scholarly journals Genetic and Molecular Control of Floral Organ Identity in Cereals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Qasim Raza ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Usman Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Partial Conservation ◽  
Organ Identity

Grasses represent a major family of monocots comprising mostly cereals. When compared to their eudicot counterparts, cereals show a remarkable morphological diversity. Understanding the molecular basis of floral organ identity and inflorescence development is crucial to gain insight into the grain development for yield improvement purposes in cereals, however, the exact genetic mechanism of floral organogenesis remains elusive due to their complex inflorescence architecture. Extensive molecular analyses of Arabidopsis and other plant genera and species have established the ABCDE floral organ identity model. According to this model, hierarchical combinatorial activities of A, B, C, D, and E classes of homeotic genes regulate the identity of different floral organs with partial conservation and partial diversification between eudicots and cereals. Here, we review the developmental role of A, B, C, D, and E gene classes and explore the recent advances in understanding the floral development and subsequent organ specification in major cereals with reference to model plants. Furthermore, we discuss the evolutionary relationships among known floral organ identity genes. This comparative overview of floral developmental genes and associated regulatory factors, within and between species, will provide a thorough understanding of underlying complex genetic and molecular control of flower development and floral organ identity, which can be helpful to devise innovative strategies for grain yield improvement in cereals.

scholarly journals AINTEGUMENTA and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 directly regulate floral homeotic and growth genes in young flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Krizek ◽  
Alexis T. Bantle ◽  
Jorman M. Heflin ◽  
Han Han ◽  
Nowlan H. Freese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Homeotic

AbstractArabidopsis flower primordia give rise to floral organ primordia in stereotypical positions within four concentric whorls. Floral organ primordia in each whorl undergo distinct developmental programs to become one of four organ types (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels). The Arabidopsis transcription factors AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6) play critical and partially overlapping roles during floral organogenesis. They are required for correct positioning of floral organ initiation, contribute to the specification of floral organ identity, and regulate the growth and morphogenesis of developing floral organs. To gain insight into the molecular means by which ANT and AIL6 contribute to floral organogenesis, we identified the genome-wide binding sites of both ANT and AIL6 in stage 3 flower primordia, the developmental stage at which sepal primordia become visible and class B and C floral homeotic genes are first expressed. AIL6 binds to a subset of ANT sites, suggesting that AIL6 regulates some but not all of the same target genes as ANT. ANT and AIL6 binding sites are associated with genes involved in many biological processes related to meristem and flower organ development. Comparison of genes associated with both ANT and AIL6 ChIP-Seq peaks and those differentially expressed after perturbation of ANT or AIL6 activity identified likely direct targets of ANT and AIL6 regulation. These include the floral homeotic genes APETALA3 (AP3) and AGAMOUS (AG) and four growth regulatory genes: BIG BROTHER (BB), ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3), ANGUSTIFOLIA3/GRF INTERACTING FACTOR (AN3/GIF1), and XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOLSYLASE/HYDROLASE9 (XTH9).One Sentence SummaryThe transcription factors ANT and AIL6 directly regulate genes involved in different aspects of flower development including genes that specify floral organ identity and those that regulate growth.

scholarly journals AGAMOUS AND TERMINAL FLOWER controls floral organ identity and inflorescence development inMedicago truncatula

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Butuo Zhu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yifeng Hou ◽  
Pengcheng Zhang ◽  
Xiuzhi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Organ Identity

scholarly journals Molecular Evolution of Genes Controlling Petal and Stamen Development: Duplication and Divergence Within the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA MADS-Box Gene Lineages

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M Kramer ◽  
Robert L Dorit ◽  
Vivian F Irish
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Dicot Species

Abstract The specification of floral organ identity in the higher dicots depends on the function of a limited set of homeotic genes, many of them members of the MADS-box gene family. Two such genes, APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI), are required for petal and stamen identity in Arabidopsis; their orthologs in Antirrhinum exhibit similar functions. To understand how changes in these genes may have influenced the morphological evolution of petals and stamens, we have cloned twenty-six homologs of the AP3 and PI genes from two higher eudicot and eleven lower eudicot and magnolid dicot species. The sequences of these genes reveal the presence of characteristic PI- and AP3-specific motifs. While the PI-specific motif is found in all of the PI genes characterized to date, the lower eudicot and magnolid dicot AP3 homologs contain distinctly different motifs from those seen in the higher eudicots. An analysis of all the available AP3 and PI sequences uncovers multiple duplication events within each of the two gene lineages. A major duplication event in the AP3 lineage coincides with the base of the higher eudicot radiation and may reflect the evolution of a petal-specific AP3 function in the higher eudicot lineage.

scholarly journals The Origin of Floral Organ Identity Quartets

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ruelens ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Hilda van Mourik ◽  
Steven Maere ◽  
Kerstin Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity

Alteration of floral organ identity in rice through ectopic expression of OsMADS16

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sichul Lee ◽  
Jong-Seong Jeon ◽  
Kyungsook An ◽  
Yong-Hwan Moon ◽  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity

Alteration of tobacco floral organ identity by expression of combinations of Antirrhinum MADS-box genes

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Davies ◽  
Alexandra Rosa ◽  
Tinka Eneva ◽  
Heinz Saedler ◽  
Hans Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity
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