scholarly journals Biocompatible and Antimicrobial Electrospun Membranes Based on Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Graphene Oxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andrés Tamayo Marín ◽  
Sebastián Ruiz Londoño ◽  
Johannes Delgado ◽  
Diana Paola Navia Porras ◽  
Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffolds

Tissue engineering is gaining attention rapidly to replace and repair defective tissues in the human body after illnesses and accidents in different organs. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have emerged as a potential alternative for cell regeneration and organ replacement. In this paper, porous membranes, based on nanofibrous chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and graphene oxide (GO), were obtained via electrospinning methodology. Three different formulations were obtained varying GO content, being characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In vitro tests were carried out, consisting of hydrolytic degradation inside simulated biological fluid (SBF), and in vivo tests were carried out, where the material was implanted in Wistar rats’ subcutaneous tissue to determine its biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and against Gram-negative Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, by contact of the electrospun nanofiber scaffolds above inoculum bacterial in Müeller Hinton agar with good inhibition only for scaffolds with the higher GO content (1.0%). The results confirmed good biocompatibility of the nanofibrous scaffolds after in vivo tests in Wistar rats, which evidences its high potential in applications of tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Films Based on Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide for Biomedical Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Ruiz ◽  
Julián Andrés Tamayo ◽  
Johannes Delgado Ospina ◽  
Diana Paola Navia Porras ◽  
Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

Today, tissue regeneration is one of the greatest challenges in the field of medicine, since it represents hope after accidents or illnesses. Tissue engineering is the science based on improving or restoring tissues and organs. In this work, five formulations of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CS/PVA/GO) nanocomposites were studied for the development of biodegradable films with potential biomedical applications. The characterization of the films consisted of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, by contact of the film above inoculum bacterial in Müeller–Hinton agar. On the other hand, in vivo tests in which the material implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats demonstrated that the formulation CS/PVA/GO (14.25:85:0.75) was the best antibacterial film with adequate degradation in vivo. All together, these results indicate the potential of the films using nanocomposites of CS/PVA/GO in tissue engineering and cell regeneration.

scholarly journals Új, laparoszkópos beültetésre alkalmas sérvháló állatkísérletes vizsgálata

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Marcell Guba
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Reconstruction of the abdominal wall with mesh is a widely used surgical procedure. The non-absorbable meshes tend to cause numerous side-effects. Aim: The aim of the author was to produce an absorbable, polymer-based mesh that possesses appropriate chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Method: A three-dimensional, biocompatible mesh was produced from poly-vinyl-alcohol using reactive electrospinning. Toxicity and cell-mesh interactions were tested using human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A-549), and in vivo tests were conducted in 42 male Wistar rats at the 1–5, 7 and 14 postoperative days (3 rats/groups). Results: In the in vitro tests poly-vinyl-alcohol was biocompatible. In the in vivo tests no major complication was associated with the mesh made of poly-vinyl-alcohol. Conclusions: The author concludes that this polymer mesh is biocompatible, it does not damage the surrounding tissues and integrates well with them. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(5), 180–184.

In Vitro Methods as a Tool in Neurotoxicity Studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Hanna Tähti ◽  
Leila Vaalavirta ◽  
Tarja Toimela
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
In Vivo Tests

— There are several hundred industrial chemicals with neurotoxic potential. The neurotoxic risks of most of these chemicals are unknown. Additional methods are needed to assess the risks more effectively and to elucidate the mechanisms of neurotoxicity more accurately than is possible with the conventional methods. This paper deals with general tasks concerning the use of in vitro models in the evaluation of neurotoxic risks. It is based on our previous studies with various in vitro models and on recent literature. The induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocyte cultures after treatment with known neurotoxicants (mercury compounds and aluminium) is discussed in more detail as an important response which can be detected in vitro. When used appropriately with in vivo tests and with previous toxicological data, in vitro neurotoxicity testing considerably improves risk assessment. The incorporation of in vitro tests into the early stages of risk evaluation can reduce the number of animals used in routine toxicity testing, by identifying chemicals with high neurotoxic potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of CS-Graphene Oxide Compounds In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego López Tenorio ◽  
Carlos Valencia ◽  
Cesar Valencia ◽  
Fabio Zuluaga ◽  
Mayra Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Critical Size Defects ◽  
Tissue Recovery

In the last few years, graphene oxide (GO) has gained considerable importance in scaffold preparation for tissue engineering due to the presence of functional groups that allow the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the components of the cellular membrane. The interaction between GO and chitosan (CS) can not only improve the biomechanical properties of the scaffold but also generate a synergistic effect, facilitating tissue recovery. In vivo studies on GO are scarce; therefore, biocompatibility tests on CS-GO scaffolds and bone regeneration experiments on critical size defects were carried out on Wistar rats. Scaffolds made of CS, CS-GO 0.5%, and CS-GO 1% were prepared and implanted on Wistar rats cranial bones for three months. Scaffold samples were analyzed through histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis performed showed reabsorption of the material by phagocytic activity and new bone formation. The CS-GO 0.5% formulation gave the best performance in bone regeneration, with excellent biocompatibility. These results show the potential of this compound for tissue regeneration opening and medical applications.

Comparison of methods for measurement of the pressure exerted by knitted fabrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (17) ◽  
pp. 2117-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Cieślak ◽  
Agnieszka Karaszewska ◽  
Ewa Gromadzińska ◽  
Izabela Jasińska ◽  
Irena Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Weft Knitted Fabric ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Warp Knitted Fabric

The article presents the results of measurements of pressure exerted by two model knitted products – bands with different structure (WI jersey weft-knitted fabric and WII openwork warp-knitted fabric). The tests were carried out with using the I-Scan system (in vivo and in vitro tests) and the STM 579 device (in vitro test). A comparative analysis of the in vivo and in vitro results for the I-Scan method and in vitro results for the I-Scan and STM 579 method was performed. It was found that the pressure values are lower for openwork warp-knitted fabric than for jersey weft-knitted fabric both in the case of the in vitro and in vivo tests, and the values of pressure for the same band are higher in the case of the in vitro tests.

Electrospun poly(vinyl) alcohol/collagen nanofibrous scaffold hybridized by graphene oxide for accelerated wound healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rethinam Senthil ◽  
Robert Berly ◽  
Thimmiah Bhargavi Ram ◽  
Nallathambi Gobi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Type I

Purpose: In this study, a blend of synthetic polymer (poly(vinyl) alcohol), natural polymer (collagen type I from fish bone), and graphene oxide nanoparticles is used to fabricate a composite nanofibrous scaffold, by electrospinning, for their potential application in accelerated wound healing. Methods: The scaffold was characterized for its physicochemical and mechanical properties. In vitro studies were carried out using human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) which proved the biocompatibility of the scaffold. In vivo study using mice model was carried out and the healing pattern was evaluated using histopathological studies. Results: Scaffold prepared from poly(vinyl) alcohol, collagen type I from fish bone, and graphene oxide possessed better physicochemical and mechanical properties. In addition, in vivo and in vitro studies showed its accelerated wound healing properties. Conclusion: The scaffold with required strength and biocompatibility may be tried as a wound dressing material in large animals after getting necessary approval.

scholarly journals In Vivo Investigation of Soft Tissue Response of Novel Silver/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/ Graphene and Silver/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Chitosan/Graphene Hydrogels Aimed for Medical Applications – The First Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Lužajić Božinovski ◽  
Danica Marković ◽  
Vera Todorović ◽  
Bogomir Prokić Bolka ◽  
Ivan Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Capsule Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Response

Abstract In this paper, we have shown for the fi rst time the soft tissue response of novel silver/ poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene (Ag/PVA/Gr) and silver/poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/ graphene (Ag/PVA/CHI/Gr) nanocomposite hydrogels aimed for medical applications. These novel hydrogels were produced by in situ electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the polymer matrices as described in our previously published works. Both Ag/PVA/Gr and Ag/PVA/CHI/Gr, as well as controls Ag/PVA, Ag/PVA/CHI and commercial Suprasorb©hydrogel discs, were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Implants with the surrounding tissue were dissected after post-implantation on days 7, 15, 30 and 60, and then processed for histological examination. The tissue irritation index (TIrI) score, according to ISO 10993-6, 2007, as well as the number of leukocytes in the peri-implant zone and connective tissue capsule thickness were examined. The results show that each TIrI score, the leukocyte number around the implanted materials and capsule thickness gradually decreased during the observation period. At the endpoint of follow-up, the Ag/PVA/CHI/Gr implant was surrounded with a thinner capsule, while both the TIrI score and the number of leukocytes of the peri-implant zone were greater compared to the Ag/PVA/Gr implant. Despite the observed differences, we can conclude that our in vivo experiment suggested that both novel hydrogels were biocompatible and suitable for medical use.

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