scholarly journals Host-Induced Gene Silencing: A Powerful Strategy to Control Diseases of Wheat and Barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuo Qi ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Zhensheng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
The World ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Powerful Strategy

Wheat and barley are the most highly produced and consumed grains in the world. Various pathogens—viruses, bacteria, fungi, insect pests, and nematode parasites—are major threats to yield and economic losses. Strategies for the management of disease control mainly depend on resistance or tolerance breeding, chemical control, and biological control. The discoveries of RNA silencing mechanisms provide a transgenic approach for disease management. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) employing RNA silencing mechanisms and, specifically, silencing the targets of invading pathogens, has been successfully applied in crop disease prevention. Here, we cover recent studies that indicate that HIGS is a valuable tool to protect wheat and barley from diseases in an environmentally friendly way.

scholarly journals Amenability of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to gene silencing through exogenous administration and host-delivered dsRNA in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhurima Chatterjee ◽  
Jyoti Yadav ◽  
Maniraj Rathinam ◽  
Kesiraju Karthik ◽  
Gopal Chowdhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Plant Level

Abstract Insect pests are one of the major biotic stresses limiting yield in commercially important food crops. The lepidopteran polyphagous spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata causes significant economic losses in legumes including pigeonpea. RNAi-based gene silencing has emerged as one of the potential biotechnological tools for crop improvement. We report in this paper, RNAi in M. vitrata through exogenous administration of dsRNA encoding three functionally important genes, Alpha-amylase (α-amylase), Chymotrypsin-like serine protease (CTLP) and Tropomyosin (TPM) into the larval haemolymph and their host-delivered RNAi in pigeonpea. Significant decline in the expression of selected genes supported by over-expression of DICER and generation of siRNA indicated the occurrence of RNAi in the dsRNA-injected larvae. Additionally, the onset of RNAi in the herbivore was demonstrated in pigeonpea, one of the prominent hosts, by host-delivered RNAi. Transgenics in pigeonpea (cv. Pusa992), a highly recalcitrant crop, were developed through a shoot apical meristem-targeted in planta transformation strategy and evaluated. Plant level bioassays in transgenic events characterized and selected at molecular level showed mortality of M. vitrata larvae as well as reduced feeding when compared to wild type. Furthermore, molecular evidences for down regulation of target genes in the insects that fed on transgenics authenticated RNAi. Considering the variability of gene silencing in lepidopteran pests, this study provided corroborative proof for the possibility of gene silencing in M. vitrata through both the strategies.

scholarly journals Killer Yeasts for the Biological Control of Postharvest Fungal Crop Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Mariana Andrea Díaz ◽  
Martina María Pereyra ◽  
Ernesto Picón-Montenegro ◽  
Friedhelm Meinhardt ◽  
Julián Rafael Dib
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Killer Yeasts ◽  
The World ◽  
Crop Diseases ◽  
Yeast Killer

Every year and all over the world the fungal decay of fresh fruit and vegetables frequently generates substantial economic losses. Synthetic fungicides, traditionally used to efficiently combat the putrefactive agents, emerged, however, as the cause of environmental and human health issues. Given the need to seek for alternatives, several biological approaches were followed, among which those with killer yeasts stand out. Here, after the elaboration of the complex of problems, we explain the hitherto known yeast killer mechanisms and present the implementation of yeasts displaying such phenotype in biocontrol strategies for pre- or postharvest treatments to be aimed at combating postharvest fungal decay in numerous agricultural products.

Multiple Parasitism : Its Relation to the Biological Control of Insect Pests

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
The World

“ The condor lays a couple of eggs and the ostrich a score, and yet in the same country the condor may be the more numerous of the two ; the Fulmar petrel lays but one egg, yet it is believed to be the most numerous bird in the world. One fly deposits hundreds of eggs, and another, like the hippobosca, a single one ; but this difference does not determine how many individuals of the two species can be supported in a district.”—Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species.

scholarly journals Potentials of some entomopathogens against the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Tozlu ◽  
Islam Saruhan ◽  
Göksel Tozlu ◽  
Recep Kotan ◽  
Fatih Dadaşoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Bacterial Isolates

AbstractThe brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive harmful pest species due to its economic losses. Its wide host range and continuous movement make its control difficult with insecticides. Biological control has recently gained importance due to the negative aspects of chemical control. The study evaluated the biological control tools by testing the entomopathogens against the pest by 11 bacteria strains and 1 fungal isolate. Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Pantoea, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Beauveria were tested against the nymphs of H. halys under controlled conditions. All applied entomopathogens had potentials for controlling H. halys. Mortality rates of 75 and 100% were obtained by the bacteria strains and 76.19% by the fungus, B. bassiana. Successfully reaching a 100% control rate, the bacterial isolates of the Bacillus cereus GC subgroup B and Pantoea agglomerans GC subgroup were recorded to have a greater potential than the others.

scholarly journals Analisis Economico Del Control Biológico De La Araña Roja (Tetranychus Spp) En El Cultivo De La Rosa A Través De La Aplicación Del Hongo Entomopatogeno (Verticillium Lecanii)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Armando Esteban Espinoza Espinoza ◽  
Carla Sofía Arguello Guadalupe ◽  
José Luis Hidalgo Gallegos ◽  
Carlos Raúl Camacho Latorre ◽  
Homero Santiago Robalino Robalino
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The World

The production of roses in Ecuador is an economic opportunity that has been increasing since the 1980's. Ecuador is the fourth country in the world with a comparative advantage in rose production. Its quality and variety of colors has positioned the Ecuadorian rose as one of the best in the world. The research aims to compare four control treatments of the red spider (Tetranychus spp). Three of them are controlled through biological control (Verticillium Lecanii), while one of them is through chemical control. It tries to identify which one is the most efficient and that has the greatest economic benefit when compared to the control costs of each treatment. The results show significant evidence on T4 (chemical control), which is not only the most efficient in controlling mites at all stages of development. Also, it proves to be the least costly and it therefore provides greater profitability to the company.

scholarly journals Bioprotection - getting the most out of biological control in pasture pest management

2002 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
T.A. Jackson ◽  
A.J. Popay ◽  
S.L. Goldson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Control Insect

Pasture damage from insect pests is an increasing concern with rising forage value and biosecurity breaches. At the same time options for traditional chemical control of pests are becoming limited. Biological control of insect pests is important in limiting pest damage, with toxin-producing endophytes, parasitoids and insect diseases the key components limiting insect pest populations and damage in pastures. We are proposing a bioprotection strategy for pasture pest management that maximises the benefit of biocontrol and changes the emphasis from curative to preventative action in the protection of pastures from damaging pests. Keywords: bioprotection, biological control, insect pests, pest management

scholarly journals Efficacy of some native entomopathogenic nematodes against the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), adults under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Çağlayan ◽  
Turgut Atay ◽  
İlker Kepenekci
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have more important role in biological control of economic insect pests. The effect of native EPNs on adults of the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann, 1873) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which are important alfalfa pests in Turkey and around the world, was investigated. Results Dose-mortality assays were carried out with 5 isolates [Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (isolate 09-31), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) (isolate 09-43), H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut, and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas] using doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 IJs ml−1 under the laboratory conditions. Studies showed that all isolates had an effect 90% and more at 2000 IJs ml−1 and at the end of 112 h [except, H. bacteriophora (isolate 09-43) and H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut isolates against H. postica]. In addition, LT30, LT50, and LT90 values at 1000 IJs ml−1 were determined. Conclusions According to the results, G. fornicata adults were susceptible to all isolates tested in the study and H. postica adults were susceptible to the isolates S. carpocapsae (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae (isolate 09-31), and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas. This is the first study conducted in Turkey for the virulence of EPNs against G. fornicata and H. postica.

Integrated Pest Management — How to do It?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ausher
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Control Failures ◽  
Intensive Control

Protection of crop and ornamental plants from noxious organisms — insects, nematodes, mites, pathogens and weeds — is indispensable to modern agriculture. Despite intensive control efforts, about 50% of the world's crops are lost to these organisms, at an estimated annual cost of about 400 billion dollars. Ever since the advent of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s, modern crop protection has been largely based on chemical control. Pesticide expenditures are about 20% of total farming input costs, although this figure varies substantially according to crop and region. Mounting environmental concerns and pest control failures have made It increasingly clear that the use of toxic pesticides In agriculture should be drastically reduced all over the world.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document