scholarly journals The Role of the Immune System in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Bottomley ◽  
Jason Thomson ◽  
Catherine Harwood ◽  
Irene Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. In immunosuppressed populations it is a source of considerable morbidity and mortality due to its enhanced recurrence and metastatic potential. In common with many malignancies, leucocyte populations are both protective against cancer development and also play a role in ‘sculpting’ the nascent tumor, leading to loss of immunogenicity and tumor progression. UV radiation and chronic viral carriage may represent unique risk factors for cSCC development, and the immune system plays a key role in modulating the response to both. In this review, we discuss the lessons learned from animal and ex vivo human studies of the role of individual leucocyte subpopulations in the development of cutaneous SCC. We then discuss the insights into cSCC immunity gleaned from studies in humans, particularly in populations receiving pharmacological immunosuppression such as transplant recipients. Similar insights in other malignancies have led to exciting and novel immune therapies, which are beginning to emerge into the cSCC clinical arena.

scholarly journals Tumor microenvironment and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Areeg Elmusrati ◽  
Justin Wang ◽  
Cun-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Advanced Therapies

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options outside of regional surgery, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and irradiation. Increasing studies have supported the synergistic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer advancement. The immune system, in particular, plays a key role in surveillance against the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC. The understanding of how neoplastic cells evolve and evade the immune system whether through self-immunogenicity manipulation, or expression of immunosuppressive mediators, provides the foundation for the development of advanced therapies. Furthermore, the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system have a detrimental effect on the TME promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review provides a recent insight into the role of the key inflammatory cells infiltrating the TME, with a focus on reviewing immunological principles related to HNSCC, as cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape, including a brief overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals Huaier Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the Methylation Levels of CDKN2A and TP53

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542110316
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
A431 Cells

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a malignant tumor that originates from keratinocytes in the epidermis or appendage. Traditional Chinese medicine Huaier has anti-tumor activity in various malignancies. Little is known about the role of Huaier in CSCC. Here, we investigated the function of Huaier in CSCC. We treated CSCC cell line (SCL-1 and A431) with a series of concentration gradients of Huaier to examine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Huaier on SCL-1 and A431 cells. The IC50 of Huaier on growth of SCL-1 and A431 cells were 6.96 and 7.57 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, Huaier reduced the methylation levels of CDKN2A and TP53, and enhanced the expression of CDKN2A and TP53 in SCL-1 and A431 cells in a dosage-dependent manner. The expression of DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 was severely repressed by Huaier treatment in SCL-1 and A431 cells. DNMT1 overexpression enhanced the methylation levels of CDKN2A and TP53, and suppressed the expression of CDKN2A and TP53 in Huaier-treated SCL-1 and A431 cells. Huaier treatment inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCL-1 and A431 cells. However, inhibition of CDKN2A or TP53 reversed the influence of Huaier treatment on proliferation, migration, and invasion of CSCC cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Huaier inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of CSCC cells by regulating DNA methylation of CDKN2A and TP53, thereby attenuating the progression of CSCC. Thus, Huaier extract may act as a drug for treating CSCC.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq Profiling of Circular RNAs and the Oncogenic Role of circPVT1 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 6777-6788
Author(s):  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Junli Ding ◽  
Yunlin Wang ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq

Abstract 3609: Fibroblast influence on keratinocyte tumorigenic and metastatic potential in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Curtis Gwilliam ◽  
Alexander CVitan ◽  
Nicholas Watson ◽  
Lauren Falkenberg ◽  
Nyousha Yousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

scholarly journals An Emerging Issue in Oncogenic Virology: the Role of Beta Human Papillomavirus Types in the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana E. Rollison ◽  
Daniele Viarisio ◽  
Rossybelle P. Amorrortu ◽  
Tarik Gheit ◽  
Massimo Tommasino
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Malignant Phenotype ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
High Risk Populations

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that beta human papillomaviruses (HPVs), together with ultraviolet radiation, contribute to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Beta HPVs appear to be not the main drivers of carcinogenesis but rather facilitators of the accumulation of ultraviolet-induced DNA mutations. Beta HPVs are promoters of skin carcinogenesis, although they are dispensable for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Therefore, beta HPV represents a target for skin cancer prevention, especially in high-risk populations.

scholarly journals The Role of Total Parotidectomy for Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Malignant Melanoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Thom ◽  
Eric J. Moore ◽  
Daniel L. Price ◽  
Jan L. Kasperbauer ◽  
Sidney J. Starkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Total Parotidectomy
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