scholarly journals Carbon-Doped TiO2 Activated by X-Ray Irradiation for the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy in Tumor Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chen Yang ◽  
Min-Hsiung Tsai ◽  
Keng-Yuan Li ◽  
Chun-Han Hou ◽  
Feng-Huei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
X Ray

Traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by the penetration depth of visible light. Although the light source has been changed to near infrared, infrared light is unable to overcome the penetration barrier and it is only effective at the surface of the tumors. In this study, we used X-ray as a light source for deep-seated tumor treatment. A particle with a narrow band gap when exposed to soft X-rays would produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumor cell, with less damage to the normal tissues. Anatase TiO2 has been studied as a photosensitizer in PDT. In the experiment, C was doped into the anatase lattice at an optimum atomic ratio to make the band gap narrower, which would be activated by X-ray to produce more ROS and kill tumor cells under stress. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2:C particles were identified as crystal structures of anatase. The synthesized particles could be activated effectively by soft X-rays to produce ROS, to degrade methylene blue by up to 30.4%. Once TiO2:C was activated by X-ray irradiation, the death rate of A549 cells in in vitro testing was as high as 16.57%, on day 2. In the animal study, the tumor size gradually decreased after treatment with TiO2:C and exposure to X-rays on day 0 and day 8. On day 14, the tumor declined to nearly half of its initial volume, while the tumor in the control group was twice its initial volume. After the animal was sacrificed, blood, and major organs were harvested for further analysis and examination, with data fully supporting the safety of the treatment. Based on the results of the study, we believe that TiO2:C when exposed to X-rays could overcome the limitation of penetration depth and could improve PDT effects by inhibiting tumor growth effectively and safely, in vivo.

scholarly journals Rare-Earth-Doped Calcium Carbonate Exposed to X-ray Irradiation to Induce Reactive Oxygen Species for Tumor Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chen Yang ◽  
Wei-Yun Wang ◽  
Feng-Huei Lin ◽  
Chun-Han Hou
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
X Ray

Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by its penetration depth due to the photosensitizer and light source. In this study, we developed X-ray induced photodynamic therapy that applied X-ray as the light source to activate Ce-doped CaCO3 (CaCO3:Ce) to generate an intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cancer cells. The A549 cell line was used as the in vitro and in vivo model to evaluate the efficacy of X-ray-induced CaCO3:Ce. The cell viability significantly decreased and cell cytotoxicity obviously increased with CaCO3:Ce exposure under X-ray irradiation, which is less harmful than radiotherapy in tumor treatment. CaCO3:Ce produced significant ROS under X-ray irradiation and promoted A549 cancer cell death. CaCO3:Ce can enhance the efficacy of X-ray induced PDT, and tumor growth was inhibited in vivo. The blood analysis and hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) stain fully supported the safety of the treatment. The mechanisms underlying ROS and CO2 generation by CaCO3:Ce activated by X-ray irradiation to induce cell toxicity, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, is discussed. These findings and advances are of great importance in providing a novel therapeutic approach as an alternative tumor treatment.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites for X-Ray Photodynamic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaira Gadzhimagomedova ◽  
Peter Zolotukhin ◽  
Oleg Kit ◽  
Daria Kirsanova ◽  
Alexander Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine, some novel approaches for deep lying tumors have to be developed. Recently, deeper penetration of X-rays into tissues has been implemented, which is now known as X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT). The two methods differ in the photon energy used, thus requiring the use of different types of scintillating nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are known to convert the incident energy into the activation energy of a photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Since not all photosensitizers are found to be suitable for the currently used scintillating nanoparticles, it is necessary to find the most effective biocompatible combination of these two agents. The most successful combinations of nanoparticles for XPDT are presented. Nanomaterials such as metal–organic frameworks having properties of photosensitizers and scintillation nanoparticles are reported to have been used as XPDT agents. The role of metal–organic frameworks for applying XPDT as well as the mechanism underlying the generation of reactive oxygen species are discussed.

scholarly journals The Rare-Earth Elements Doping of BaGdF5 Nanophosphors for X-ray Photodynamic Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3212
Author(s):  
Daria Kirsanova ◽  
Vladimir Polyakov ◽  
Vera Butova ◽  
Peter Zolotukhin ◽  
Anna Belanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Luminescence ◽  
Luminescence Characteristics

It is known that the initiation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep-seated tumors requires the use of X-rays to activate the reactive oxygen species generation in deep tissues. The aim of this paper is to synthesize X-ray nanophosphors and analyze their structural and luminescence characteristics to push the PDT process deep into the body. The article deals with BaGdF5:Eu3+, BaGdF5:Sm3+, and BaGdF5:Tb3+ nanophosphors synthesized using microwave synthesis. It is found that the nanoparticles are biocompatible and have sizes 5–17 nm. However, according to the analysis of X-ray excited optical luminescence, BaGdF5:Sm3+ nanophosphors will not be effective for treating deep-seated tumors. Thus, BaGdF5:Eu3+ and BaGdF5:Tb3+ nanoparticles meet the requirements for the subsequent production of nanocomposites based on them that can be used in X-ray photodynamic therapy.

SiO2@Cu7S4 nanotubes for photo/chemodynamic and photo-thermal dual-mode synergistic therapy under 808 nm laser irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 5707-5721
Author(s):  
Mingdi Sun ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Wu Fanqi ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Hongjiao Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Dual Mode

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based modality for tumor treatment that involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen.

A Water-Soluble Octahedral Molybdenum Cluster Complex as a Potential Agent for X-Ray Induced Photodynamic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaplan Kirakci ◽  
Tatyana Pozmogova ◽  
Andrey Y Protasevich ◽  
Georgy D Vavilov ◽  
Dmitri Stass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cluster Complex ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molybdenum Cluster

X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) has recently evolved into a suitable modality to fight cancer. This technique, which exploits radiosensitizers producing reactive oxygen species, allows for a reduction of the radiation...

Track analysis of a synchrotron X-ray photoelectric nanoradiator by in situ fluorescence imaging of reactive oxygen species: comparative study of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kun Jeon ◽  
Jong-Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Track Analysis

The emission of fluorescent X-rays and low-energy electrons by mid-/high-Z nanoparticles upon irradiation with either X-ray photons or high-energy ion beams is referred to as the nanoradiator effect (NRE). A track analysis of NRE was performed using reactive oxygen species (ROS) gels, to which macrophages containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were attached, together with single-cell irradiation of the intracellular nanoparticles from a microbeam of synchrotron X-rays, and the range and distribution of ^\bulletOH and O2^{ \bullet - } produced were compared with those of the Fe-nanoradiator by magnetite nanoparticles (FeONP, Fe3O4). The Au-nanoradiator generated ROS fluorescence to a greater depth and wider angle with respect to the incident X-rays than that of the Fe-nanoradiator. The ROS-oxidant fluorescence intensity ratios of ^\bulletOH to O2^{ \bullet - } were different for the AuNPs and FeONPs, reflecting different relative yields of electrons and fluorescent X-rays from NRE. In the region immediately (<100 µm) below the irradiated cell, ^\bulletOH-radicals were distributed mainly along two or three tracks in the depth direction in the FeONP- or AuNP-ROS gel. In contrast, O2^{ \bullet - } was scattered more abundantly in random directions in the AuNP-ROS gel than in the FeONP-ROS gel. Track analysis of X-ray photoelectric nanoradiator radiation showed a different range of dose distribution and relative emission compositions between Au- and Fe-nanoradiators, suggesting more extensive damage beyond a single cell containing AuNPs than one containing FeONPs.

NIR-triggered Biodegradable MOF-coated Upconversion Nanoparticles for Synergetic Chemodynamic/Photodynamic Therapy with Enhanced Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Zou ◽  
Yajie Zhao ◽  
Binbin Ding ◽  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Yeqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxygen Species

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is often limited by the overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the penetration depth of visible light. In view...

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Chen ◽  
Xingjing Luo ◽  
Zhenyou Zou ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms, play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present, pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects, weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients’ life. How to enhance the killing effect of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue. This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.

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