scholarly journals The Significance of Calcium in Photosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Wang ◽  
Sha Yang ◽  
Shubo Wan ◽  
Xinguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Chloroplast Proteins ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

As a secondary messenger, calcium participates in various physiological and biochemical reactions in plants. Photosynthesis is the most extensive biosynthesis process on Earth. To date, researchers have found that some chloroplast proteins have Ca2+-binding sites, and the structure and function of some of these proteins have been discussed in detail. Although the roles of Ca2+ signal transduction related to photosynthesis have been discussed, the relationship between calcium and photosynthesis is seldom systematically summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of calcium’s role in photosynthesis.

scholarly journals The Where, When, and How of Organelle Acidification by the Yeast Vacuolar H+-ATPase

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Acidic Organelles ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY All eukaryotic cells contain multiple acidic organelles, and V-ATPases are central players in organelle acidification. Not only is the structure of V-ATPases highly conserved among eukaryotes, but there are also many regulatory mechanisms that are similar between fungi and higher eukaryotes. These mechanisms allow cells both to regulate the pHs of different compartments and to respond to changing extracellular conditions. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae V-ATPase has emerged as an important model for V-ATPase structure and function in all eukaryotic cells. This review discusses current knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of the V-ATPase in S. cerevisiae and also examines the relationship between biosynthesis and transport of V-ATPase and compartment-specific regulation of acidification.

scholarly journals Tropoelastin and Elastin Assembly

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmin Ozsvar ◽  
Chengeng Yang ◽  
Stuart A. Cain ◽  
Clair Baldock ◽  
Anna Tarakanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Elastic fibers are an important component of the extracellular matrix, providing stretch, resilience, and cell interactivity to a broad range of elastic tissues. Elastin makes up the majority of elastic fibers and is formed by the hierarchical assembly of its monomer, tropoelastin. Our understanding of key aspects of the assembly process have been unclear due to the intrinsic properties of elastin and tropoelastin that render them difficult to study. This review focuses on recent developments that have shaped our current knowledge of elastin assembly through understanding the relationship between tropoelastin’s structure and function.

scholarly journals Lung ultrasound presentation of COVID-19 patients: phenotypes and correlations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Secco ◽  
◽  
Marzia Delorenzo ◽  
Francesco Salinaro ◽  
Caterina Zattera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Interstitial Syndrome ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBedside lung ultrasound (LUS) can play a role in the setting of the SarsCoV2 pneumonia pandemic. To evaluate the clinical and LUS features of COVID-19 in the ED and their potential prognostic role, a cohort of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients underwent LUS upon admission in the ED. LUS score was derived from 12 fields. A prevalent LUS pattern was assigned depending on the presence of interstitial syndrome only (Interstitial Pattern), or evidence of subpleural consolidations in at least two fields (Consolidation Pattern). The endpoint was 30-day mortality. The relationship between hemogasanalysis parameters and LUS score was also evaluated. Out of 312 patients, only 36 (11.5%) did not present lung involvment, as defined by LUS score < 1. The majority of patients were admitted either in a general ward (53.8%) or in intensive care unit (9.6%), whereas 106 patients (33.9%) were discharged from the ED. In-hospital mortality was 25.3%, and 30-day survival was 67.6%. A LUS score > 13 had a 77.2% sensitivity and a 71.5% specificity (AUC 0.814; p < 0.001) in predicting mortality. LUS alterations were more frequent (64%) in the posterior lower fields. LUS score was related with P/F (R2 0.68; p < 0.0001) and P/F at FiO2 = 21% (R2 0.59; p < 0.0001). The correlation between LUS score and P/F was not influenced by the prevalent ultrasound pattern. LUS represents an effective tool in both defining diagnosis and stratifying prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The correlation between LUS and hemogasanalysis parameters underscores its role in evaluating lung structure and function.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of the CFTR Chloride Channel

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. S23-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID N. SHEPPARD ◽  
MICHAEL J. WELSH
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
And Function ◽  
R Domain

Sheppard, David N., and Michael J. Welsh. Structure and Function of the CFTR Chloride Channel. Physiol. Rev. 79 , Suppl.: S23–S45, 1999. — The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a unique member of the ABC transporter family that forms a novel Cl− channel. It is located predominantly in the apical membrane of epithelia where it mediates transepithelial salt and liquid movement. Dysfunction of CFTR causes the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. The CFTR is composed of five domains: two membrane-spanning domains (MSDs), two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), and a regulatory (R) domain. Here we review the structure and function of this unique channel, with a focus on how the various domains contribute to channel function. The MSDs form the channel pore, phosphorylation of the R domain determines channel activity, and ATP hydrolysis by the NBDs controls channel gating. Current knowledge of CFTR structure and function may help us understand better its mechanism of action, its role in electrolyte transport, its dysfunction in cystic fibrosis, and its relationship to other ABC transporters.

scholarly journals Influence of High Pressure on the Dimerization of ToxR, a Protein Involved in Bacterial Signal Transduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (24) ◽  
pp. 7821-7823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Linke ◽  
Nagarajan Periasamy ◽  
Matthias Ehrmann ◽  
Roland Winter ◽  
Rudi F. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Bacterial Signal Transduction ◽  
Reporter Strains ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is suggested to influence the structure and function of membranes and/or integrated proteins. We demonstrate for the first time HHP-induced dimer dissociation of membrane proteins in vivo with Vibrio cholerae ToxR variants in Escherichia coli reporter strains carrying ctx::lacZ fusions. Dimerization ceased at 20 to 50 MPa depending on the nature of the transmembrane segments rather than on changes in the ToxR lipid bilayer environment.

Metabolic mediators of the relationship between adiposity and cardiac structure and function in UK adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. S260
Author(s):  
A.R. Carter ◽  
D.L. Santos Ferreira ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
N. Chaturvedi ◽  
A.D. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship Between Structure and Function of Tight Junctions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza González-Mariscal ◽  
Antonia Avila ◽  
Abigail Betanzos
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Childhood and adult exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and cardiac structure and function: results from Echo-SOL

Open Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e000831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Suzanne Burroughs Peña ◽  
Katrina Swett ◽  
Robert C Kaplan ◽  
Krista Perreira ◽  
Martha Daviglus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Isovolumic Relaxation Time ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isovolumic Relaxation

ObjectiveTo describe the relationship of household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and cardiac structure and function.MethodsParticipants (n=1069; 68 % female; age 45–74 years) without history of tobacco use, coronary artery disease or severe valvular disease were included. Past childhood (starting at age <13 years), adolescent/adult and current exposure to household SHS was assessed. Survey linear regression analyses were used to model the relationship of SHS exposure and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function, adjusting for covariates (age, sex, study site, alcohol use, physical activity and education).ResultsSHS exposure in childhood only was associated with reduced E/A velocity ratio (β=−0.06 (SE 0.02), p=0.008). SHS exposure in adolescence/adult only was associated with increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (1.2 (0.6), p=0.04), left atrial volume index (1.7 (0.8), p=0.04) and decreased isovolumic relaxation time (−0.003 (0.002), p=0.03). SHS exposure in childhood and adolescence/adult was associated with worse left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) (two-chamber) (0.8 (0.4), p= 0.049). Compared with individuals who do not live with a tobacco smoker, individuals who currently live with at least one tobacco smoker had reduced LVEF (−1.4 (0.6), p=0.02), LVGLS (average) (0.9 (0.40), p=0.03), medial E′ velocity (−0.5 (0.2), p=0.01), E/A ratio (−0.09 (0.03), p=0.003) and right ventricular fractional area change (−0.02 (0.01), p=0.01) with increased isovolumic relaxation time (0.006 (0.003), p=0.04).ConclusionsPast and current household exposure to SHS was associated with abnormalities in cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Reducing household SHS exposure may be an opportunity for cardiac dysfunction prevention to reduce the risk of future clinical heart failure.

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