scholarly journals Depression and Sleep

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Steiger ◽  
Marcel Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Impaired Sleep ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Impaired sleep is both a risk factor and a symptom of depression. Objective sleep is assessed using the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Characteristic sleep-EEG changes in patients with depression include disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, changes of sleep continuity, and impaired non-REM sleep. Most antidepressants suppress REM sleep both in healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Various sleep-EEG variables may be suitable as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapy response in depression. In family studies of depression, enhanced REM density, a measure for frequency of rapid eye movements, is characteristic for an endophenotype. Cordance is an EEG measure distinctly correlated with regional brain perfusion. Prefrontal theta cordance, derived from REM sleep, appears to be a biomarker of antidepressant treatment response. Some predictive sleep-EEG markers of depression appear to be related to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity.

Homeostatic sleep regulation in habitual short sleepers and long sleepers

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. R41-R53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Aeschbach ◽  
C. Cajochen ◽  
H. Landolt ◽  
A. A. Borbely
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Spectral Power Density ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Sleep Episode ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Homeostatic sleep regulation in habitual short sleepers (sleep episode < 6 h, n = 9) and long sleepers (> 9 h, n = 7) was investigated by studying their sleep structure and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) during baseline conditions and after prolonging their habitual waking time by 24 h. In each sleep episode, total sleep time was > 3 h longer in the long sleepers than in the short sleepers. Sleep deprivation decreased sleep latency and rapid eye movement (REM) density in REM sleep more in long sleepers than in short sleepers. The enhancement of EEG slow-wave activity (SWA; spectral power density in the 0.75-4.5 Hz range) in non-REM sleep after sleep loss was larger in long sleepers (47%) than in short sleepers (19%). This difference in the SWA response was predicted by the two-process model of sleep regulation on the basis of the different sleep durations. The results indicate that short sleepers live under a higher “non-REM sleep pressure” than long sleepers. However, the two groups do not differ with respect to the homeostatic sleep regulatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Clinical Recovery and Sleep Architecture Degradation

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir C. Hachinski ◽  
Mortimer Mamelak ◽  
John W. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Sleep Recording ◽  
One Year ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

ABSTRACT:We achieved a unique and timely recording of cerebral activity in a 70 year old woman immediately pre- and post-stroke, while studying the effect of acute cerebral infarction on sleep-electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. Normal patterns, except for increased wakefulness, were recorded during two pre-infarct polysomnograms. Immediately following cerebral infarction increased delta activity was recorded from the infarcted hemisphere only. Initially, REM sleep could not be recorded from either side; however, on the third post infarct day REM sleep returned. Background EEG levels from both hemispheres became progressively slower, flatter and simpler. In addition, sleep spindles and the distinctive saw-tooth wave forms of sleep almost disappeared. At one year post-stroke sleep-EEG rhythm recordings from both hemispheres became more similar except for persisting delta activity from the left hemisphere. Unexpected deterioration of sleep-EEG pattern recordings from the undamaged hemisphere taken during the patient's clinical recovery remains unexplained. Serial sleep recording may facilitate the study of brain recovery, activity and reorganization following stroke.

scholarly journals Effects of sleep restriction on the sleep electroencephalogram of adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G Campbell ◽  
Alejandro Cruz-Basilio ◽  
Nato Darchia ◽  
Zoey Y Zhang ◽  
Irwin Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Adolescent Sleep ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Daytime Function ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract Study Objectives This report describes findings from an ongoing longitudinal study of the effects of varied sleep durations on wake and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and daytime function in adolescents. Here, we focus on the effects of age and time in bed (TIB) on total sleep time (TST) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) EEG. Methods We studied 77 participants (41 male) ranging in age from 9.9 to 16.2 years over the 3 years of this study. Each year, participants adhered to each of three different sleep schedules: four consecutive nights of 7, 8.5, or 10 h TIB. Results Altering TIB successfully modified TST, which averaged 406, 472 and 530 min on the fourth night of 7, 8.5, and 10 h TIB, respectively. As predicted by homeostatic models, shorter sleep durations produced higher delta power in both NREM and REM although these effects were small. Restricted sleep more substantially reduced alpha power in both NREM and REM sleep. In NREM but not REM sleep, sleep restriction strongly reduced both the all-night accumulation of sigma EEG activity (11–15 Hz energy) and the rate of sigma production (11–15 Hz power). Conclusions The EEG changes in response to TIB reduction are evidence of insufficient sleep recovery. The decrease in sigma activity presumably reflects depressed sleep spindle activity and suggests a manner by which sleep restriction reduces waking cognitive function in adolescents. Our results thus far demonstrate that relatively modest TIB manipulations provide a useful tool for investigating adolescent sleep biology.

scholarly journals The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep and waking in laboratory mice

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ge Huang ◽  
Sarah J Flaherty ◽  
Carina A Pothecary ◽  
Russell G Foster ◽  
Stuart N Peirson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
State Classification ◽  
Metabolic Suppression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract Study objectives Torpor is a regulated and reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Whereas the relationship between torpor and sleep has been well-studied in seasonal hibernators, less is known about the effects of fasting-induced torpor on states of vigilance and brain activity in laboratory mice. Methods Continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and surface body temperature was undertaken in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. Results All animals showed bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness enabled us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Consistent with previous studies, hypothermic bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing surface body temperature. During deep hypothermia, REM sleep was largely abolished, and we observed shivering-associated intense bursts of muscle activity. Conclusions Our study highlights important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice, daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters and hibernation in seasonally-hibernating species. Future studies are necessary to clarify the effects on fasting-induced torpor on subsequent sleep.

Opioids cause dissociated states of consciousness in C57BL/6J mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B O'Brien ◽  
Clarence E Locklear ◽  
Zachary T Glovak ◽  
Diana Zebadúa Unzaga ◽  
Helen A Baghdoyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Organization Of Sleep ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Surgical Recovery ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The electroencephalogram (EEG) provides an objective, neural correlate of consciousness. Opioid receptors modulate mammalian neuronal excitability, and this fact was used to characterize how opioids administered to mice alter EEG power and states of consciousness. The present study tested the hypothesis that antinociceptive doses of fentanyl, morphine, or buprenorphine differentially alter the EEG and states of sleep and wakefulness in adult, male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were anesthetized and implanted with telemeters that enabled wireless recordings of cortical EEG and electromyogram (EMG). After surgical recovery, EEG and EMG were used to objectively score states of consciousness as wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, or non-REM (NREM) sleep. Measures of EEG power (dB) were quantified as delta (0.5 to 4 Hz), theta (4 to 8 Hz), alpha (8 to 13 Hz), sigma (12 to 15 Hz), beta (13 to 30 Hz), and gamma (30 to 60 Hz). Compared to saline (control), fentanyl and morphine decreased NREM sleep, morphine eliminated REM sleep, and buprenorphine eliminated NREM sleep and REM sleep. Opioids significantly and differentially disrupted the temporal organization of sleep/wake states, altered specific EEG frequency bands, and caused dissociated states of consciousness. The results are discussed relative to the fact that opioids, pain, and sleep modulate interacting states of consciousness.

Effects of antidepressant treatment with rTMS and fluoxetine on brain perfusion in PD

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fregni ◽  
C. R. Ono ◽  
C. M. Santos ◽  
F. Bermpohl ◽  
C. Buchpiguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Brain Perfusion

scholarly journals Dreaming and Insomnia: Link between Physiological REM Parameters and Mentation Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Fee Benz ◽  
Dieter Riemann ◽  
Bernd Feige
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Power Prior ◽  
High Level ◽  
Objectively Measured

(1) Background: An unresolved phenomenon of insomnia disorder is a discrepancy between objectively measured sleep and subjective complaints. It has been shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep might be especially vulnerable to an altered perception. The present work aimed to investigate the link between physiological REM parameters and mentation characteristics in REM sleep. (2) Methods: 22 patients with insomnia and 23 good sleepers indicating at least one REM mentation within an awakening study were included. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were calculated to examine group differences and effects of mentation characteristics on number of arousals, REM density, and spectral power prior to awakenings. (3) Results: Increased perceived wakefulness was related to lower delta, theta, and alpha power in the minute prior to the REM awakenings. Nevertheless, no group differences regarding spectral power were found. With respect to number of arousals and REM density, no significant effects of mentation characteristics and no group differences were found. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that spectral power in REM sleep is linked with altered sleep perception. Reduced delta, theta, and alpha power might be a signature of this modified REM sleep associated with a high level of perceived wakefulness. Future awakening studies are necessary to further explore the link between physiological REM parameters and sleep perception.

scholarly journals Removal of Ocular Artifacts From the REM Sleep EEG

SLEEP ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterman ◽  
J. C. Woestenburg ◽  
M. Elton ◽  
W. Hofman ◽  
A. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Ocular Artifacts
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