli ◽  
Angelo Rodio ◽  
Bruno Federico
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Steady State Cycling

IntroductionThe measurement of heart rate is commonly used to estimate exercise intensity. However, during endurance performance, the relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption may be compromised by cardiovascular drift. This physiological phenomenon mainly consists of a time-dependent increase in heart rate and decrease in systolic volume and may lead to overestimate absolute exercise intensity in prediction models based on heart rate. Previous research has established that cardiovascular drift is correlated to the increase in core body temperature during prolonged exercise. Therefore, monitoring body temperature during exercise may allow to quantify the increase in heart rate attributable to cardiovascular drift and to improve the estimate of absolute exercise intensity. Monitoring core body temperature during exercise may be invasive or inappropriate, but the external auditory canal is an easily accessible alternative site for temperature measurement.Methods and analysisThis study aims to assess the degree of correlation between trends in heart rate and in ear temperature during 120 min of steady-state cycling with intensity of 59% of heart rate reserve in a thermally neutral indoor environment. Ear temperature will be monitored both at the external auditory canal level with a contact probe and at the tympanic level with a professional infrared thermometer.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by an independent ethics committee. The results will be submitted for publication in academic journals and disseminated to stakeholders through summary documents and information meetings.

scholarly journals A Trigonometric Projection Method for Overcoming High Intensity Heart Rate Caused Waveform Deformation in Electrocardiogram Biometrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsu-Wang Shen ◽  
Shan-Chun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Electrocardiogram Signal ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Abstract Purpose Although electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proven as a biometric for human identification, applying biometric technology remains challenging with diverse heart rate circumstances in which high intensity heart rate caused waveform deformation may not be known in advance when ECG templates are registered. Methods A calibration method that calculates the ratio of the length of an unidentified electrocardiogram signal to the length of an electrocardiogram template is proposed in this paper. Next, the R peak is used as an axis anchor point of a trigonometric projection (TP) to attain the displacement value. Finally, the unidentified ECG signal is calibrated according to the generated trigonometric value, which corresponds to the trigonometric projection degree of the ratio and the attained displacement measurement. Results The results reveal that the proposed method provides superior overall performance compared with that of the conventional downsampling method, based on the percentage root mean square difference (PRD), correlation coefficients, and mean square error (MSE). Conclusion The curve fitting equation directly maps from the heart rate levels to the TP degree without prior registration information. The proposed ECG calibration method offers a more robust system against heart rate interference when conducting ECG identification.

Origins of heart rate variability: relationship of heart rate burst morphology to work duration and load

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. H1491-H1497
Author(s):  
Daniel Roach ◽  
Robert Haennel ◽  
Mary Lou Koshman ◽  
Robert Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Burst Duration ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Quantal Response ◽  
Ambulatory Ecg ◽  
Work Duration ◽  
Baroreceptor Activation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
The Impact

We are developing a lexicon of specific heart period changes, or lexons, that recur frequently and whose physiological meaning can be read into ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG). The transient, reversible “burst” of tachycardia induced by exercise initiation can also be seen on ambulatory ECG. We hypothesized that burst morphology depended on the work that preceded it and on baroreceptor activation. Ten subjects with mean age 38 yr (range 17–69 yr) underwent two protocols of semisupine cycling in which load and duration were varied. Burst duration increased with longer cycling times (median values of 18.0, 25.5, and 23.7 s with 1, 3, and 5 s of cycling, respectively; P= 0.033). Burst shape as assessed by heart period exponential decay constant and burst magnitude did not change. To assess the impact of workload, subjects cycled for 5 s at loads of 0, 25, 50, and 75 W. No significant differences were seen in burst duration, burst magnitude, or burst shape. Tachycardia preceded hypotension by 4.6 ± 2.2 s, which is inconsistent with baroreceptor involvement in the onset of burst tachycardia. Because burst morphology is a nearly quantal response to the initiation of exercise, the presence of a burst on an ambulatory ECG implies the onset of exercise.

scholarly journals Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Subtypes S1P1and S1P3, Respectively, Regulate Lymphocyte Recirculation and Heart Rate

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (14) ◽  
pp. 13839-13848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Germana Sanna ◽  
Jiayu Liao ◽  
Euijung Jo ◽  
Christopher Alfonso ◽  
Min-Young Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
S1p Receptor ◽  
Lymphocyte Recirculation

Blunted Heart Rate Recovery to Spontaneous Nocturnal Arousals in Short Sleeping Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Bigalke ◽  
Ian M. Greenlund ◽  
Jennifer R. Nicevski ◽  
Carl A. Smoot ◽  
Benjamin Oosterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

Chronic insufficient sleep is a common occurrence around the world, and results in numerous physiological detriments and consequences, including cardiovascular complications. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between habitual total sleep time (TST) measured objectively via at-home actigraphy and heart rate (HR) reactivity to nocturnal cortical arousals. We hypothesized that short habitual TST would be associated with exaggerated cardiac reactivity to nocturnal cortical arousals. Participants included in 35 healthy individuals (20 male, 15 female, age: 24 ± 1, BMI: 27 ± 1 kg/m2), and were split using a median analysis into short (SS; n = 17) and normal sleeping (NS; n = 18) adults based on a minimum of 7 days of at-home actigraphy testing. All participants underwent a full overnight laboratory polysomnography (PSG) testing session, including continuous HR (electrocardiogram, ECG) sampling. HR reactivities to all spontaneous cortical arousals were assessed for 20 cardiac cycles following the onset of the arousal in all participants. Baseline HR was not significantly different between groups (P > .05). Spontaneous nocturnal arousal elicited an augmented HR response in the SS group, specifically during the recovery period [F (4.192, 134.134) = 3.413, p = .01]. There were no significant differences in HR reactivity between sexes [F (4.006, 128.189) = .429, p > .05]. These findings offer evidence of nocturnal cardiovascular dysregulation in habitual short sleepers, independent from any diagnosed sleep disorders.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Maximal Lactate Steady State

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hafen ◽  
Pat Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is one of the factors that differentiates performance in aerobic events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at the MLSS in well-trained distance runners. Twenty-two (12 female, 10 male) well-trained distance runners (23 ± 5.0 years) performed multiple 30-min steady-state runs to determine their MLSS, during which blood lactate and respiratory gas exchange measures were taken. To interpret the MLSS intensity as a training tool, runners completed a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) run at their MLSS. The relative intensity at which the MLSS occurred was identical between males and females according to both oxygen consumption (83 ± 5 %O2max) and heart rate (89 ± 7 %HRmax). However, female runners displayed a significantly lower RER at MLSS compared to male runners (p < 0.0001; 0.84 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.04, respectively). There was not a significant difference in TTE at MLSS between males (79 ± 17 min) and females (80 ± 25 min). Due to the observed difference in the RER at the MLSS, it is suggested that RER derived estimates of MLSS be sex-specific. While the RER data suggest that the MLSS represents different metabolic intensities for males and females, the relative training load of MLSS appears to be similar in males and female runners.

Age-Related Decreases in Finger Sensitivity Can Produce Error in Palpated Heart-Rate Determination

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Nobuo Takeshima ◽  
William F. Brechue ◽  
Setsuko Ueya ◽  
Kiyoji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

This study attempted to determine the accuracy of measuring heart rate by radial artery palpation in elderly individuals. Elderly (ELD; n = 26) and young (Y; n = 21) individuals completed 3 intensity levels of exercise on a treadmill, each carried out on a separate day. Participants determined their heart rate by palpating the radial artery (PR) after exercise. In ELD, there were significant differences between PR and electrocardiogram (ECG; p = .007). Heart-rate errors at each intensity of exercise were 7.2 ± 12.5, 6.6 ± 15.7, and 10.1 ± 16.5 beats/min. There were no differences in PR and ECG in Y. Fingertip sensitivity was significantly lower in ELD than in Y. A significant, negative correlation existed (r = -.56, n = 26) between heart-rate error and fingertip sensitivity in ELD. These data suggest that self-conducted PR by elderly individuals fails to accurately estimate heart rate. This appears to result from lessened vibrotactile sensitivity in the fingers.

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