scholarly journals Novel Bioactive and Therapeutic Dental Polymeric Materials to Inhibit Periodontal Pathogens and Biofilms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Chi ◽  
Manlin Qi ◽  
Lan A ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Michael Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Polymer Application

Periodontitis is a common infectious disease characterized by loss of tooth-supporting structures, which eventually leads to tooth loss. The heavy burden of periodontal disease and its negative consequence on the patient’s quality of life indicate a strong need for developing effective therapies. According to the World Health Organization, 10–15% of the global population suffers from severe periodontitis. Advances in understanding the etiology, epidemiology and microbiology of periodontal pocket flora have called for antibacterial therapeutic strategies for periodontitis treatment. Currently, antimicrobial strategies combining with polymer science have attracted tremendous interest in the last decade. This review focuses on the state of the art of antibacterial polymer application against periodontal pathogens and biofilms. The first part focuses on the different polymeric materials serving as antibacterial agents, drug carriers and periodontal barrier membranes to inhibit periodontal pathogens. The second part reviews cutting-edge research on the synthesis and evaluation of a new generation of bioactive dental polymers for Class-V restorations with therapeutic effects. They possess antibacterial, acid-reduction, protein-repellent, and remineralization capabilities. In addition, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy with polymeric materials against periodontal pathogens and biofilms is also briefly described in the third part. These novel bioactive and therapeutic polymeric materials and treatment methods have great potential to inhibit periodontitis and protect tooth structures.

scholarly journals COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kotfis ◽  
Kacper Lechowicz ◽  
Sylwester Drożdżal ◽  
Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
Tomasz K. Wojdacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

In March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The clinical course of the disease is unpredictable but may lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been shown that pulmonary fibrosis may be one of the major long-term complications of COVID-19. In animal models, the use of spironolactone was proven to be an important drug in the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. Through its dual action as a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist and an androgenic inhibitor, spironolactone can provide significant benefits concerning COVID-19 infection. The primary effect of spironolactone in reducing pulmonary edema may also be beneficial in COVID-19 ARDS. Spironolactone is a well-known, widely used and safe anti-hypertensive and antiandrogenic medication. It has potassium-sparing diuretic action by antagonizing mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs). Spironolactone and potassium canrenoate, exerting combined pleiotropic action, may provide a therapeutic benefit to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia through antiandrogen, MR blocking, antifibrotic and anti-hyperinflammatory action. It has been proposed that spironolactone may prevent acute lung injury in COVID-19 infection due to its pleiotropic effects with favorable renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and ACE2 expression, reduction in transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) activity and antiandrogenic action, and therefore it may prove to act as additional protection for patients at highest risk of severe pneumonia. Future prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Targeting CD146 with a 64Cu-labeled antibody enables in vivo immunoPET imaging of high-grade gliomas

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. E6525-E6534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunan Yang ◽  
Reinier Hernandez ◽  
Jun Rao ◽  
Li Yin ◽  
Yazhuo Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Grade ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Resected Tumor ◽  
Health Organization

Given the highly heterogeneous character of brain malignancies and the associated implication for its proper diagnosis and treatment, finding biomarkers that better characterize this disease from a molecular standpoint is imperative. In this study, we evaluated CD146 as a potential molecular target for diagnosis and targeted therapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal brain malignancy. YY146, an anti-CD146 monoclonal antibody, was generated and radiolabeled for noninvasive positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging of orthotopic GBM models. 64Cu-labeled YY146 preferentially accumulated in the tumors of mice bearing U87MG xenografts, which allowed the acquisition of high-contrast PET images of small tumor nodules (∼2 mm). Additionally, we found that tumor uptake correlated with the levels of CD146 expression in a highly specific manner. We also explored the potential therapeutic effects of YY146 on the cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) properties of U87MG cells, demonstrating that YY146 can mitigate those aggressive phenotypes. Using YY146 as the primary antibody, we performed histological studies of World Health Organization (WHO) grades I through IV primary gliomas. The positive correlation found between CD146-positive staining and high tumor grade (χ2 = 9.028; P = 0.029) concurred with the GBM data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validated the clinical value of YY146. In addition, we demonstrate that YY146 can be used to detect CD146 in various cancer cell lines and human resected tumor tissues of multiple other tumor types (gastric, ovarian, liver, and lung), indicating a broad applicability of YY146 in solid tumors.

scholarly journals What Is the Role of Interleukins in Breast Cancer Bone Metastases? A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Salamanna ◽  
Veronica Borsari ◽  
Deyanira Contartese ◽  
Viviana Costa ◽  
Gianluca Giavaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Health Organization

Breast cancer cells produce stimulators of bone resorption known as interleukins (ILs). However, data on the functional roles of ILs in the homing of metastatic breast cancer to bone are still fragmented. A systematic search was carried out in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection) to identify preclinical reports, and in three clinical registers (ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Register) to identify clinical trials, from 2008 to 2019. Sixty-seven preclinical studies and 11 clinical trials were recognized as eligible. Although preclinical studies identified specific key ILs which promote breast cancer bone metastases, which have pro-metastatic effects (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-11), and whose inhibition also shows potential preclinical therapeutic effects, the clinical trials focused principally on ILs (IL-2 and IL-12), which have an anti-metastatic effect and a potential to generate a localized and systemic antitumor response. However, these clinical trials are yet to post any results or conclusions. This inconsistency indicates that further studies are necessary to further develop the understanding of cellular and molecular relations, as well as signaling pathways, both up- and downstream of ILs, which could represent a novel strategy to treat tumors that are resistant to standard care therapies for patients affected by breast cancer bone disease.

scholarly journals Dendrimers as Drug Carriers. A New Approach to Increase the Potential of Bioactive Natural Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Health Organization

Nanotechnology is a challenging field in science and its application in medicine will bring significant advantages in the treatment of diseases. According to the World Health Organization there is a need for improved therapies against cancer, AIDS and Alzheimer's disease. The new therapies include the design of drug delivery systems, which are able to deliver new bioactive natural products to the target tissues. Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers with well defined structure and molecular weight; they are composed of a central core and repeated branching units; they have a globular shape, low polydispersity and large void internal spaces that can be used for the encapsulation and delivery of many classes of compounds. Nanosystems, such as dendrimers, can achieve successful administration of poorly water-soluble compounds and those with narrow therapeutic indices.

scholarly journals Probiotic Products in Canada with Clinical Evidence: What Can Gastroenterologists Recommend?

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Kingsley Anukam ◽  
Tara Koyama
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Canada

Probiotics, defined as ‘live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host’, are finally becoming an option for gastroenterologists in Canada, after being available for many years in Japan, Europe and the United States of America. Unfortunately, Health Canada and the US Food and Drug Administration have not controlled the use of the term ‘probiotic’ or put into place United Nations and World Health Organization guidelines. The net result is that a host of products called ‘probiotics’ are available but are not truly probiotic. The aim of the present review was to discuss the rationale for probiotics in gastroenterology, and specifically examine which products are options for physicians in Canada, and which ones patients might be using. It is hoped that by clarifying what probiotics are, and the strengths and limitations of their use, specialists will be better placed to make recommendations on the role of these products in patient care. In due course, more clinically documented probiotics will emerge, some with therapeutic effects based on a better understanding of disease processes.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of antibiotics loaded cellulose nanofiber and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharide composite hydrogels for periodontitis treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athira Johnson ◽  
Fanbin Kong ◽  
Song Miao ◽  
Hong-Ting Victor Lin ◽  
Sabu Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that can lead to the periodontal pocket formation and tooth loss. This study was aimed to develop antimicrobials loaded hydrogels composed of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (CO) nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontitis. Two antimicrobial agents such as surfactin and Herbmedotcin were selected as the therapeutic agents and the hydrogels were formulated based on the increasing concentration of surfactin. The proposed material has high thermal stability, controlled release, and water absorption capacity. This study was proceeded by investigating the in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydrogels. This material has strong antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) production and a decrease in biofilm formation and metabolic activity of the bacteria was observed in the presence of hydrogel. Besides, it reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, transcription factor, and cytokines production in human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) under inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, the hydrogels were successfully developed and proven to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for the treatment of periodontitis. Thus, it can be used as an excellent candidate for periodontitis treatment.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling to Assess the Impact of Lockdown on COVID-19 Transmission in India: Model Development and Validation

10.2196/19368 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e19368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakiya Ambikapathy ◽  
Kamalanand Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Impact

Background The World Health Organization has declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a public health emergency; at present, India is facing a major threat of community spread. We developed a mathematical model for investigating and predicting the effects of lockdown on future COVID-19 cases with a specific focus on India. Objective The objective of this work was to develop and validate a mathematical model and to assess the impact of various lockdown scenarios on COVID-19 transmission in India. Methods A model consisting of a framework of ordinary differential equations was developed by incorporating the actual reported cases in 14 countries. After validation, the model was applied to predict COVID-19 transmission in India for different intervention scenarios in terms of lockdown for 4, 14, 21, 42, and 60 days. We also assessed the situations of enhanced exposure due to aggregation of individuals in transit stations and shopping malls before the lockdown. Results The developed model is efficient in predicting the number of COVID-19 cases compared to the actual reported cases in 14 countries. For India, the model predicted marked reductions in cases for the intervention periods of 14 and 21 days of lockdown and significant reduction for 42 days of lockdown. Such intervention exceeding 42 days does not result in measurable improvement. Finally, for the scenario of “panic shopping” or situations where there is a sudden increase in the factors leading to higher exposure to infection, the model predicted an exponential transmission, resulting in failure of the considered intervention strategy. Conclusions Implementation of a strict lockdown for a period of at least 21 days is expected to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. However, a further extension of up to 42 days is required to significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in India. Any relaxation in the lockdown may lead to exponential transmission, resulting in a heavy burden on the health care system in the country.

Traditional and classic methods of therapeutic effects at the dorsopathies

10.12737/5033 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Чигарев ◽  
A. Chigarev ◽  
Шилов ◽  
A. Shilov ◽  
Агасаров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Homeopathic Remedies

Dorsopathies are enduring importance among medical problems. This confirms the fact that the World Health Organization declared a theme associated with dorsopathies, as priorities for the next five-year period. It should be emphasized that the etiology and pathogenesis of these states are reviewed with the «enviable» frequency, and this, naturally, is reflected on the principles of treatment and rehabilitation of this contingent. In this review the mechanisms and features of application of the basic drug and non-drug methods of treatment used in modern clinic, are considered. It should be noted that a use of a complex approach, aimed at correction and relief of various vertebral and pathological manifestations, is optimal in this case. In particular, the review presents in details the options for medical treatment and a variety of technologies of physical stimulation - from traction to modern hardware methods of physiotherapy. Taking into account authors’ own original developments, special attention is paid to theoretical and practical aspects of reflexology, which is widely used in complex therapy of patients with dorsopathies. In this block, the authors provide Oriental, traditional approaches to acupuncture and promising ways, based on the combined use of Eastern and Western medical schemes. The authors identify separately the pharmacopuncture as the action caused by the summation of the effects as reflex irritation and entered in the field point of medicaments. Pharmacopuncture involves the use of various medicines, but complex homeopathic remedies provide a distinct therapeutic result, i.e., the authors suggest that there are subtle mechanisms of interaction between point and drugs of this class.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Survey of Using Machine Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Nora El-Rashidy ◽  
Samir Abdelrazik ◽  
Tamer Abuhmed ◽  
Eslam Amer ◽  
Farman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Data Types ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Health Organization

Since December 2019, the global health population has faced the rapid spreading of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). With the incremental acceleration of the number of infected cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported COVID-19 as an epidemic that puts a heavy burden on healthcare sectors in almost every country. The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context is difficult to ignore. AI companies have been racing to develop innovative tools that contribute to arm the world against this pandemic and minimize the disruption that it may cause. The main objective of this study is to survey the decisive role of AI as a technology used to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Five significant applications of AI for COVID-19 were found, including (1) COVID-19 diagnosis using various data types (e.g., images, sound, and text); (2) estimation of the possible future spread of the disease based on the current confirmed cases; (3) association between COVID-19 infection and patient characteristics; (4) vaccine development and drug interaction; and (5) development of supporting applications. This study also introduces a comparison between current COVID-19 datasets. Based on the limitations of the current literature, this review highlights the open research challenges that could inspire the future application of AI in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Targeting stroke risk and improving outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Stambler ◽  
◽  
Fernando Scazzuso ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Risk Factor Modification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: To examine stroke risk factors, including atrial fibrillation, management and prevention, and stroke outcomes across Latin America. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review conducted at Piedmont Heart Institute, United States. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for stroke AND "Latin America" AND epidemiology (between January 2009 and March 2015). Further studies in the SciELO, World Health Organization and Pan-American Health Organization databases were used to address specific points. RESULTS: Countries categorized as low or middle-income nations by the World Bank, which includes most of Latin America, account for two-thirds of all strokes. Globally, fewer than half of patients (median treatment level: 43.9%) with atrial fibrillation receive adequate anticoagulation to reduce stroke risk, which correlates with data from Latin America, where 46% of outpatients did not receive guideline-compliant anticoagulation, ranging from 41.8% in Brazil to 54.8% in Colombia. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation-related stroke carries a heavy burden. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants provide options for reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation-related stroke. However, cost-effectiveness comparisons with warfarin are warranted before observational health-economics study results can be applied clinically. Initiatives to remedy inequalities and improve access to care across Latin America should accompany risk factor modification and guideline-based prevention.

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