scholarly journals Benefits and Drawbacks of Harboring Plasmid pP32BP2, Identified in Arctic Psychrophilic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. DAB_AL32B

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ciok ◽  
Adrian Cegielski ◽  
Dariusz Bartosik ◽  
Lukasz Dziewit
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Measurable Activity ◽  
Alternative Carbon Source ◽  
The One ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Psychrobacter sp. DAB_AL32B, originating from Spitsbergen island (Arctic), carries the large plasmid pP32BP2 (54,438 bp). Analysis of the pP32BP2 nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of three predicted phenotypic modules that comprise nearly 30% of the plasmid genome. These modules appear to be involved in fimbriae synthesis via the chaperone-usher pathway (FIM module) and the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of carnitine (CAR and CAI modules, respectively). The FIM module was found to be functional in diverse hosts since it facilitated the attachment of bacterial cells to abiotic surfaces, enhancing biofilm formation. The CAI module did not show measurable activity in any of the tested strains. Interestingly, the CAR module enabled the enzymatic breakdown of carnitine, but this led to the formation of the toxic by-product trimethylamine, which inhibited bacterial growth. Thus, on the one hand, pP32BP2 can enhance biofilm formation, a highly advantageous feature in cold environments, while on the other, it may prevent bacterial growth under certain environmental conditions. The detrimental effect of harboring pP32BP2 (and its CAR module) seems to be conditional, since this replicon may also confer the ability to use carnitine as an alternative carbon source, although a pathway to utilize trimethylamine is most probably necessary to make this beneficial. Therefore, the phenotype determined by this CAR-containing plasmid depends on the metabolic background of the host strain.

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Application of Bacteriophages on Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Biofilm

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Nicola Mangieri ◽  
Roberto Foschino ◽  
Claudia Picozzi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria able to form biofilms both on abiotic surfaces and on food, thus increasing risks for food consumers. Moreover, biofilms are difficult to remove and more resistant to antimicrobial agents compared to planktonic cells. Bacteriophages, natural predators of bacteria, can be used as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation or to remove pre-formed biofilm. In this work, four STEC able to produce biofilm were selected among 31 different strains and tested against single bacteriophages and two-phage cocktails. Results showed that our phages were able to reduce biofilm formation by 43.46% both when used as single phage preparation and as a cocktail formulation. Since one of the two cocktails had a slightly better performance, it was used to remove pre-existing biofilms. In this case, the phages were unable to destroy the biofilms and reduce the number of bacterial cells. Our data confirm that preventing biofilm formation in a food plant is better than trying to remove a preformed biofilm and the continuous presence of bacteriophages in the process environment could reduce the number of bacteria able to form biofilms and therefore improve the food safety.

scholarly journals The Enterococcus faecalis fsr Two-Component System Controls Biofilm Development through Production of Gelatinase

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (17) ◽  
pp. 5629-5639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Hancock ◽  
Marta Perego
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Component System ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Bacterial growth as a biofilm on solid surfaces is strongly associated with the development of human infections. Biofilms on native heart valves (infective endocarditis) is a life-threatening disease as a consequence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in such a state. Enterococci have emerged as a cause of endocarditis and nosocomial infections despite being normal commensals of the gastrointestinal and female genital tracts. We examined the role of two-component signal transduction systems in biofilm formation by the Enterococcus faecalis V583 clinical isolate and identified the fsr regulatory locus as the sole two-component system affecting this unique mode of bacterial growth. Insertion mutations in the fsr operon affected biofilm formation on two distinct abiotic surfaces. Inactivation of the fsr-controlled gene gelE encoding the zinc-metalloprotease gelatinase was found to prevent biofilm formation, suggesting that this enzyme may present a unique target for therapeutic intervention in enterococcal endocarditis.

scholarly journals Changes in the Expression of Biofilm-Associated Surface Proteins inStaphylococcus aureusFood-Environmental Isolates Subjected to Sublethal Concentrations of Disinfectants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Cincarova ◽  
Ondrej Polansky ◽  
Vladimir Babak ◽  
Pavel Kulich ◽  
Petr Kralik
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Immunoglobulin Binding Protein ◽  
Chloramine T ◽  
Nucleic Acid Stain ◽  
Immunoglobulin Binding ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Sublethal concentrations (sub-MICs) of certain disinfectants are no longer effective in removing biofilms from abiotic surfaces and can even promote the formation of biofilms. Bacterial cells can probably adapt to these low concentrations of disinfectants and defend themselves by way of biofilm formation. In this paper, we report on threeStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm formers (strong B+++, moderate B++, and weak B+) that were cultivated with sub-MICs of commonly used disinfectants, ethanol or chloramine T, and quantified using Syto9 green fluorogenic nucleic acid stain. We demonstrate that 1.25–2.5% ethanol and 2500 μg/mL chloramine T significantly enhancedS. aureusbiofilm formation. To visualize differences in biofilm compactness betweenS. aureusbiofilms in control medium, 1.25% ethanol, or 2500 μg/mL chloramine T, scanning electron microscopy was used. To describe changes in abundance of surface-exposed proteins in ethanol- or chloramine T-treated biofilms, surface proteins were prepared using a novel trypsin shaving approach and quantified after dimethyl labeling by LC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS. Our data show that some proteins with adhesive functions and others with cell maintenance functions and virulence factor EsxA were significantly upregulated by both treatments. In contrast, immunoglobulin-binding protein A was significantly downregulated for both disinfectants. Significant differences were observed in the effect of the two disinfectants on the expression of surface proteins including some adhesins, foldase protein PrsA, and two virulence factors.

scholarly journals Surfactants Efficiency on Pentachlophenol Contaminated Wastewater Enhanced by Pseudomonas Putida AJ 785569

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
rim werheni Ammeri ◽  
yassin hidri ◽  
WAFA HASSRN ◽  
ines mehri ◽  
Nesrine khelifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
A Value ◽  
Biofilm Development

Abstract This study has objectives to assess the effects of some surfactants on (1) the bacterial growth, (2) PCP (800 mgL -1 ) rate removal, and at last (3) biofilm development. Three different surfactants are used in this case as anionic (SDS), no anionic Tween 80 (TW80) and cationic (CTAB). The results improve that there was an adsorption of PCP by the bacterial cells of around 30 mg . L -1 and PCP removal of around 720 mgL -1 after seven days. It appeared that the surfactant adding affected the bacterial growth and reach a maximum of PCP removal with SDS addition with a value 676.66 mg L -1 in S.WW then CTAB and TW80. Biofilm formation in BHI with PCP showed a clear acceleration and enhancement of this activity with SDS addition. Besides, biofilm morphotype of selected strain appeared affected in form, density, and colour after different situations of stress caused by various surfactants or PCP.

Process Description of an Unconventional Biofilm Formation by Bacterial Cells Autoagglutinating Through Sticky, Long, and Peritrichate Nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Furuichi ◽  
Shogo Yoshimoto ◽  
Tomohiro Inaba ◽  
Nobuhiko Nomura ◽  
Katsutoshi Hori
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Dlvo Theory ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Discontinuous Surface ◽  
Cell Cell

<p></p><p>Biofilms are used in environmental biotechnologies including waste treatment and environmentally friendly chemical production. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation is essential to control microbial behavior and improve environmental biotechnologies. <i>Acinetobacter </i>sp. Tol 5 autoagglutinate through the interaction of the long, peritrichate nanofiber protein AtaA, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin. Using AtaA, without cell growth or the production of extracellular polymeric substances, Tol 5 cells quickly form an unconventional biofilm. In this study, we investigated the formation process of this unconventional biofilm, which started with cell–cell interactions, proceeded to cell clumping, and led to the formation of large cell aggregates. The cell–cell interaction was described by DLVO theory based on a new concept, which considers two independent interactions between two cell bodies and between two AtaA fiber tips forming a virtual discontinuous surface. If cell bodies cannot collide owing to an energy barrier at low ionic strengths but approach within the interactive distance of AtaA fibers, cells can agglutinate through their contact. Cell clumping proceeds following the cluster–cluster aggregation model, and an unconventional biofilm containing void spaces and a fractal nature develops. Understanding its formation process would extend the utilization of various types of biofilms, enhancing environmental biotechnologies.</p><p></p>

Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Mujawdiya ◽  
Suman Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbes

: Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. : The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. : Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.

scholarly journals Motility activity, slime production, biofilm formation and genetic typing by ERIC-PCR for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from bovine and other sources (human and environment)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wolska ◽  
P. Szweda ◽  
K. Lada ◽  
E. Rytel ◽  
K. Gucwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Twitching Motility ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Initial Biofilm ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThe molecular-typing strategy, ERIC-PCR was used in an attempt to determine the genomic relationship of 28 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from faeces of healthy bovine, bovine mastitis and from faeces of hospital patients as well as from environment. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting revealed large molecular differentiation within this group of isolates. Twenty two out of 28 strains tested generated unique patterns of DNA bands and only three genotypes consisted of two isolates each were identified. We also tested the P. aeruginosa isolates for their ability to form a biofilm on abiotic surfaces including polyvinylchloride and polystyrene. Different biofilm-forming abilities were demonstrated among strains; however, most of them (64.3%) showed moderate-biofilm forming ability. The strains with increased swimming and twitching motility displayed elevated biofilm formation. However, a negative correlation was found between slime and initial biofilm production. On the basis of the results obtained, we suggest that there are no major differences in phenotypic properties between P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different sources

scholarly journals Effect of tannic and gallic acids alone or in combination with carbenicillin or tetracycline on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 growth, motility, and biofilm formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra H. Dusane ◽  
Che O’May ◽  
Nathalie Tufenkji
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

Chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections that are difficult to treat. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of selected tannins (tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA)) on bacterial growth, motility, antibiotic (carbenicillin, tetracycline) susceptibility, and biofilm formation. Both tannins, particularly TA, impaired bacterial growth levels and swimming motilities at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). In combination with tannins, antibiotics showed increased MICs, suggesting that tannins interfered with antibacterial activity. Sub-MICs of tetracycline or TA alone enhanced biofilm formation of C. violaceum; however, in combination, these compounds inhibited biofilm formation. In contrast, carbenicillin at sub-MICs was effective in inhibiting C. violaceum biofilm formation; however, in combination with lower concentrations of TA or GA, biofilms were enhanced. These results provide insights into the effects of tannins on C. violaceum growth and their varying interaction with antibiotics used to target C. violaceum infections.

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