scholarly journals On a Cold Night: Transcriptomics of Grapevine Flower Unveils Signal Transduction and Impacted Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Mélodie Sawicki ◽  
Marine Rondeau ◽  
Barbara Courteaux ◽  
Fanja Rabenoelina ◽  
Gea Guerriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cold Night ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Pectate Lyases ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Low temperature is a critical environmental factor limiting plant productivity, especially in northern vineyards. To clarify the impact of this stress on grapevine flower, we used the Vitis array based on Roche-NimbleGen technology to investigate the gene expression of flowers submitted to a cold night. Our objectives were to identify modifications in the transcript levels after stress and during recovery. Consequently, our results confirmed some mechanisms known in grapes or other plants in response to cold stress, notably, (1) the pivotal role of calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling; (2) the over-expression of sugar transporters and some genes involved in plant defense (especially in carbon metabolism), and (3) the down-regulation of genes encoding galactinol synthase (GOLS), pectate lyases, or polygalacturonases. We also identified some mechanisms not yet known to be involved in the response to cold stress, i.e., (1) the up-regulation of genes encoding G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine threonine-protein kinase, pathogen recognition receptor (PRR5), or heat-shock factors among others; (2) the down-regulation of Myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factors and the Constans-like zinc finger family; and (3) the down-regulation of some genes encoding Pathogen-Related (PR)-proteins. Taken together, our results revealed interesting features and potentially valuable traits associated with stress responses in the grapevine flower. From a long-term perspective, our study provides useful starting points for future investigation.

scholarly journals Light Regulates the Cytokinin-Dependent Cold Stress Responses in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylva Prerostova ◽  
Martin Černý ◽  
Petre I. Dobrev ◽  
Vaclav Motyka ◽  
Lucia Hluskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Light

To elucidate the effect of light intensity on the cold response (5°C; 7 days) in Arabidopsis thaliana, we compared the following parameters under standard light (150 μmol m–2 s–1), low light (20 μmol m–2 s–1), and dark conditions: membrane damage, photosynthetic parameters, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) activity, phytohormone levels, and transcription of selected stress- and hormone-related genes and proteome. The impact of cytokinins (CKs), hormones directly interacting with the light signaling pathway, on cold responses was evaluated using transformants overexpressing CK biosynthetic gene isopentenyl transferase (DEX:IPT) or CK degradation gene HvCKX2 (DEX:CKX) under a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. In wild-type plants, cold treatment under light conditions caused down-regulation of CKs (in shoots) and auxin, while abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates, and salicylic acid (SA) were up-regulated, especially under low light. Cold treatment in the dark strongly suppressed all phytohormones, except ABA. DEX:IPT plants showed enhanced stress tolerance associated with elevated CK and SA levels in shoots and auxin in apices. Contrarily, DEX:CKX plants had weaker stress tolerance accompanied by lowered levels of CKs and auxins. Nevertheless, cold substantially diminished the impact from the inserted genes. Cold stress in dark minimized differences among the genotypes. Cold treatments in light strongly up-regulated stress marker genes RD29A, especially in roots, and CBF1-3 in shoots. Under control conditions, their levels were higher in DEX:CKX plants, but after 7-day stress, DEX:IPT plants exhibited the highest transcription. Transcription of genes related to CK metabolism and signaling showed a tendency to re-establish, at least partially, CK homeostasis in both transformants. Up-regulation of strigolactone-related genes in apices and leaves indicated their role in suppressing shoot growth. The analysis of leaf proteome revealed over 20,000 peptides, representing 3,800 proteins and 2,212 protein families (data available via ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD020480). Cold stress induced proteins involved in ABA and jasmonate metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes of flavonoid and glucosinolate biosynthesis. DEX:IPT plants up-regulated phospholipase D and MAP-kinase 4. Cold stress response at the proteome level was similar in all genotypes under optimal light intensity, differing significantly under low light. The data characterized the decisive effect of light–CK cross-talk in the regulation of cold stress responses.

scholarly journals Multi-Transcriptomic Analysis Points to Early Organelle Dysfunction in Human Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Galea ◽  
Laura D. Weinstock ◽  
Raquel Larramona-Arcas ◽  
Alyssa F. Pybus ◽  
Lydia Giménez-Llort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Enrichment Score ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract BackgroundRecent gene profiling of human AD astrocytes using single-nucleus RNA sequencing is limited by the low number of differentially expressed genes detected, and the small size of cohorts. We improved on prior studies with a novel systems-biology-based approach that can be used with available data from large cohorts.Methods Brain-cell specific gene clusters were generated from RNA sequencing data from isolated healthy human brain cells using a cell-type enrichment score and clustering. The cell-specific gene clusters were localized in whole-brain transcriptomes from 766 subjects diagnosed with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by the Mount Sinai Hospital, the Mayo Clinic, and the Religious Order Study/Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). Gene clusters were organized into functional categories, and changes among subject groups determined by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsHierarchical clustering revealed molecular heterogeneity in individuals with the same clinical diagnosis. Particularly in the Mayo Clinic and ROSMAP cohorts, over 50% of Controls presented massive down-regulation of genes encoding synaptic proteins as described in AD, and 30% of AD patients looked like true Controls. The astrocytic gene profiles in AD patients presenting down-regulation of neuronal genes were termed ‘AD astrocytes’. According to GSVA and PCA, AD astrocytes showed down-regulation of genes encoding for mitochondrial and endolysosomal proteins, and up-regulation of genes related to perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAP), and survival and stress responses. One limitation of the analysis is that gene clusters identified in healthy brain transcriptomes may no longer exist in AD. However, quantification of network reorganization in AD subjects using the metric ‘modular differential connectivity’ showed equal or enhanced connectivity in 95.5% of the modules, suggesting that clusters identified by co-expression analyses in healthy cells are preserved in AD. Another limitation is that changes in transcripts ubiquitous in all cell types may go undetected in our analysis relying on astrocyte-specific genes.DiscussionWe detected a profound transcriptional change in astrocytes in a high percentage of Control, MCI and AD subjects, affecting organelles and astrocyte-neuron interactions. We argue that therapies preventing organelle dysfunction in astrocytes may protect neural circuits in preclinical and clinical AD.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

The Impact of Royal Jelly against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Hepatocyte Damage in Rats: The Role of Cytoglobin, Nrf-2/HO-1/COX-4, and P38-MAPK/NF-κB-p65/TNF-α Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Fares E.M. Ali ◽  
Heba M. Saad Eldien ◽  
Nashwa A.M. Mostafa ◽  
Abdulrahman H. Almaeen ◽  
Mohamed R.A. Marzouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The present study was conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism as well as the potential hepatoprotective effects of royal jelly (RJ) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods: Rats were assigned into four groups; sham (received vehicle), IR (30 minutes ischemia and 45 minutes reperfusion), sham pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg P.O.), and IR pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg P.O.). The experiment has lasted for 28 days. Results: Hepatic IR significantly induced hepatic dysfunctions, as manifested by elevation of serum transaminases, ALP and LDH levels. Moreover, hepatic IR caused a significant up-regulation of P38-MAPK, NF-κB-p65, TNF-α and MDA levels along with marked down-regulation of Nrf-2, HO-1, COX-4, cytoglobin, IκBa, IL-10, GSH, GST and SOD levels. Additionally, marked histopathological changes were observed after hepatic IR injury. On the contrary, pretreatment with RJ significantly improved hepatic functions along with the alleviation of histopathological changes. Moreover, RJ restored oxidant/antioxidant balance as well as hepatic expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, COX-4, and cytoglobin. Simultaneously, RJ significantly mitigated the inflammatory response by down-regulation of P38-MAPK, NF-κB-p65, TNF-α expression. Conclusion: The present results revealed that RJ has successfully protected the liver against hepatic IR injury through modulation of cytoglobin, Nrf-2/HO-1/COX-4, and P38-MAPK/NF-κB-p65/TNF-α signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Arginine Decarboxylase Is Essential for Pneumococcal Stress Responses

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Mary Frances Nakamya ◽  
Moses B. Ayoola ◽  
Leslie A. Shack ◽  
Mirghani Mohamed ◽  
Edwin Swiatlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽  
Thiol Peroxidase ◽  
The Impact

Polyamines such as putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine are small cationic molecules that play significant roles in cellular processes, including bacterial stress responses and host–pathogen interactions. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes several diseases that account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As it transits through different host niches, S. pneumoniae is exposed to and must adapt to different types of stress in the host microenvironment. We earlier reported that S. pneumoniae TIGR4, which harbors an isogenic deletion of an arginine decarboxylase (ΔspeA), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of agmatine in the polyamine synthesis pathway, has a reduced capsule. Here, we report the impact of arginine decarboxylase deletion on pneumococcal stress responses. Our results show that ΔspeA is more susceptible to oxidative, nitrosative, and acid stress compared to the wild-type strain. Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR indicates that thiol peroxidase, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and aguA from the arginine deiminase system, could be important for peroxide stress responses in a polyamine-dependent manner. Our results also show that speA is essential for endogenous hydrogen peroxide and glutathione production in S. pneumoniae. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the critical role of arginine decarboxylase in pneumococcal stress responses that could impact adaptation and survival in the host.

scholarly journals m5U54 tRNA Hypomodification by Lack of TRMT2A Drives the Generation of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2941
Author(s):  
Marisa Pereira ◽  
Diana R. Ribeiro ◽  
Miguel M. Pinheiro ◽  
Margarida Ferreira ◽  
Stefanie Kellner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Translation Regulation ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
The Impact

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules contain various post-transcriptional modifications that are crucial for tRNA stability, translation efficiency, and fidelity. Besides their canonical roles in translation, tRNAs also originate tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions ranging from translation regulation to gene expression control and cellular stress response. Recent evidence indicates that tsRNAs are also modified, however, the impact of tRNA epitranscriptome deregulation on tsRNAs generation is only now beginning to be uncovered. The 5-methyluridine (m5U) modification at position 54 of cytosolic tRNAs is one of the most common and conserved tRNA modifications among species. The tRNA methyltransferase TRMT2A catalyzes this modification, but its biological role remains mostly unexplored. Here, we show that TRMT2A knockdown in human cells induces m5U54 tRNA hypomodification and tsRNA formation. More specifically, m5U54 hypomodification is followed by overexpression of the ribonuclease angiogenin (ANG) that cleaves tRNAs near the anticodon, resulting in accumulation of 5′tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (5′tiRNAs), namely 5′tiRNA-GlyGCC and 5′tiRNA-GluCTC, among others. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis confirms that down-regulation of TRMT2A and consequently m5U54 hypomodification impacts the cellular stress response and RNA stability, which is often correlated with tiRNA generation. Accordingly, exposure to oxidative stress conditions induces TRMT2A down-regulation and tiRNA formation in mammalian cells. These results establish a link between tRNA hypomethylation and ANG-dependent tsRNAs formation and unravel m5U54 as a tRNA cleavage protective mark.

scholarly journals BrpA Is Involved in Regulation of Cell Envelope Stress Responses in Streptococcus mutans

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2914-2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bitoun ◽  
S. Liao ◽  
X. Yao ◽  
S.-J. Ahn ◽  
R. Isoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lipid Ii ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that BrpA plays a major role in acid and oxidative stress tolerance and biofilm formation byStreptococcus mutans. Mutant strains lacking BrpA also display increased autolysis and decreased viability, suggesting a role for BrpA in cell envelope integrity. In this study, we examined the impact of BrpA deficiency on cell envelope stresses induced by envelope-active antimicrobials. Compared to the wild-type strain UA159, the BrpA-deficient mutant (TW14D) was significantly more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, especially lipid II inhibitors. Several genes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis were identified by DNA microarray analysis as downregulated in TW14D. Luciferase reporter gene fusion assays also revealed that expression ofbrpAis regulated in response to environmental conditions and stresses induced by exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of cell envelope antimicrobials. In aGalleria mellonella(wax worm) model, BrpA deficiency was shown to diminish the virulence ofS. mutansOMZ175, which, unlikeS. mutansUA159, efficiently kills the worms. Collectively, these results suggest that BrpA plays a role in the regulation of cell envelope integrity and that deficiency of BrpA adversely affects the fitness and diminishes the virulence of OMZ175, a highly invasive strain ofS. mutans.

The impact of GABA in harpin-elicited biotic stress responses in Nicotiana tabaccum

2015 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Dimlioğlu ◽  
Zeycan Akcan Daş ◽  
Melike Bor ◽  
Filiz Özdemir ◽  
İsmail Türkan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Nicotiana Tabaccum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biotic Stress Responses
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