scholarly journals The Olfactory System of Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Neurotoxicity and Injury: Implications for Neuroplasticity and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Calvo-Ochoa ◽  
Christine Byrd-Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
Odor Signals

The olfactory system, composed of the olfactory organs and the olfactory bulb, allows organisms to interact with their environment and through the detection of odor signals. Olfaction mediates behaviors pivotal for survival, such as feeding, mating, social behavior, and danger assessment. The olfactory organs are directly exposed to the milieu, and thus are particularly vulnerable to damage by environmental pollutants and toxicants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and surfactants, among others. Given the widespread occurrence of olfactory toxicants, there is a pressing need to understand the effects of these harmful compounds on olfactory function. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable model for studying human physiology, disease, and toxicity. Additionally, the anatomical components of the zebrafish olfactory system are similar to those of other vertebrates, and they present a remarkable degree of regeneration and neuroplasticity, making it an ideal model for the study of regeneration, reorganization and repair mechanisms following olfactory toxicant exposure. In this review, we focus on (1) the anatomical, morphological, and functional organization of the olfactory system of zebrafish; (2) the adverse effects of olfactory toxicants and injury to the olfactory organ; and (3) remodeling and repair neuroplasticity mechanisms following injury and degeneration by olfactory toxicant exposure.

scholarly journals Environmental pollutants-dependent molecular pathways and carcinogenesis

Biodiscovery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam El Helou ◽  
Pascale A. Cohen ◽  
Mona Diab-Assaf ◽  
Sandra Ghayad
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Gene Repair ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Signal ◽  
And Function ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Exposure to environmental pollutants can modulate many biological and molecular processes such as gene expression, gene repair mechanisms, hormone production and function and inflammation, resulting in adverse effects on human health including the occurrence and development of different types of cancer. Carcinogenesis is a complex and long process, taking place in multiple stages and is affected by multiple factors. Some environmental molecules are genotoxic, able to damage the DNA or to induce mutations and changes in gene expression acting as initiators of carcinogenesis. Other molecules called xenoestrogens can promote carcinogenesis by their mitogenic effects by possessing estrogenic-like activities and consequently acting as endocrine disruptors causing multiple alterations in cellular signal transduction pathways. In this review, we focus on recent research on environmental chemicals-driven molecular functions in human cancers. For this purpose, we will be discussing the case of two receptors in mediating environmental pollutants effects: the established nuclear receptor, the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the emerging membrane receptor, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1).

scholarly journals Expression of RPRM/rprm in the Olfactory System of Embryonic Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Stanic ◽  
Alonso Quiroz ◽  
Carmen G. Lemus ◽  
Ignacio A. Wichmann ◽  
Alejandro H. Corvalán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Olfactory System

The functional organization of the fish olfactory system

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hassan Hamdani ◽  
Kjell B. Døving
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Functional Organization

scholarly journals Ocular Motoneuron Pools Develop Along a Dorsoventral Axis in Zebrafish, Danio rerio

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie R. Greaney ◽  
Ann E. Privorotskiy ◽  
Kristen P. D’Elia ◽  
David Schoppik
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Dorsoventral Axis ◽  
Systems Neuroscience ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Temporal Cues

Both spatial and temporal cues determine the fate of immature neurons. A major challenge at the interface of developmental and systems neuroscience is to relate this spatiotempo-ral trajectory of maturation to circuit-level functional organization. This study examined the development of two ocular cranial motor nuclei (nIII and nIV), structures in which a motoneuron’s identity, or choice of muscle partner, defines its behavioral role. We used retro-orbital dye fills, in combination with fluorescent markers for motoneuron location and birth-date, to probe spatial and temporal organization of the oculomotor (nIII) and trochlear (nIV) nuclei in the larval zebrafish. We described a dorsoventral organization of the four nIII motoneuron pools, in which inferior and medial rectus motoneurons occupy dorsal nIII, while inferior oblique and superior rectus motoneurons occupy distinct divisions of ventral nIII. Dorsal nIII motoneurons are, moreover, born before motoneurons of ventral nIII and nIV. Order of neurogenesis can therefore account for the dorsoventral organization of nIII and may play a primary role in determining motoneuron identity. We propose that the temporal development of ocular motoneurons plays a key role in assembling a functional oculomotor circuit.

scholarly journals An update on anatomy and function of the teleost olfactory system

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Olivares ◽  
Oliver Schmachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Odor Coding ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
And Function

About half of all extant vertebrates are teleost fishes. Although our knowledge about anatomy and function of their olfactory systems still lags behind that of mammals, recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have provided us with a wealth of novel information about the sense of smell in this important animal group. Its paired olfactory organs contain up to five types of olfactory receptor neurons expressing OR, TAAR, VR1- and VR2-class odorant receptors associated with individual transduction machineries. The different types of receptor neurons are preferentially tuned towards particular classes of odorants, that are associated with specific behaviors, such as feeding, mating or migration. We discuss the connections of the receptor neurons in the olfactory bulb, the differences in bulbar circuitry compared to mammals, and the characteristics of second order projections to telencephalic olfactory areas, considering the everted ontogeny of the teleost telencephalon. The review concludes with a brief overview of current theories about odor coding and the prominent neural oscillations observed in the teleost olfactory system.

scholarly journals Cell damage in Danio rerio erythrocytes subjected to anthropized water

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Manoel Francisco Mendes Lassen ◽  
Jefferson Frohlich ◽  
Rodrigo Patera Barcelos ◽  
Roberta Daniele Klein ◽  
Fernando Henrique Borba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Nuclear Abnormalities ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Northwest Region

Several factors can lead to alterations of water quality in aquatic environments, leading to numerous consequences for the organisms that inhabit it. The water bodies located in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul periodically receive pollutants that may have genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic properties, which affect the genetic integrity of organisms living there. This research analyzed the cytological responses of Danio rerio exposed to anthropized fresh water from the Ijuí River by the micronucleus method as well as by observing nuclear abnormalities in their erythrocytes. The data collected demonstrated higher values of erythrocytes with NA than with MN, suggesting that the cells are efficient in the repair mechanisms required when facing genotoxic substances.

scholarly journals The Importance of Zebrafish in Biomedical Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Bárbara Tavares ◽  
Susana Santos Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Vertebrate Development ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Research Drug

Introduction: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal model organism for the study of vertebrate development. This is due to the large clutches that each couple produces, with up to 200 embryos every 7 days, and to the fact that the embryos and larvae are small, transparent and undergo rapid external development.Material and Methods: Using scientific literature research tools available online and the keywords Zebrafish, biomedical research, human disease, and drug screening, we reviewed original studies and reviews indexed in PubMed.Results: In this review we summarized work conducted with this model for the advancement of our knowledge related to several human diseases. We also focused on the biomedical research being performed in Portugal with the zebrafish model.Discussion: Powerful live imaging and genetic tools are currently available for zebrafish making it a valuable model in biomedicalresearch. The combination of these properties with the optimization of automated systems for drug screening has transformed the zebrafish into a “top model” in biomedical research, drug discovery and toxicity testing. Furthermore, with the optimization of xenografts technology it will be possible to use zebrafish to aide in the choice of the best therapy for each patient.Conclusion: Zebrafish is an excellent model organism in biomedical research, drug development and in clinical therapy.

scholarly journals Expression of olfactory receptors during development in Xenopus laevis

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mezler ◽  
S. Konzelmann ◽  
J. Freitag ◽  
P. Rossler ◽  
H. Breer
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Marker Protein ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

A coordinated expression of tissue- and cell-specific genes during development is required to establish the complex functional organization of the vertebrate olfactory system. Owing to the unique features of its olfactory system and the well-characterized phases of its development, Xenopus laevis was chosen as a model organism to study the onset and the temporal and spatial patterns of expression of olfactory-specific genes. Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, it was found that expression of Xenopus olfactory marker protein and of class I receptors, which are thought to be responsible for the perception of water-soluble odorants, was detectable as early as stage 32, less than 2 days after fertilization. In contrast, expression of class II receptors, which are thought to recognize airborne odours, was not detected before stage 49, approximately 12 days after fertilization. The results indicate that the expression of olfactory receptors and marker protein is governed by temporally regulated cues during development.

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