scholarly journals Quiescence Entry, Maintenance, and Exit in Adult Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamat Mohammad ◽  
Paméla Dakik ◽  
Younes Medkour ◽  
Darya Mitrofanova ◽  
Vladimir I. Titorenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Quiescent Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Multistep Process

Cells of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes can respond to certain environmental cues by arresting the cell cycle and entering a reversible state of quiescence. Quiescent cells do not divide, but can re-enter the cell cycle and resume proliferation if exposed to some signals from the environment. Quiescent cells in mammals and humans include adult stem cells. These cells exhibit improved stress resistance and enhanced survival ability. In response to certain extrinsic signals, adult stem cells can self-renew by dividing asymmetrically. Such asymmetric divisions not only allow the maintenance of a population of quiescent cells, but also yield daughter progenitor cells. A multistep process of the controlled proliferation of these progenitor cells leads to the formation of one or more types of fully differentiated cells. An age-related decline in the ability of adult stem cells to balance quiescence maintenance and regulated proliferation has been implicated in many aging-associated diseases. In this review, we describe many traits shared by different types of quiescent adult stem cells. We discuss how these traits contribute to the quiescence, self-renewal, and proliferation of adult stem cells. We examine the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that allow establishing and sustaining the characteristic traits of adult stem cells, thereby regulating quiescence entry, maintenance, and exit.

Regeneration and pattern formation in planarians. III. that neoblasts are totipotent stem cells and the cells

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baguna ◽  
E. Salo ◽  
C. Auladell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Quiescent Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

In most regenerating systems, blastema cells arise by dedifferentiation of functional tissue cells. In is still debatable whether dedifferentiated cells or a undifferentiated cells, the neoblasts, are the main cells. Moreover, it is unclear whether in the intact neoblasts are quiescent cells ‘reserved’ for serve as functional stem cells of all differentiated uncertainties partly stem from the failure to conventional labelling methods neoblasts from Here we describe a new approach to these problems regenerative and stem cell capabilities of purified differentiated cells when introduced, separately, into hosts. Introduction of neoblasts led to resumed blastema formation, and extended or complete survival differentiated cells, in contrast, never did so. neoblasts can be qualified as totipotent stem cells of blastema cells, while dedifferentiation does not either in intact or regenerating organisms. In strengthen the idea that different types of formation, linked to the tissular complexity of the present in the animal kingdom.

scholarly journals Quiescent, Slow-Cycling Stem Cell Populations in Cancer: A Review of the Evidence and Discussion of Significance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Moore ◽  
Stephen Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Slow Cycling ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Long-lived cancer stem cells (CSCs) with indefinite proliferative potential have been identified in multiple epithelial cancer types. These cells are likely derived from transformed adult stem cells and are thought to share many characteristics with their parental population, including a quiescent slow-cycling phenotype. Various label-retaining techniques have been used to identify normal slow cycling adult stem cell populations and offer a unique methodology to functionally identify and isolate cancer stem cells. The quiescent nature of CSCs represents an inherent mechanism that at least partially explains chemotherapy resistance and recurrence in posttherapy cancer patients. Isolating and understanding the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of quiescent cancer cells will be a key component to creation of future therapies that better target CSCs and totally eradicate tumors. Here we review the evidence for quiescent CSC populations and explore potential cell cycle regulators that may serve as future targets for elimination of these cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Placental Extract on Omentum Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation in NMRI Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Maryam Sadat Nezhadfazel ◽  
Kazem Parivar ◽  
Nasim Hayati Roodbari ◽  
Mitra Heydari Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Placental Extract

Omentum mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) could be induced to differentiate into cell varieties under certain conditions. We studied differentiation of OMSCs induced by using placenta extract in NMRI mice. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from omentum and cultured with mice placenta extract. MSCs, were assessed after three passages by flow cytometry for CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD34 markers and were recognized their ability to differentiate into bone and fat cell lines. Placenta extract dose was determined with IC50 test then OMSCs were cultured in DMEM and 20% placenta extract.The cell cycle was checked. OMSCs were assayed on 21 days after culture and differentiated cells were determined by flow cytometry and again processed for flow cytometry. CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105 markers were not expressed, only CD34 was their marker. OMSCs were morphologically observed. Differentiated cells are similar to the endothelial cells. Therefore, to identify differentiated cells, CD31 and FLK1 expression were measured. This was confirmed by its expression. G1 phase of the cell cycle shows that OMSCs compared to the control group, were in the differentiation phase. The reason for the differentiation of MSCs into endothelial cells was the sign of presence of VEGF factor in the medium too high value of as a VEGF secreting source.

scholarly journals Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a concomitant delay in differentiation and cell cycle of aged hematopoietic stem cells

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léonard Hérault ◽  
Mathilde Poplineau ◽  
Adrien Mazuel ◽  
Nadine Platet ◽  
Élisabeth Remy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Undifferentiated State ◽  
Reference Map

Abstract Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the guarantor of the proper functioning of hematopoiesis due to their incredible diversity of potential. During aging, heterogeneity of HSCs changes, contributing to the deterioration of the immune system. In this study, we revisited mouse HSC compartment and its transcriptional plasticity during aging at unicellular scale. Results Through the analysis of 15,000 young and aged transcriptomes, we identified 15 groups of HSCs revealing rare and new specific HSC abilities that change with age. The implantation of new trajectories complemented with the analysis of transcription factor activities pointed consecutive states of HSC differentiation that were delayed by aging and explained the bias in differentiation of older HSCs. Moreover, reassigning cell cycle phases for each HSC clearly highlighted an imbalance of the cell cycle regulators of very immature aged HSCs that may contribute to their accumulation in an undifferentiated state. Conclusions Our results establish a new reference map of HSC differentiation in young and aged mice and reveal a potential mechanism that delays the differentiation of aged HSCs and could promote the emergence of age-related hematologic diseases.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Caffeic Acid Lead to Protection of Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cell Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Sheng ◽  
Yuedan Zhu ◽  
Juanyu Zhou ◽  
La Yan ◽  
Gang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tissue Aging

The dysfunction or exhaustion of adult stem cells during aging is closely linked to tissue aging and age-related diseases. Circumventing this aging-related exhaustion of adult stem cells could significantly alleviate the functional decline of organs. Therefore, identifying small molecular compounds that could prevent the age-related decline of stem cell function is a primary goal in anti-aging research. Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic compound synthesized in plants, offers substantial health benefits for multiple age-related diseases and aging. However, the effects of CA on adult stem cells remain largely unknown. Using the Drosophila midgut as a model, this study showed that oral administration with CA significantly delayed age-associated Drosophila gut dysplasia caused by the dysregulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) upon aging. Moreover, administering CA retarded the decline of intestinal functions in aged Drosophila and prevented hyperproliferation of age-associated ISC by suppressing oxidative stress-associated JNK signaling. On the other hand, CA supplementation significantly ameliorated the gut hyperplasia defect and reduced environmentally induced mortality, revealing the positive effects of CA on tolerance to stress responses. Taken together, our findings report a crucial role of CA in delaying age-related changes in ISCs of Drosophila.

scholarly journals The Wnt Signaling Inhibitor Dickkopf-1 Is Required for Reentry into the Cell Cycle of Human Adult Stem Cells from Bone Marrow

2003 ◽  
Vol 278 (30) ◽  
pp. 28067-28078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Gregory ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Anthony S. Perry ◽  
Darwin J. Prockop
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Dickkopf 1

Lineage potential, plasticity and environmental reprogramming of epithelial stem/progenitor cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro W. Amici ◽  
Fatai O. Onikoyi ◽  
Paola Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Thymic Epithelium ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Stratified Epithelia

Recent evidence supports and reinforces the concept that environmental cues may reprogramme somatic cells and change their natural fate. In the present review, we concentrate on environmental reprogramming and fate potency of different epithelial cells. These include stratified epithelia, such as the epidermis, hair follicle, cornea and oesophagus, as well as the thymic epithelium, which stands alone among simple and stratified epithelia, and has been shown recently to contain stem cells. In addition, we briefly discuss the pancreas as an example of plasticity of intrinsic progenitors and even differentiated cells. Of relevance, examples of plasticity and fate change characterize pathologies such as oesophageal metaplasia, whose possible cell origin is still debated, but has important implications as a pre-neoplastic event. Although much work remains to be done in order to unravel the full potential and plasticity of epithelial cells, exploitation of this phenomenon has already entered the clinical arena, and might provide new avenues for future cell therapy of these tissues.

scholarly journals Amniotic Fluid Cells, Stem Cells, and p53: Can We Stereotype p53 Functions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Rodrigues ◽  
Christine Blattner ◽  
Liborio Stuppia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
High Proliferation Rate ◽  
Alternative Sources

In recent years, great interest has been devoted to finding alternative sources for human stem cells which can be easily isolated, ideally without raising ethical objections. These stem cells should furthermore have a high proliferation rate and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Amniotic fluid, ordinarily discarded as medical waste, is potentially such a novel source of stem cells, and these amniotic fluid derived stem cells are currently gaining a lot of attention. However, further information will be required about the properties of these cells before they can be used for therapeutic purposes. For example, the risk of tumor formation after cell transplantation needs to be explored. The tumor suppressor protein p53, well known for its activity in controlling Cell Prolif.eration and cell death in differentiated cells, has more recently been found to be also active in amniotic fluid stem cells. In this review, we summarize the major findings about human amniotic fluid stem cells since their discovery, followed by a brief overview of the important role played by p53 in embryonic and adult stem cells. In addition, we explore what is known about p53 in amniotic fluid stem cells to date, and emphasize the need to investigate its role, particularly in the context of cell tumorigenicity.

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