scholarly journals Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2): Type 2 Immunity and Helminth Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
De’Broski Herbert ◽  
Bonnie Douglas ◽  
Kelly Zullo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Unique Cell

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) have emerged as a major component of type 2 inflammation in mice and humans. ILC2 secrete large amounts of interleukins 5 and 13, which are largely responsible for host protective immunity against helminth parasites because these cytokines induce profound changes in host physiology that include: goblet cell metaplasia, mucus accumulation, smooth muscle hypercontractility, eosinophil and mast cell recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation (M2). This review covers the initial recognition of ILC2 as a distinct cell lineage, the key studies that established their biological importance, particularly in helminth infection, and the new directions that are likely to be the focus of emerging work that further explores this unique cell population in the context of health and disease.

scholarly journals ILC2 Activation by Protozoan Commensal Microbes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Burrows ◽  
Louis Ngai ◽  
Flora Wong ◽  
David Won ◽  
Arthur Mortha
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Group 2

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a member of the ILC family and are involved in protective and pathogenic type 2 responses. Recent research has highlighted their involvement in modulating tissue and immune homeostasis during health and disease and has uncovered critical signaling circuits. While interactions of ILC2s with the bacterial microbiome are rather sparse, other microbial members of our microbiome, including helminths and protozoans, reveal new and exciting mechanisms of tissue regulation by ILC2s. Here we summarize the current field on ILC2 activation by the tissue and immune environment and highlight particularly new intriguing pathways of ILC2 regulation by protozoan commensals in the intestinal tract.

scholarly journals Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Respiratory Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmee K. van der Ploeg ◽  
Ana Carreras Mascaro ◽  
Danny Huylebroeck ◽  
Rudi W. Hendriks ◽  
Ralph Stadhouders
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Made In

Recent studies using animal models have generated profound insight into the functions of various subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The group 2 ILC subset (ILC2) has been implicated in tissue homeostasis, defense responses against parasites, tissue repair, and immunopathology associated with type-2 immunity. In addition, progress has also been made in translating these findings from animal studies into a context of human immunity. Importantly, recent observations strongly support a role for ILC2s in several diseases of the human respiratory system. However, many aspects of human ILC2 biology are still unclear, including how these cells develop and which signals control their activity. As a result, the exact role played by ILCs in human health and disease remains poorly understood. Here, we summarize our current understanding of human ILC2 biology and focus on their potential involvement in various human respiratory disorders.

scholarly journals The transcription factor Bcl11b is specifically expressed in group 2 innate lymphoid cells and is essential for their development

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yu ◽  
Cui Wang ◽  
Simon Clare ◽  
Juexuan Wang ◽  
Song-Choon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Effector Cytokines ◽  
Group 2

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), or ILC2s, are a subset of recently identified ILCs, which play important roles in innate immunity by producing type 2 effector cytokines. Several transcription factors have been found to have critical functions in the development of both ILC2s and T cells. We report here that Bcl11b, a transcription factor essential in T cell lineage commitment and maintenance, is specifically expressed in progenitors committed to the ILC2 lineage and is required for ILC2 development. The Bcl11b gene is expressed in ∼28% of ILC progenitors (ILCPs; common helper innate lymphoid progenitors or ILCPs expressing either ID2 or promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, respectively). Both in vitro and in vivo, these Bcl11b-expressing early ILCPs generate only ILC2s. Inactivation of Bcl11b causes a complete loss of ILC2 development from hematopoietic progenitors, which is confirmed upon immune challenge with either papain administration or influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Effects of BMP7 produced by group 2 innate lymphoid cells on adipogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurina Miyajima ◽  
Kafi N Ealey ◽  
Yasutaka Motomura ◽  
Miho Mochizuki ◽  
Natsuki Takeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are type 2 cytokine-producing cells that have important roles in helminth infection and allergic inflammation. ILC2s are tissue-resident cells, and their phenotypes and roles are regulated by tissue-specific environmental factors. While the role of ILC2s in the lung, intestine and bone marrow has been elucidated in many studies, their role in adipose tissues is still unclear. Here, we report on the role of ILC2-derived bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) in adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Co-culture of fat-derived ILC2s with pluripotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells and committed white preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells resulted in their differentiation to adipocytes and induced lipid accumulation. Co-culture experiments using BMP7-deficient ILC2s revealed that BMP7, produced by ILC2s, induces differentiation into brown adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that BMP7, produced by ILC2s, affects adipocyte differentiation, particularly in brown adipocytes.

scholarly journals Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Central Players in a Recurring Theme of Repair and Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Messing ◽  
Sia Cecilia Jan-Abu ◽  
Kelly McNagny
Keyword(s):  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Neonatal Immunity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Transcription Factor Expression

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate counterparts to the well-established T helper cell subsets and are most abundant at barrier surfaces, where they participate in tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses against invading pathogens. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) share cytokine and transcription factor expression profiles with type-2 helper T cells and are primarily associated with immune responses against allergens and helminth infections. Emerging data, however, suggests that ILC2s are also key regulators in other inflammatory settings; both in a beneficial context, such as the establishment of neonatal immunity, tissue repair, and homeostasis, and in the context of pathological tissue damage and disease, such as fibrosis development. This review focuses on the interactions of ILC2s with stromal cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and T regulatory cells that are common to the different settings in which type-2 immunity has been explored. We further discuss how an understanding of these interactions can reveal new avenues of therapeutic tissue regeneration, where the role of ILC2s is yet to be fully established.

Type I interferon restricts type 2 immunopathology through the regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia U Duerr ◽  
Connor D A McCarthy ◽  
Barbara C Mindt ◽  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Alexandre P Meli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Group 2

Interferon and IL-27 antagonize the function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and type 2 innate immune responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Moro ◽  
Hiroki Kabata ◽  
Masanobu Tanabe ◽  
Satoshi Koga ◽  
Natsuki Takeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Group 2
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