scholarly journals The Effect of Maternal Intact Protein- and Amino Acid-Based Diets on Development of Food Intake Regulatory Systems and Body Weight in Dams and Male Offspring of Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jahan-mihan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Regulatory Systems

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of maternal and weaning intact protein- and amino acid-based diets on regulation of food intake, intake regulatory hormones, and body weight in dams and their male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated to two groups (n = 12) and were fed either an intact protein diet (IPD) or mixed amino acid diet (AAD) from day 3 of gestation throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to either an IPD or AAD for 18 weeks. Food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured weekly. Results: In dams, the AAD group had lower FI and BW in the post-partum period compared with the IPD group. In pups born to AAD dams, birth weight and BW were lower. However, the percentage of fat and lean mass were not affected. Food intake was influenced by maternal diet and was higher in pups born to IPD dams throughout post-weaning. Short-term FI in response to protein preloads was lower in pups born to AAD dams in 1 h. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were not influenced by either maternal or weaning diet. However, peptide YY (PYY) was higher in pups born to IPD dams at weaning. Conclusions: The physicochemical properties of proteins fed during pregnancy and lactation had determining effects on the body weight and development of food intake regulatory systems in offspring. Maternal AAD resulted in lower BW in dams and lower birth weight and post-weaning BWs in pups compared with maternal IPD which was consistent with their lower FI.

scholarly journals Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation (Kemite) on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GNANGORAN Boua Narcisse ◽  
Traoré Moussa ◽  
YAPO Angoué Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Fat Pad

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. This pathology is a real public health problem. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antiobesity efficacy of aqueous extract of Kemite in cafeteria diet induced obese Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Aqueous extract of Kemite (AEK) was prepared by hot extraction method. Female Wistar rats weighing 124-170 g were divided into different groups i.e. Normal control, cafeteria control and aqueous extract of Kemite at dose of 200 mg/kg bw. The antiobesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, food intake, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), blood glucose (BG), ASAT and ALAT activities, atherogenic index, coronary risk index and liver and fat pad weights. Results showed Cafeteria diet fed rats for 28 successive days significantly increased the body weight, food intake, ASAT and ALAT activities, liver and fat pad weights, atherogenic index, coronary risk index TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, BG and not influenced HDL levels. Rats treated with extract for 28 successive days along with cafeteria diet reversed the effects induced by cafeteria diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that AEK may be a natural and safe remedy for the prevention and control of obesity.

Role of methyl group vitamins in hypothalamic development of food intake regulation in Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara E. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

High multivitamin diets (HV; 10-fold AIN-93G) fed during pregnancy to Wistar rats produce offspring with increased food intake, obesity, and characteristics of metabolic syndrome. The hypothesis that methyl group vitamins in HV gestational and pup diets modify expression of the obesogenic phenotypes in the offspring through their effects on hypothalamic feeding pathways was tested by 4 studies. In studies 1 and 2, dams were fed the AIN-93G diet with recommended vitamin (RV), HV, high methyl vitamins (10-fold folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6) (HMethyl), or HV with normal folate (HVNF) and male offspring were weaned to a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In studies 3 and 4, dams were fed RV, HV, or high 10-fold folate (HFol), and male offspring were weaned to RV, HV, or HFol diets for 29 weeks. The results were as follows: (i) HV and HMethyl diets increased obesogenic phenotypes and altered hypothalamic regulation of food intake and metabolism concurrent with epigenetic effects on gene expression. (ii) Removing folate additions to the HV diet showed that folate contributes to the obesogenic phenotype in the offspring and epigenetic alterations in the hypothalamus that favour increased food intake. (iii) Matching pup diet vitamin content with that of the HV and HFol diet-fed dams prevented their increased food intake, body weight, and insulin resistance when weaned to the RV diet. (iv) Both HFol gestational and pup diets altered hypothalamic feeding pathways through DNA methylation, showing that epigenetic effects of these vitamins occur not only in utero but also postnatally. In conclusion, methyl group vitamins in HV gestational and pup diets modify expression of the obesogenic phenotypes and hypothalamic food intake regulatory systems in the Wistar rat offspring.

Protein, acetate and propionate for roughage-fed lambs. 1. Body and blood composition

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. J. van Houtert ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractSixty castrated male lambs fca. 37 kg) were allocated to an initial slaughter group (no. = 12) or to one of six treatment groups (no. = 8). Chopped oaten hay (sprayed with 10 g urea per kg) was offered ad libitum with 57 gjday chopped lucerne hay. Additional supplements were 0 or 57 g/day formaldehyde-treated casein (protected casein) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at ca. 1·45 MJ gross energy per day. The VFAs given were acetate or propionate or a mixture of these (molar ratio 4: 1). Daily food intake and weekly live-weight (LW) gain were measured and rumen fluid and blood were collected. The lambs were shorn, slaughtered and body composition was determined.Food intake (g/kg LW) was not affected by treatments. Supplementation with protected casein increased LW gain and wool growth. Supplementation with propionate reduced LW gain, but not when given with protected casein. Plasma concentrations of urea-nitrogen and insulin were increased, and plasma somatotropin decreased in lambs given protected casein. Final body content of water, fat, protein and gross energy, adjusted to the mean fleece/digesta-free body weight of 36·5 kg, was not affected by the treatments. The partitioning of water, fat and energy between the carcass and the rest of the body was affected by the treatments. Excretion of VFAs in urine was measured in two sheep in experiment 2, and was negligible compared with the quantity of VFAs given. It is concluded that energy from salts of VFAs, in particular propionate, is used inefficiently for body-weight gain in lambs given low-protein roughage diets. The nutritional treatments had only marginal effects on the composition of body gain.

scholarly journals Overweight Humans Are Resistant to the Weight-Reducing Effects of Melanocortin4–10

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Hallschmid ◽  
Rüdiger Smolnik ◽  
Gerard McGregor ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Horst L. Fehm
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
Overweight Subjects

Context: By enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing appetite, melanocortin peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin play a primary role in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight. In a recent study in normal-weight adults, the 6-wk intranasal administration of the MSH/ACTH4–10 core fragment of proopiomelanocortin resulted in a distinct reduction of body weight and body fat, accompanied by significant decreases in leptin and insulin plasma concentrations. Objective: The present study aimed to generalize this finding to overweight patients. Design, Subjects, and Intervention: MSH/ACTH4–10 (0.5 mg) and placebo were intranasally administered once in the morning and once in the evening over a period of 12 wk in 23 overweight men (body mass index, mean ± sem: 29.72 ± 0.43 kg/m2). Results: MSH/ACTH4–10 did not induce any significant reduction in body weight, body fat, and plasma levels of insulin and leptin as compared with the effects of placebo. Melanocortin treatment was accompanied by reduced cortisol concentrations. Conclusions: We conclude that contrasting with normal-weight humans, overweight subjects are not susceptible to the effects of melanocortin administration on hypothalamic weight regulatory systems. In overweight subjects, a decreased sensitivity to ACTH/MSH peptides may derive from alterations at the level of the melanocortin receptor or at subsequent steps in the processing of the body fat signal.

Effect of protein source in diets fed during gestation and lactation on food intake regulation in male offspring of Wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1175-R1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jahan-mihan ◽  
Chris E. Smith ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Intake Regulation

We hypothesized that protein source in the nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diets fed during gestation, lactation, and weaning influences food intake (FI) regulation in male offspring of Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were fed the recommended casein-based (C) or soy protein-based (S) diet during gestation ( experiment 1) or during gestation and lactation ( experiment 2). Pups (n = 12 per group) weaned to C or S diets were followed for 9 wk ( experiment 1) or 14 wk ( experiment 2). At termination, body weight was 5.4% and 9.4% higher, respectively, in offspring of dams fed the S diet. Altered FI regulation was shown by failure of devazepide (a CCK-A receptor blocker) to block FI reduction after protein preloads in offspring of S diet-fed dams, whereas it had a strong effect on offspring of C diet-fed dams ( P < 0.005). Similarly, naloxone (an opioid receptor blocker) blocked FI reduction more after casein than after soy protein preloads ( P < 0.01). In experiment 2, offspring of dams fed the S diet had higher hypothalamic gene expression of agouti related protein at weaning ( P < 0.05), and higher FI was found throughout postweaning ( P < 0.0001). FI reduction after protein preloads at week 7 and after glucose preloads at week 13 was greater in offspring of C diet-fed dams ( P < 0.05). Plasma insulin at weaning and insulin, ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 at week 15 were higher in offspring of S diet-fed dams (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, nutritionally complete C and S diets consumed during gestation and lactation differ in their effects on body weight and FI regulation in the offspring. Extending the diet from gestation alone to throughout gestation and lactation exaggerated the adverse effects of the S diet. However, the diet consumed postweaning had little effect on the outcome.

scholarly journals One-month of high-intensity exercise did not change the food intake and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y expression levels in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Khajehnasiri ◽  
Homayoun Khazali ◽  
Farzam Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Mahnaz Ghowsi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractObjective. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) circuitries are involved in the inhibition and stimulation of the appetite, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one-month lasting high-intensity exercise on the POMC mRNA and NPY mRNA expression in the above-mentioned brain structure and appetite and food intake levels.Methods. Fourteen male Wistar rats (250±50 g) were used and kept in the well-controlled conditions (22±2 °C, 50±5% humidity, and 12 h dark/light cycle) with food and water ad libitum. The rats were divided into two groups (n=7): 1) control group (C, these rats served as controls) and 2) exercised group (RIE, these rats performed a high-intensity exercise for one month (5 days per week) 40 min daily with speed 35 m/min. The total exercise time was 60 min. The body weight and food intake were recorded continuously during the experiments.Results. The results showed relative mRNA expression of POMC and NPY estimated in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. There were no significant differences in the NPY and POMC mRNAs expression levels and food intake between C and RIE groups.Conclusions. The present data indicate that one-month regular intensive exercise did not alter the levels of NPY and POMC mRNAs expression (as two important factors in the regulation of appetite) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and food intake suggesting that this type of exercise itself is not an appropriate procedure for the body weight reduction.

The Plasma Concentrations of the Anorexigenic PYY and Orexigenic Ghrelin Decrease and Increase Respectively during Chemotherapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, as the Leukemic Burden Is Gradually Eliminated and the Body Weight Improves.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4541-4541
Author(s):  
Maria Moschovi ◽  
Maria Vounatsou ◽  
Ioannis Papassotiriou ◽  
George P. Chrousos ◽  
Fotini Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Abstract Anorexia and cachexia are common manifestations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at diagnosis. Possible mediators of the anorexia-cachexia syndrome are hormones, cytokines, and adipokines from peripheral tissues, and neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines, and other hormones in the hypothalamus. Peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin are gastrointestinal track-derived hormones involved in the short- and long-term regulation of food intake and energy balance. PYY, synthesized mainly by endocrine cells of the terminal ileum and colon, is released into the systemic circulation in response to a meal and participates in signalling the end of the meal at the hypothalamus. PYY exerts its pro-satiety actions possibly through an Y2 receptor-mediated mechanism. Ghrelin, secreted predominantly from X/A-like endocrine cells of the oxyntic glands of the stomach, is primarily secreted in the fasting state, with plasma concentrations falling within one hour of a meal. Its role in food intake and energy balance is opposite to that of PYY, as it exerts orexigenic effects through activation of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-Y1 (NPY-Y1) pathway. We evaluated the secretion of PYY and ghrelin at diagnosis and during chemotherapy in children with ALL. Ten patients aged 2-7years were included in this perspective study. All patients were treated following the same protocol (HOPDA97)1. A physical examination was performed and blood chemistries were evaluated by standard techniques. Preprandial PYY and active ghrelin levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassays (Linco Research, Inc., USA). Measurements were performed at diagnosis prior to chemotherapy and at several time points prior to each next cycle of chemotherapy for up to 18 months (6–10 measurements per patient). Baseline PYY levels were 213.2±85.3pg/ml, increased significantly to 283.9±72.9pg/ml after the induction and consolidation phase of chemotherapy, and returned progressively to pre-treatment levels at the 6th cycle of the maintenance phase. Baseline active ghrelin concentrations at diagnosis were low (32.6±8.6pg/ml), fluctuated throughout the study period and stabilized at significantly higher levels (57.4±31.6pg/ml) after the 8th cycle of maintenance phase of chemotherapy. These data suggest that in children with ALL and anorexia-cachexia the levels of PYY decrease with time, as the leukemic burden is eliminated. In contrast, active ghrelin levels are relatively low at diagnosis, remain low during the early cycles of chemotherapy, but normalize with the elimination of the leukemic burden, paralleling the body weight gain trajectory.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kurang Tidur terhadap Berat Badan pada Tikus Wistar Jantan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deby Nelsya Eka Putri ◽  
Ellyza Nasrul ◽  
Machdawaty Masri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Platform ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
One Way Anova

AbstrakPengurangan durasi tidur menurunkan kadar leptin dan meningkatkan kadar ghrelin sehingga merangsang nafsu makan dan meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya obesitas pada manusia. Pada tikus akan menyebabkan peningkatan asupan makanan tetapi terjadi penurunan berat badan yang disebabkan karena aktivitas yang tinggi pada tikus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh kurang tidur 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam terhadap berat badan pada tikus Wistar jantan. Jenis penelitian adalah true experimental research dengan rancangan randomized post control group terhadap 14 ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi atas kelompok kontrol, kelompok perlakuan 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam. Tikus dikondisikan mengalami paradoxycal sleep deprivation dengan metode modified multiple platform. Asupan makanan diberikan ad libitum dan berat badan diukur setelah pengurangan durasi tidur selama 24 jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam.Analisis data menggunakan uji Saphiro-Wilk Test dan One-Way ANOVA. Rerata berat badan setelah pengurangan durasi tidur 24 jam adalah 193,6±17,9 gram; setelah 48 jam 179,6±17,3 gram; dan setelah 72 jam 176,7±15,9 gram dibandingkan dengan kontrol 219.6±11,3 gram. Pengurangan durasi tidur 48 jam dan 72 jam dibandingkan dengan kontrol bermakna (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan berat badan pada pengurangan durasi tidur selama 48 jam dan 72 jam.Kata kunci: kurang tidur, berat badan, tikus wistarAbstractSleep deprivation lowers level of leptin and increases level of ghrelin which stimulates appetite and increases the likelihood of obesity in humans. In mice will increases food intake, but decreases the body weight due to high activity in mice. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sleep deprivation 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours on body weight in male Wistar rats. This type of research was a true experimental design research with post randomized control group on 14 Wistar rats were divided into control group, treatment group 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Rats conditioned paradoxycal sleep deprivation experienced by the modified multiple platform method. Given ad libitum food intake and body weight were measured after sleep deprivation for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Analysis of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk Test and One-Way ANOVA. The mean of body weight after 24 hour sleep deprivation was 193.6±17.9 g, after 48 hours was 179.6±17.3 g, and after 72 hours was 176.7±15.9 g compared with control was 219.6±11.3 g. Sleep deprivation 48 hours and 72 hours compared with controls was significant (p<0.05). It can be concluded there was reduction of body weight on sleep deprivation for 48 hours and 72 hours.Keywords: sleep deprivation, weight, rats

scholarly journals Increased Energy Expenditure Contributes More to the Body Weight-Reducing Effect of Rimonabant than Reduced Food Intake in Candy-Fed Wistar Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 2557-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas W. Herling ◽  
Susanne Kilp ◽  
Ralf Elvert ◽  
Guido Haschke ◽  
Werner Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Stores

The CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, affects the endocannabinoid system and causes a sustained reduction in body weight (BW) despite the transient nature of the reduction in food intake. Therefore, in a multiple-dose study, female candy-fed Wistar rats were treated with rimonabant (10 mg/kg) and matched with pair-fed rats to distinguish between hypophagic action and hypothesized effects on energy expenditure. Within the first week of treatment, rimonabant reduced BW nearly to levels of standard rat chow-fed rats. Evaluation of energy balance (energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in relation to metabolizable energy intake calculated by bomb calorimetry) revealed that increased energy expenditure based on increased fat oxidation contributed more to sustained BW reduction than reduced food intake. A mere food reduction through pair feeding did not result in comparable effects because animals reduced their energy expenditure to save energy stores. Because fat oxidation measured by indirect calorimetry increased immediately after dosing in the postprandial state, the acute effect of rimonabant on lipolysis was investigated in postprandial male rats. Rimonabant elevated free fatty acids postprandially, demonstrating an inherent pharmacological activity of rimonabant to induce lipolysis and not secondarily postabsorptively due to reduced food intake. We conclude that the weight-reducing effect of rimonabant was due to continuously elevated energy expenditure based on increased fat oxidation driven by lipolysis from fat tissue as long as fat stores were elevated. When the amount of endogenous fat stores declined, rimonabant-induced increased energy expenditure was maintained by a re-increase in food intake.

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