scholarly journals An Overview on Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Isolates: Identification to the Species/Subspecies Level and Antibiotic Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Pompilio ◽  
Giovanni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Giovanni Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Group D ◽  
Streptococcus Equinus

Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), a non-enterococcal group D Streptococcus spp. complex, has been described as commensal bacteria in humans and animals, with a fecal carriage rate in humans varying from 5% to over 60%. Among streptococci, SBSEC isolates represent the most antibiotic-resistant species—with variable resistance rates reported for clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin—and might act as a reservoir of multiple acquired genes. Moreover, reduced susceptibility to penicillin and vancomycin associated with mobile genetic elements have also been detected, although rarely. Since the association of SBSEC bacteremia and colon lesions, infective endocarditis and hepatobiliary diseases has been established, particularly in elderly individuals, an accurate identification of SBSEC isolates to the species and subspecies level, as well as the evaluation of antibiotic resistance, are needed. In this paper, we reviewed the major methods used to identify SBSEC isolates and the antimicrobial resistance rates reported in the scientific literature among SBSEC species.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Epidemiology of Antibiotic-resistant Yersinia Species in Food and Clinical Specimens in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Farzad Khademi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Yersinia Species ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Yersinia species, especially Y. enterocolitica from non-clinical and clinical isolates in Iran. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Scientific Information Database (SID) using "antibiotic resistance", "Yersinia", and "Iran" as major keywords until June 10, 2019. According to the predefined article selection criteria, published studies addressing the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Yersinia species in Iran were included in the meta-analysis. Data were extracted and exported to the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software to evaluate antibiotic resistance rates, heterogeneity of studies and publication bias. Results: Twelve studies reported antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method. The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Yersinia species in food and clinical specimens in Iran was as follows: 22.4% to amoxicillin, 41.9% to ampicillin, 6% to gentamicin, 17% to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, 19% to tetracycline, 10.3% to ciprofloxacin, 10.5% to streptomycin, 3.8% to chloramphenicol, 79.3% to cephalothin, 18.4% to nalidixic acid, 6.6% to cefotaxime, and 12.2% to trimethoprim. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of resistant Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from food and clinical specimens in Iran to β-lactams, while the resistance rates to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolone and chloramphenicol were low. Our findings recommended the necessity of a continuous surveillance of the resistance patterns and prudent use of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid to prevent the development of antibioticresistant Y. enterocolitica strains in Iran.

Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant E. coli in Surface Water: A Study in a Typical Urban Watershed, Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Na Yoo ◽  
Seo Jin Ki ◽  
Joo-Hyon Kang ◽  
Young-Sik Ham ◽  
Sung Min Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Urban Watershed ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance Rates

Elevated levels of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria are routinely detected in surface water, whereas the dissemination of such bacteria across tributaries, rivers, or watersheds is often unknown. In a present study, one year of water quality monitoring was conducted to assess the sources, occurrence, and distribution of AR bacteria in a typical urban watershed, the Gwangju Watershed, Korea. For this study, a total of 828 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from 8 sites in stream water were tested for their resistance against 15 different antibiotics. Results revealed that while antibiotic resistance of the E. coli isolates showed no significant difference among sites, resistance rates to one and more antibiotics were always higher than those of non-antibiotic (below 50%), representing a high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the surface water. Among the antibiotics tested, the isolates were most resistant to tetracycline (50%), followed by carbenicillin (33%) and ampicillin (32%). However, the resistance rates showed no measurable difference between the isolates from the wastewater treatment plants and those from downstream sites, except for streptomycin (p < 0.05), indicating that untreated sewage discharge was not a primary source of the resistance. In addition, no significant difference in resistance rates was observed between summer and winter seasons. When the relationship between resistance rates in 828 E. coli isolates to antibiotics and those of multiple antibiotic resistance was further examined, a high correlation was found in streptomycin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, tetracycline, and ampicillin, thus suggesting that these antibiotics could be used as potential indicators for representing the resistance rate of E. coli isolates in surface water.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistant gens of Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from untreated hospital wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Baghal Asghari ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Dehghani ◽  
Reza Dehghanzadeh ◽  
Davoud Farajzadeh ◽  
Kamyar Yaghmaeian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Hospitals are considered an important factor in spread of ARB and ARGs. Purpose of this research was to characterize the microbial populations in hospital wastewater and investigated the prevalence of β-lactamase, SulІ and QnrS resistant genes. In the first step, culture method was used for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In the next step, accurate identification of isolated bacteria was done with PCR method, then the resistance of the bacteria at different concentrations of antibiotics (8–128 μg/mL) was examined. Eventually the ARGs were detected using PCR method. The average of HPC and ARB concentration in wastewater samples was 1.8 × 108 and 4.3 × 106 CFU/100 mL. The highest resistance rates was found for Sulfamethoxazole and the highest resistance rates in the β-lactamase group was for ceftazidime while highest sensitivity was for gentamicin and there was no isolate that was sensitive to studied antibiotics. SulІ and QnrS were the highest and lowest abundance of all ARGs in samples respectively and blaSHV was highest β-lactam resistant gene. Our results indicated an increase in the resistance of identified bacteria to several antibiotics. So it can be concluded that numerous antibiotic-resistant pathogens and vast ARGs exist in the human body that their release from hospitals without effective treatment, cause many dangers to the environment and human health.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Mesophilic Aeromonas in Three Riverine Freshwaters of Marrakech, Morocco

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 796-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boujamaa Imziln
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Polluted Waters

I n order to evaluate the impact of pollution and sewage on the occurrence and antibiotic resistance of mesophilic aeromonads in riverine freshwaters of Marrakech, samples were collected from three rivers (Oukaimeden, Ourika, and Tensift) upstream and downstream from the principal bordering villages. During a 2-year study, indicators of pollution increased dramatically in the downstream waters. Bacterial indicators (faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci) correlated with mesophilic aeromonads only in heavily polluted waters. In low and moderately polluted sources, densities of mesophilic aeromonads were independent of water quality indicators and did not correlate statistically with faecal indicators. Average counts of Aeromonas in low and heavily polluted waters were 2.5 × 103 and 2.1 × 106 colony forming units per 100 ml, respectively. The biochemical identification of 841 isolates indicated a predominance of A. caviae in heavily and moderately polluted water and sediment. A. hydrophila was dominant only in low polluted waters and when the temperature was below 12°C. High densities of A. sobria were found in low, moderately polluted, or cleaned waters and when the water temperature was above 18°C. All selected isolates (total = 841) were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 21 antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance frequencies recorded were: ampicillin and amoxicillin, 100%; novobiocin, 96%; cefalotin, 81%; colistin, 72%; sulfamethoxazole, 40%; cefamandole, 37%; polymyxin B, 23%; trimethoprim, 17%; erythromycin, 15%; streptomycin, 8%; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 5%. Resistance to cefotaxime, kanamycin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, nalidixic acid, rifampicin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found to be <5%. Antibiotic resistance rates did vary according to the source of a strain’s isolation, and high numbers of antibiotic resistant strains were recorded in polluted samples. Since no correlation between mesophilic aeromonads and conventional faecal pollution indicators was observed in low or moderately polluted waters, and since these freshwaters are used for domestic supply, we propose the use of mesophilic aeromonads as complementary water pollution indicators to ensure the safety of water.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Nosocomial Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii in Kazakhstan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Alyona Lavrinenko ◽  
Eugene Sheck ◽  
Svetlana Kolesnichenko ◽  
Ilya Azizov ◽  
Anar Turmukhambetova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Chromosomal Loci ◽  
Pcr Genotyping

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii antibiotic-resistant strains in Kazakhstan and to characterize genotypes related to epidemic “high-risk” clones. Two hundred and twenty four A. baumannii isolates from four cities of Kazakhstan in 2011–2019 were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using broth microdilutions method according to EUCAST (v 11.0) recommendations. The presence of blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24/40-like,blaOXA-58-like,blaVIM,blaIMP, and blaNDM genes was determined by PCR. Genotyping was performed using high-throughput real-time PCR detection of 21 SNPs at 10 chromosomal loci used in existing MLST schemes. Resistance rates to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin were 81.3%, 78.6%, 79.9%, 65.2%, and 89.3%, respectively. No colistin resistant isolates were detected. The values of the MIC 50% and the MIC 90% of tigecycline were 0.125 mg/L, only four isolates (1.8%) had the ECOFF value >0.5 mg/L. The presence of acquired carbapenemase genes was found in 82.2% strains, including blaOXA-23-like (78.6%) or blaOXA-58-like (3.6%) genes. The spreading of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii strains in Kazakhstan was associated with epidemic “high-risk” clonal groups, predominantly, CG208(92)OXF/CG2PAS (80.8%) and less often CG231(109)OXF/CG1PAS (1.8%).

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from raw foods of animal origin in South West part of Slovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kročko ◽  
M. Čanigová ◽  
V. Ducková ◽  
A. Artimová ◽  
J. Bezeková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
West Part ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Raw Foods

We determined the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of enterococci isolated from raw foods of animal origin. All samples were positive for enterococci. The lowest count of enterococci was found in pork (2.00 log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>), while bryndza cheese contained the highest count (4.99 log CFU/g). Among the 349 Enterococcus isolates, 49% were E. faecalis, 29% E. faecium, and 13% Enterococcus spp. Tetracycline and gentamicin resistance was the most common. We found the highest tetracycline resistance levels (91%) in isolates from poultry samples. The isolates from the poultry samples also displayed multidrug resistance to all antibiotics tested. The most common vancomycin-resistant species in poultry and milk was E. faecalis. In contrast, the pork samples contained vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates. It is interesting to note that vancomycin resistance in the pork and poultry samples was found only in combination with either four (28%) or all five (14%) of the tested antibiotics. Our results suggest that raw products of animal origin are possible reservoirs of multi-antibiotic resistant enterococci in the food chain.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Haitham Abdelkarim-Elafifi ◽  
Isabel Parada-Avendaño ◽  
Josep Arnabat-Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Biofilm Disruption

Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a growing global problem where overprescription is a contributing factor for its development. In the endodontics field, complementary treatments, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), have been described to eliminate residual bacteria from the root canal space and reduce complications. The aim of this review is to describe the literature evidence up to now regarding the advantages, efficiency, and clinical outcomes of this therapy in endodontics as a possible tool to combat antibiotic resistance. Methods: A review of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was carried out using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two steps were taken: First, articles were compiled through the terms and MeSH terms “Photochesdmotherapy” and “endodontics.” Then, a second search was conducted using “photodynamic therapy” and “antibiotic resistance” or “drug resistance, microbial.” Results: A total of 51 articles were included for evaluation: 27 laboratory studies, 14 reviews, and 10 clinical studies. Laboratory studies show that aPDT achieves significant bacterial elimination, even against antibiotic-resistant species, and is also effective in biofilm disruption. Clinical studies suggest that aPDT can be considered a promising technique to reduce bacterial complications, and reviews about the issue confirm its advantages. Conclusion: The benefits of aPDT in reducing complications due to its antibacterial effects means a possible decrease in systemic antibiotic prescription in endodontics. In addition, it could be an alternative to local intracanal antibiotic therapy, avoiding the appearance of possible antibiotic resistance, as no bacterial resistance with aPDT has been described to date.

Relationship of antibiotic resistance to results of treatment in sepsis patients in Hue Central Hospital 2017 – 2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Nguyen ◽  
Trung Tien Phan ◽  
Trong Hanh Hoang ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of

Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

scholarly journals Extracellular DNA (eDNA): Neglected and Potential Sources of Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARGs) in the Aquatic Environments

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Periyasamy Sivalingam ◽  
John Poté ◽  
Kandasamy Prabakar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Potential Public Health

Over the past decades, the rising antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) are continuing to emerge as a global threat due to potential public health risk. Rapidly evolving antibiotic resistance and its persistence in the environment, have underpinned the need for more studies to identify the possible sources and limit the spread. In this context, not commonly studied and a neglected genetic material called extracellular DNA (eDNA) is gaining increased attention as it can be one of the significant drivers for transmission of extracellular ARGS (eARGs) via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to competent environmental bacteria and diverse sources of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Consequently, this review highlights the studies that address the environmental occurrence of eDNA and encoding eARGs and its impact on the environmental resistome. In this review, we also brief the recent dedicated technological advancements that are accelerating extraction of eDNA and the efficiency of treatment technologies in reducing eDNA that focuses on environmental antibiotic resistance and potential ecological health risk.

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