scholarly journals Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Immune-Modulated Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyi-Jou Chen ◽  
Gu-Jiun Lin ◽  
Jing-Wun Chen ◽  
Kai-Chen Wang ◽  
Chiung-Hsi Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Better Than

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. The orchestra of the inflammatory process among various immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxidative stress play critical immunopathologic roles in the inflammatory cascade of the joint environment, leading to clinical impairment and RA. With the growing understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms, increasingly novel marked and potential biologic agents have merged for the treatment of RA in recent years. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, highlight novel biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMRADs), targeted synthetic DMRADs, and immune-modulating agents, and identify the applicable immune-mediated therapeutic strategies of the near future. In conclusion, new therapeutic approaches are emerging through a better understanding of the immunopathophysiology of RA, which is improving disease outcomes better than ever.

New therapeutic approaches for polymyositis and dermatomyositis

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (39) ◽  
pp. 1552-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Dankó ◽  
Melinda Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Proximal Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
First Line ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Line Of Therapy

Inflammatory myopathies are chronic, immune-mediated diseases characterized with progressive proximal muscle weakness. They encompass a variety of syndromes with protean manifestations. The aims of therapy are to increase muscle strength, prevent the development of contractures, and to manage the systemic manifestations of the disease. This is a complex treatment which requires routine and wide knowledge. The most important task is to recognize the disease and guide the patient to immunologic center. Although the first line of therapy continues to include corticosteroids, there are a multitude of agents available for treating patients with myositis. There are several different immunosuppressive agents which may be applied alone or in combination with each other, as well as an increasing number of novel and exciting biologic agents targeting molecules participating in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation in the remission period may significantly improve the functional outcome of patients with these disorders. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1552–1559.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Latest Trends in Isolation, Content Optimization and Delivery Avenues

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Elena Munoz-Perez ◽  
Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana ◽  
Manoli Igartua ◽  
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino ◽  
Rosa Maria Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Considering the high prevalence and the complex pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the search for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment is vital. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapy in this field, direct MSC implantation presents some limitations that could slow down the clinical translation. Since the beneficial effects of MSCs have been mainly attributed to their ability to secrete a plethora of bioactive factors, their secretome has been proposed as a new and promising pathway for the treatment of IMIDs. Formed from soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), the MSC-derived secretome has been proven to elicit immunomodulatory effects that control the inflammatory processes that occur in IMIDs. This article aims to review the available knowledge on the MSC secretome, evaluating the advances in this field in terms of its composition, production and application, as well as analyzing the pending challenges in the field. Moreover, the latest research involving secretome administration in IMIDs is discussed to provide an updated state-of-the-art for this field. Finally, novel secretome delivery alternatives are reviewed, paying special attention to hydrogel encapsulation as one of the most convenient and promising strategies.

New insights of CRISPR technology in human pathogenic fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 1243-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Román ◽  
Daniel Prieto ◽  
Rebeca Alonso-Monge ◽  
Jesús Pla
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Genome Manipulation

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems have emerged as a powerful tool for genome manipulation. Class 2 type II CRISPR/ CAS9 is so far the most studied system and has been implemented in many biological systems such as mammalian cells, plants, fungi and bacteria. Fungi are important causes of human diseases worldwide. Genetic manipulation of pathogenic fungi is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches and novel antifungals. We will review here the progress done with CRISPR/ CAS9 systems in human pathogenic fungi, with emphasis in Candida albicans and the main modifications that have improved their usefulness in biological research. We finally discuss possible future outcomes and applications to the developed in a near future.

scholarly journals New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis may Rise from the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway and Antinociceptive Pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2248-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Pan ◽  
Jianxin Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Yu ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Ligeng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Current Stage

Due to the complex etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is difficult to be completely cured at the current stage although many approaches have been applied in clinics, especially the wide application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). New drug discovery and development via the recently discovered cholinergic anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive pathways should be promising. Based on the above, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists maintain the potential for the treatment of RA. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches may rise from these two newly discovered pathways. More preclinical experiments and clinical trials are required to confirm our viewpoint.

scholarly journals Photopheresis efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a pre-clinical proof of concept

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Coppard ◽  
Francis Bonnefoy ◽  
Dalil Hannani ◽  
Françoise Gabert ◽  
Olivier Manches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Bovine Collagen ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Immune Cell Subsets

Abstract Background Despite major advances in rheumatoid arthritis outcome, not all patients achieve remission, and there is still an unmet need for new therapeutic approaches. This study aimed at evaluating in a pre-clinical murine model the efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and to provide a relevant study model for dissecting ECP mechanism of action in autoimmune diseases. Methods DBA/1 mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of bovine collagen type II, in order to initiate the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Arthritic mice received 3 ECP treatments every other day, with psoralen + UVA-treated (PUVA) spleen cells obtained from arthritic mice. Arthritis score was measured, and immune cell subsets were monitored. Results ECP-treated mice recovered from arthritis as evidenced by a decreasing arthritic score over time. Significant decrease in the frequency of Th17 cells in the spleen of treated mice was observed. Interestingly, while PUVA-treated spleen cells from healthy mouse had no effect, PUVA-treated arthritic mouse derived-spleen cells were able to induce control of arthritis development. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that ECP can control arthritis in CIA-mice, and clarifies ECP mechanisms of action, showing ECP efficacy and Th17 decrease only when arthritogenic T cells are contained within the treated sample. These data represent a pre-clinical proof of concept supporting the use of ECP in the treatment of RA in Human.

Prospects in treatment of multiple sclerosis: near future

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Gennadii E. Sheiko ◽  
Anna N. Belova ◽  
Maksim N. Kudykin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Given ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widespread dysimmune-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system of unclear etiology. Despite significant achievements in the therapy of MS, the level of progressing disability and early mortality remains alarmingly high. The main aim of the given review is to give a detailed description of new promising medical drugs for treatment of MS. In the article the data of preclinical and clinical trials are given, presumptive mechanisms of the medical drugs under development are described. Development of new therapeutic approaches in treatment of MS is of great interest in modern science. The given review highlights new methods of treatment that are now undergoing clinical trialы and will probably come to the clinical practice in the near future.

Tocilizumab: An Updated Review of Its Use in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Application for Other Immune-Mediated Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. CMT.S9282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Ogata ◽  
Masashi Narazaki
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Effector T Cell ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Acute Phase Reactions

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), produced by a variety of cells, is a typical cytokine featuring redundancy and pleiotropic activity. IL-6 is promptly and transiently synthesized in response to infections or injuries, and participates in host defense by inducing immune responses, hematopoiesis, and acute-phase reactions. However, since its abnormal persistent production of mostly unknown etiology plays an important pathological role in the development of various immune-mediated diseases, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab, was developed and is now used as an innovative biologic for rheumatoid arthritis in more than 90 countries. Several factors strongly suggest that a IL-6 blockade strategy may have a broad application for the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases. These factors include favorable results of pilot or case studies with off-label use of tocilizumab, pathological analyses of the contribution of IL-6 to the development of immune-mediated diseases, and the potential capability of tocilizumab to both repair an imbalance of effector T cell subsets and to suppress pathologic autoantibody production. However, clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab for these diseases are essential. Furthermore, clarification of the cell source of IL-6 production and of the mechanisms through which dysregulated continuous IL-6 synthesis is induced constitutes an important issue for future studies into the pathogenesis of diseases.

scholarly journals Adoptive Treg cell-based immunotherapy: Frontier therapeutic aspects in rheumatoid arthritis

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 933-946
Author(s):  
Mahdi Zavvar ◽  
Sara Assadiasl ◽  
Sina Zargaran ◽  
Maryam Akhtari ◽  
Behzad Poopak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Specific Tolerance

The major current focus on treating rheumatoid arthritis is to put an end to long-term treatments and instead, specifically block widespread immunosuppression by developing antigen-specific tolerance, while also permitting an intact immune response toward other antigens to occur. There have been promising preclinical findings regarding adoptive Treg cells immunotherapy with a critically responsible function in the prevention of autoimmunity, tissue repair and regeneration, which make them an attractive candidate to develop effective therapeutic approaches to achieve this interesting concept in many human immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Ex vivo or invivo manipulation protocols are not only utilized to correct Treg cells defect, but also to benefit from their specific immunosuppressive properties by identifying specific antigens that are expressed in the inflamedjoint. The methods able to address these deficiencies can be considered as a target for immunity interventions to restore appropriate immune function.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document