scholarly journals Transcriptional Profile of Aedes aegypti Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins in Response to Zika and Chikungunya Viruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Barry Alto ◽  
Dongyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Time Course Study

Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is evolutionarily conserved in many proteins associated with innate immunity in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants. We focused on the AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1 gene expressions in response to Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection using a time course study, as well as the developmental expressions in the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. RNA-seq analysis data provided 60 leucine-rich repeat related transcriptions in Ae. aegypti in response to Zika virus (Accession number: GSE118858, accessed on: August 22, 2018, GEO DataSets). RNA-seq analysis data showed that AaeLRIM1 (AAEL012086-RA) and AaeAPL1 (AAEL009520-RA) were significantly upregulated 2.5 and 3-fold during infection by ZIKV 7-days post infection (dpi) of an Ae. aegypti Key West strain compared to an Orlando strain. The qPCR data showed that LRR-containing proteins related genes, AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1, and five paralogues were expressed 100-fold lower than other nuclear genes, such as defensin, during all developmental stages examined. Together, these data provide insights into the transcription profiles of LRR proteins of Ae. aegypti during its development and in response to infection with emergent arboviruses.

scholarly journals Transcriptional profile of Aedes aegypti Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins in response to Zika and Chikungunya viruses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Barry A. Alto ◽  
Dongyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Time Course Study

Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is evolutionarily conserved in many proteins associated with innate immunity in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants. We focused on the AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1 gene expressions in response to Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection using a time course study, as well as the developmental expressions in the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. RNA-seq analysis data provided 60 leucine-rich repeat related transcriptions in Ae. aegypti in response to Zika virus (Accession number: GSE118858, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds/?term=GSE118858). RNA-seq analysis data showed that AaeLRIM1 (AAEL012086-RA) and AaeAPL1 (AAEL009520-RA) were significantly upregulated 2.5 and 3-fold during infection by ZIKV 7-days post infection (dpi) of an Ae. aegypti Key West strain compared to an Orlando strain. The qPCR data showed that LRR-containing proteins AaeLRIM1, AaeAPL1 and five paralogues were expressed 100-fold lower than other nuclear genes, such as defensin, during all developmental stages examined. Together, these data provide insights into transcription profiles of LRR proteins of Ae. aegypti during its development and in response to infection with emergent arboviruses.

Re-evaluation of the life cycle of Eimeria maxima Tyzzer, 1929 in chickens (Gallus domesticus)

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
M. C. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Time Course Study

AbstractA time-course study was conducted to resolve discrepancies in the literature and better define aspects of the Eimeria maxima life cycle such, as sites of development and both morphology and number of asexual stages. Broiler chickens were inoculated orally with five million E. maxima oocysts (APU1), and were necropsied at regular intervals from 12 to 120 h p.i. Small intestine tissue sections and smears were examined for developmental stages. The jejunum contained the highest numbers of developmental stages. At 12 h p.i., sporozoites were observed inside a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in the epithelial villi and the lamina propria. By 24 h, sporozoites enclosed by a PV were observed in enterocytes of the glands of Lieberkühn. At 48 h p.i., sporozoites, elongated immature and mature schizonts, were all seen in the glands with merozoites budding off from a residual body. By 60 h, second-generation, sausage-shaped schizonts containing up to 12 merozoites were observed around a residual body in the villar tip of invaded enterocytes. At 72 and 96 h, profuse schizogony associated with third- and fourth-generation schizonts was observed throughout the villus. At 120 h, another generation (fifth) of schizonts were seen in villar tips as well as in subepithelium where gamonts and oocysts were also present; a few gamonts were in epithelium. Our finding of maximum parasitization of E. maxima in jejunum is important because this region is critical for nutrient absorption and weight gain.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of the early strobilar development of Echinococcus granulosus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Antonio Debarba ◽  
Karina Mariante Monteiro ◽  
Alexandra Lehmkuhl Gerber ◽  
Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos ◽  
Arnaldo Zaha
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Key Genes

AbstractBackgroundEchinococcus granulosus has a complex life cycle involving two mammalian hosts. The transition from one host to another is accompanied by changes in gene expression, and the transcriptional events that underlie these processes have not yet been fully characterized.ResultsIn this study, RNA-seq is used to compare the transcription profiles of four time samples of E. granulosus protoscoleces in vitro induced to strobilar development. We identified 818 differentially expressed genes, which were divided into eight expression clusters formed over the entire 24 hours time course and indicated different transcriptional patterns. An enrichment of gene transcripts with molecular functions of signal transduction, enzymes and protein modifications was observed with progression of development.ConclusionThis transcriptomic study provides insight for understanding the complex life cycle of E. granulosus and contributes for searching for the key genes correlating with the strobilar development, providing interesting hints for further studies.

Relationship between the Stages of Development of Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 38932 and Production of Fusarin C

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-435
Author(s):  
MARIA J. CANTALEJO ◽  
JOSE M. CARRASCO ◽  
E. HERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
Kinetics Of

A study of the kinetics of fusarin C production by Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 38932, a known producer of fusarin C, was carried out. This strain was subcultured on an EG medium for an adequate sporulation, and a 4% inoculum was transferred to the 10% ICI N medium. The conditions for the production of fusarin C in this synthetic culture medium were optimized. The time-course study of fusarin C performed over 26 days with this strain showed three different developmental stages in which a maximum production of fusarin C was reached on the 8th day of incubation; thereafter this strain ceased growing exponentially and exhibited a sharp decrease of fusarin C from that moment on.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis of Plasmodium RNA-seq time-course data identifies stage-specific co-regulated biological processes and regulatory elements

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efejiro Ashano ◽  
Itunuoluwa Isewon ◽  
Jelili Oyelade ◽  
Ezekiel Adebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Time Course Data

In this study, we interpreted RNA-seq time-course data of three developmental stages of Plasmodium species by clustering genes based on similarities in their expression profile without prior knowledge of the gene function. Functional enrichment of clusters of upregulated genes at specific time-points reveals potential targetable biological processes with information on their timings. We identified common consensus sequences that these clusters shared as potential points of coordinated transcriptional control. Five cluster groups showed upregulated profile patterns of biological interest. This included two clusters from the Intraerythrocytic Developmental Cycle (cluster 4 = 16 genes, and cluster 9 = 32 genes), one from the sexual development stage (cluster 2 = 851 genes), and two from the gamete-fertilization stage in the mosquito host (cluster 4 = 153 genes, and cluster 9 = 258 genes). The IDC expressed the least numbers of genes with only 1448 genes showing any significant activity of the 5020 genes (~29%) in the experiment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these clusters revealed a total of 671 uncharacterized genes implicated in 14 biological processes and components associated with these stages, some of which are currently being investigated as drug targets in on-going research. Five putative transcription regulatory binding motifs shared by members of each cluster were also identified, one of which was also identified in a previous study by separate researchers. Our study shows stage-specific genes and biological processes that may be important in antimalarial drug research efforts. In addition, timed-coordinated control of separate processes may explain the paucity of factors in parasites.

RELAÇÃO DE CAUSALIDADE ENTRE A FEBRE DA ZIKA E MICROCEFALIA NO BRASIL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Emanuel Dantas Mercês ◽  
Angela de Souza Cajuhi ◽  
Lorena Conceição Souza dos Santos ◽  
Rudval Souza da Silva ◽  
Cleuma Sueli Santos Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Electronic Library

O Zika vírus é um arbovírus transmitido pela picada dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus infectados e apresentam como principais manifestações clínicas: febre aguda, exantema, prurido e conjuntivite. Em 2015 causou uma epidemia no Brasil, desencadeando casos de microcefalia em bebês cujas gestantes tiveram a febre da Zika. O Nordeste notificou o maior número de casos. Objetivou-se identificar, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, a relação entre a febre da Zika e a microcefalia. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada a partir de buscas desenvolvidas nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) com publicações dos anos de 2015 e 2016, idiomas português e inglês. Foram encontradas 191 publicações, as quais passaram por um processo de leitura e análise quanto ao atendimento do objetivo e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão. Restaram oito publicações que integraram o corpus desta revisão. Os resultados apontam para uma relação de causa e efeito entre o contato das gestantes com o Zika vírus e o desenvolvimento de microcefalia em seus bebês. Necessita-se de maiores evidências que demonstrem os reais fatores envolvidos nesse processo, como os genéticos, ambientais e até mesmo interferência de outras infecções. Palavras-chave: Zika vírus. Microcefalia. Aplicações da epidemiologia.

Time course study of blood pressure in children over a three-year period. Bogalusa Heart Study

Hypertension ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Voors ◽  
L. S. Webber ◽  
G. S. Berenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Bogalusa Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Time Course Study

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves across Late Developmental Stages Based on RNA-Seq and Co-Expression Network

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Hailin Liu ◽  
Xin Han ◽  
Jue Ruan ◽  
Lian Xu ◽  
Bing He
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Gene Modules

The final size of plant leaves is strictly controlled by environmental and genetic factors, which coordinate cell expansion and cell cycle activity in space and time; however, the regulatory mechanisms of leaf growth are still poorly understood. Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious species native to China with medicinally and phylogenetically important characteristics, and its fan-shaped leaves are unique in gymnosperms, while the mechanism of G. biloba leaf development remains unclear. In this study we studied the transcriptome of G. biloba leaves at three developmental stages using high-throughput RNA-seq technology. Approximately 4167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, and a total of 12,137 genes were structure optimized together with 732 new genes identified. More than 50 growth-related factors and gene modules were identified based on DEG and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. These results could remarkably expand the existing transcriptome resources of G. biloba, and provide references for subsequent analysis of ginkgo leaf development.

scholarly journals Transmission Potential of Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Zimler ◽  
Donald A Yee ◽  
Barry W Alto
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Recurrence of local transmission of Zika virus in Puerto Rico is a major public health risk to the United States, where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes mediovittatus (Coquillett) are abundant. To determine the extent to which Ae. mediovittatus are capable of transmitting Zika virus and the influence of viremia, we evaluated infection and transmission in Ae. mediovittatus and Ae. aegypti from Puerto Rico using serial dilutions of infectious blood. Higher doses of infectious blood resulted in greater infection rates in both mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti females were up to twice as susceptible to infection than Ae. mediovittatus, indicating a more effective midgut infection barrier in the latter mosquito species. Aedes aegypti exhibited higher disseminated infection (40–95%) than Ae. mediovittatus (<5%), suggesting a substantial midgut escape barrier in Ae. mediovittatus. For Ae. aegypti, transmission rates were low over a range of doses of Zika virus ingested, suggesting substantial salivary gland barriers.

scholarly journals Infection, dissemination, and transmission efficiencies of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti after serial passage in mosquito or mammalian cell lines or alternating passage in both cell types

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes G. Talavera-Aguilar ◽  
Reyes A. Murrieta ◽  
Sungmin Kiem ◽  
Rosa C. Cetina-Trejo ◽  
Carlos M. Baak-Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mosquito Cell ◽  
Cell Passage ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Synonymous Substitutions ◽  
Vertebrate Cell

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) with an urban transmission cycle that primarily involves humans and Aedes aegypti. Evidence suggests that the evolution of some arboviruses is constrained by their dependency on alternating between disparate (vertebrate and invertebrate) hosts. The goals of this study are to compare the genetic changes that occur in ZIKV after serial passaging in mosquito or vertebrate cell lines or alternate passaging in both cell types and to compare the replication, dissemination, and transmission efficiencies of the cell culture-derived viruses in Ae. aegypti. Methods An isolate of ZIKV originally acquired from a febrile patient in Yucatan, Mexico, was serially passaged six times in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells or Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells or both cell types by alternating passage. A colony of Ae. aegypti from Yucatan was established, and mosquitoes were challenged with the cell-adapted viruses. Midguts, Malpighian tubules, ovaries, salivary glands, wings/legs and saliva were collected at various times after challenge and tested for evidence of virus infection. Results Genome sequencing revealed the presence of two non-synonymous substitutions in the premembrane and NS1 regions of the mosquito cell-adapted virus and two non-synonymous substitutions in the capsid and NS2A regions of both the vertebrate cell-adapted and alternate-passaged viruses. Additional genetic changes were identified by intrahost variant frequency analysis. Virus maintained by continuous C6/36 cell passage was significantly more infectious in Ae. aegypti than viruses maintained by alternating passage and consecutive Vero cell passage. Conclusions Mosquito cell-adapted ZIKV displayed greater in vivo fitness in Ae. aegypti compared to the other viruses, indicating that obligate cycling between disparate hosts carries a fitness cost. These data increase our understanding of the factors that drive ZIKV adaptation and evolution and underscore the important need to consider the in vivo passage histories of flaviviruses to be evaluated in vector competence studies. Graphic abstract "Image missing"

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