scholarly journals Accelerated CO2 Hydration with Thermostable Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense Carbonic Anhydrase-Chitin Binding Domain Fusion Protein Immobilised on Chitin Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Hou ◽  
Xingkang Li ◽  
Michal Kaczmarek ◽  
Pengyu Chen ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Fusion Partner ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chitin Binding Domain ◽  
Fusion Enzyme

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) represent a group of enzymes that catalyse important reactions of carbon dioxide hydration and dehydration, a reaction crucial to many biological processes and environmental biotechnology. In this study we successfully constructed a thermostable fusion enzyme composed of the Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense carbonic anhydrase (Saz_CA), the fastest CA discovered to date, and the chitin binding domain (ChBD) of chitinase from Bacillus circulans. Introduction of ChBD to the Saz_CA had no major impact on the effect of ions or inhibitors on the enzymatic activity. The fusion protein exhibited no negative effects up to 60 °C, whilst the fusion partner appears to protect the enzyme from negative effects of magnesium. The prepared biocatalyst appears to be thermally activated at 60 °C and could be partially purified with heat treatment. Immobilisation attempts on different kinds of chitin-based support results have shown that the fusion enzyme preferentially binds to a cheap, untreated chitin with a large crystallinity index over more processed forms of chitin. It suggests significant potential economic benefits for large-scale deployment of immobilised CA technologies such as CO2 utilisation or mineralisation.

Screening for the FV: Q506 Mutation – Evaluation of Thirteen Plasma-based Methods for their Diagnostic Efficacy in Comparison with DNA Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Tripodi ◽  
Barbara Negri ◽  
Rogier M Bertina ◽  
Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Dna Test

SummaryThe factor V (FV) mutation Q506 that causes resistance to activated protein C (APC) is the genetic defect associated most frequently with venous thrombosis. The laboratory diagnosis can be made by DNA analysis or by clotting tests that measure the degree of prolongation of plasma clotting time upon addition of APC. Home-made and commercial methods are available but no comparative evaluation of their diagnostic efficacy has so far been reported. Eighty frozen coded plasma samples from carriers and non-carriers of the FV: Q506 mutation, diagnosed by DNA analysis, were sent to 8 experienced laboratories that were asked to analyze these samples in blind with their own APC resistance tests. The APTT methods were highly variable in their capacity to discriminate between carriers and non-carriers but this capacity increased dramatically when samples were diluted with FV-deficient plasma before analysis, bringing the sensitivity and specificity of these tests to 100%. The best discrimination was obtained with methods in which fibrin formation is triggered by the addition of activated factor X or Russell viper venom. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that some coagulation tests are able to distinguish carriers of the FV: Q506 mutation from non-carriers as well as the DNA test. They are inexpensive and easy to perform. Their use in large-scale clinical trials should be of help to determine the medical and economic benefits of screening healthy individuals for the mutation before they are exposed to such risk factors for venous thrombosis as surgery, pregnancy and oral contraceptives.

Economic benefit of shale gas exploitation based on back propagation neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8823-8830
Author(s):  
Jiafeng Li ◽  
Hui Hu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Qian Jin ◽  
Tianhao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Back Propagation Neural Network ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Well Production

Under the influence of COVID-19, the economic benefits of shale gas development are greatly affected. With the large-scale development and utilization of shale gas in China, it is increasingly important to assess the economic impact of shale gas development. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for predicting the production of shale gas reservoirs, and uses back propagation (BP) neural network to nonlinearly fit reservoir reconstruction data to obtain shale gas well production forecasting models. Experiments show that compared with the traditional BP neural network, the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of the prediction. There is a nonlinear correlation between reservoir reconstruction data and gas well production, which does not apply to traditional linear prediction methods

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ В РАМКАХ «КАПИТАЛИЗМА ПЛАТФОРМ»

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
L. V. Tomin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Integrated Information

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure, the peculiarities of functioning and the socio-economic and political effects of the «platform capitalism». The basis of this model is the network effects produced by the integrated information and communication infrastructure, which contribute to the monopolization and the constant expansion of platform companies into new areas. The principle of functioning of this infrastructure is the continuous collection and further monetization of data extracted from the interactions of individuals among themselves or with one of the elements of a digitalized economy or government structures. Such an infrastructure — forms a potential threat of strengthening state and corporate control over citizens. In addition, the activities of platform companies produce negative effects on the labor market, reinforcing the process of precarization of employment. The integrated information and communication infrastructure of platform companies form a system of a kind of «digital Taylorism», which deprives the employee of autonomy and privacy in the workplace. The influence of digitalization, subjected to the technocratic logic of the neoliberal model of governance in democratic countries, strengthens the de-politicization of relations between the citizen and the state and further changes the balance of power between labor and capital in favor of the latter. Large-scale protests of the last years against the companies of “capitalism of platforms” demonstrated the structural contradictions of this model and formed new forms of organization and actions of grassroots workers of the “digital economy”.

Towards Control of an Estuary

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Henk L. F. Saeijs
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intertidal Flats ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Short Time

The Delta Project is in its final stage. In 1974 it was subjected to political reconsideration, but it is scheduled now for completion in 1987. The final touches are being put to the storm-surge barrier and two compartment dams that divide the Oosterschelde into three areas: one tidal, one with reduced tide, and one a freshwater lake. Compartmentalization will result in 13% of channels, 45% of intertidal flats and 59% of salt marshes being lost. There is a net gain of 7% of shallow-water areas. Human interventions with large scale impacts are not new in the Oosterschelde but the large scale and short time in which these interventions are taking place are, as is the creation of a controlled tidal system. This article focusses on the area with reduced tide and compares resent day and expected characteristics. In this reduced tidal part salt marshes will extend by 30–70%; intertidal flats will erode to a lower level and at their edges, and the area of shallow water will increase by 47%. Biomass production on the intertidal flats will decrease, with consequences for crustaceans, fishes and birds. The maximum number of waders counted on one day and the number of ‘bird-days' will decrease drastically, with negative effects for the wader populations of western Europe. The net area with a hard substratum in the reduced tidal part has more than doubled. Channels will become shallower. Detritus import will not change significantly. Stratification and oxygen depletion will be rare and local. The operation of the storm-surge barrier and the closure strategy chosen are very important for the ecosystem. Two optional closure strategies can be followed without any additional environmental consequences. It was essential to determine a clearly defined plan of action for the whole area, and to make land-use choices from the outset. How this was done is briefly described.

Are Carbonic Anhydrases Suitable Targets to Fight Protozoan Parasitic Diseases?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (39) ◽  
pp. 5266-5278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia D'Ambrosio ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Giuseppina De Simone
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Protozoans belonging to Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera provoke widespread parasitic diseases with few treatment options and many of the clinically used drugs experiencing an extensive drug resistance phenomenon. In the last several years, the metalloenzyme Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned and characterized in the genome of these protozoa, with the aim to search for a new drug target for fighting malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. P. falciparum encodes for a CA (PfCA) belonging to a novel genetic family, the η-CA class, L. donovani chagasi for a β-CA (LdcCA), whereas T. cruzi genome contains an α-CA (TcCA). These three enzymes were characterized in detail and a number of in vitro potent and selective inhibitors belonging to the sulfonamide, thiol, dithiocarbamate and hydroxamate classes were discovered. Some of these inhibitors were also effective in cell cultures and animal models of protozoan infections, making them of considerable interest for the development of new antiprotozoan drugs with a novel mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Two Types of Surface Displayed Levansucrases for Levan Biosynthesis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Huiyi Shang ◽  
Danni Yang ◽  
Dairong Qiao ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Yi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Display ◽  
Yeast Surface Display ◽  
Fusion Partner ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Yeast Surface ◽  
The Stability

Levan has wide applications in chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The free levansucrase is usually used in the biosynthesis of levan, but the poor reusability and low stability of free levansucrase have limited its large-scale use. To address this problem, the surface-displayed levansucrase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were generated and evaluated in this study. The levansucrase from Zymomonas mobilis was displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 using a various yeast surface display platform. The N-terminal fusion partner is based on a-agglutinin, and the C-terminal one is Flo1p. The yield of levan produced by these two whole-cell biocatalysts reaches 26 g/L and 34 g/L in 24 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the stability of the surface-displayed levansucrases is significantly enhanced. After six reuses, these two biocatalysts retained over 50% and 60% of their initial activities, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular weight and polydispersity test of the products suggested that the whole-cell biocatalyst of levansucrase displayed by Flo1p has more potentials in the production of levan with low molecular weight which is critical in certain applications. In conclusion, our method not only enable the possibility to reuse the enzyme, but also improves the stability of the enzyme.

scholarly journals Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Pål Börjesson ◽  
Blas Mola-Yudego ◽  
Göran Berndes ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Eu Policies

AbstractWithin the scope of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in coherence with other EU policies, new incentives are developed for farmers to deploy practices that are beneficial for climate, water, soil, air, and biodiversity. Such practices include establishment of multifunctional biomass production systems, designed to reduce environmental impacts while providing biomass for food, feed, bioenergy, and other biobased products. Here, we model three scenarios of large-scale deployment for two such systems, riparian buffers and windbreaks, across over 81,000 landscapes in Europe, and quantify the corresponding areas, biomass output, and environmental benefits. The results show that these systems can effectively reduce nitrogen emissions to water and soil loss by wind erosion, while simultaneously providing substantial environmental co-benefits, having limited negative effects on current agricultural production. This kind of beneficial land-use change using strategic perennialization is important for meeting environmental objectives while advancing towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

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