scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Efficient Mechanism of α-Linolenic Acid in Tree Peony Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Zhang ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
Daoyang Sun ◽  
Md Rahman ◽  
Lihang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Genes

Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) species are woody oil crops with high unsaturated fatty acid content, including α-linolenic acid (ALA/18:3; >40% of the total fatty acid). Comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for high and low ALA content in the developing seeds of P. rockii and P. lutea, respectively. Expression analysis of acyl lipid metabolism genes revealed upregulation of select genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis, acyl editing, desaturation, and triacylglycerol assembly in seeds of P. rockii relative to P. lutea. Also, in association with ALA content in seeds, transcript levels for fatty acid desaturases (SAD, FAD2, and FAD3), which encode enzymes necessary for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, were higher in P. rockii compared to P. lutea. Furthermore, the overexpression of PrFAD2 and PrFAD3 in Arabidopsis increased linoleic and ALA content, respectively, and modulated the final ratio 18:2/18:3 in the seed oil. In conclusion, we identified the key steps and validated the necessary desaturases that contribute to efficient ALA synthesis in a woody oil crop. Together, these results will aid to increase essential fatty acid content in seeds of tree peonies and other crops of agronomic interest.

scholarly journals Expression of a Bacterial Trehalose-6-phosphate Synthase otsA Increases Oil Accumulation in Plant Seeds and Vegetative Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Zhai ◽  
Jantana Keereetaweep ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Regina Feil ◽  
John E. Lunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Suspension Cell Culture ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Transgenic Seeds

We previously demonstrated that exogenous trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) treatment stabilized WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a master transcriptional regulator of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and increased total FA content in Brassica napus (B. napus) embryo suspension cell culture. Here, we explore Arabidopsis lines heterologously expressing the Escherichia coli T6P synthase (otsA) or T6P phosphatase (otsB) to refine our understanding regarding the role of T6P in regulating fatty acid synthesis both in seeds and vegetative tissues. Arabidopsis 35S:otsA transgenic seeds showed an increase of 13% in fatty acid content compared to those of wild type (WT), while seeds of 35:otsB transgenic seeds showed a reduction of 12% in fatty acid content compared to WT. Expression of otsB significantly reduced the level of WRI1 and expression of its target genes in developing seeds. Like Arabidopsis seeds constitutively expressing otsA, transient expression of otsA in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in strongly elevated levels of T6P. This was accompanied by an increase of 29% in de novo fatty acid synthesis rate, a 2.3-fold increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) and a 20% increase in total fatty acid content relative to empty vector (EV) controls. Taken together, these data support the heterologous expression of otsA as an approach to increasing TAG accumulation in plant seeds and vegetative tissues.

EPTC Altered Beet Disc Betacyanin Efflux and Fatty Acid Synthesis

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
A. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Total Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride

Betacyanin efflux from “aged” red beet (Beta vulgarisL.) root tissue, measured spectrophotometrically, was increased as temperature and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) concentration increased. Acetate-2-14C (∗Ac) incorporation into the total fatty acid content was inhibited by EPTC. EPTC inhibited the incorporation of∗Ac into the dienoic fatty acids and NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride) reversed the EPTC induced inhibition of the incorporation of ∗Ac into dienoic fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet Supplementation on the Expression of Bovine Genes Associated with Fatty Acid Synthesis and Metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. BBI.S4168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep J. Joseph ◽  
Kelly R. Robbins ◽  
Enrique Pavan ◽  
Scott L. Pratt ◽  
Susan K. Duckett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Diet Supplementation

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are of important nutritional and health benefit to human. Food products of animal origin are their major dietary source and their concentration increases with high concentrate diets fed to animals. To examine the effects of diet supplementation on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, 28 Angus steers were fed either pasture only, pasture with soybean hulls and corn oil, pasture with corn grain, or high concentrate diet. At slaughter, samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected, from which RNA was extracted. Relative abundance of gene expression was measured using Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome array. An ANOVA model nested within gene was used to analyze the background adjusted, normalized average difference of probe-level intensities. To control experiment wise error, a false discovery rate of 0.01 was imposed on all contrasts. Expression of several genes involved in the synthesis of enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism and lipogenesis such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid synthetase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty-acyl elongase (LCE) along with several trancription factors and co-activators involved in lipogenesis were found to be differentially expressed. Confirmatory RT-qPCR was done to validate the microarray results, which showed satisfactory correspondence between the two platforms. Results show that changes in diet by increasing dietary energy intake by supplementing high concentrate diet have effects on the transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in fat metabolism which in turn has effects on fatty acid content in the carcass tissue as well as carcass quality. Corn supplementation either as oil or grain appeared to significantly alter the expression of genes directly associated with fatty acid synthesis.

Fatty acid synthesis and generation of glycerol-3-phosphate in brown adipose tissue from rats fed a cafeteria diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria E. Chaves ◽  
Danúbia Frasson ◽  
Maria E.S. Martins-Santos ◽  
Luiz C.C. Navegantes ◽  
Victor D. Galban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Brown Adipose

In vivo fatty acid synthesis and the pathways of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) production were investigated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) from rats fed a cafeteria diet for 3 weeks. In spite of BAT activation, the diet promoted an increase in the carcass fatty acid content. Plasma insulin levels were markedly increased in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Two insulin-sensitive processes, in vivo fatty acid synthesis and in vivo glucose uptake (which was used to evaluate G3P generation via glycolysis) were increased in BAT from rats fed the cafeteria diet. Direct glycerol phosphorylation, evaluated by glycerokinase (GyK) activity and incorporation of [U-14C]glycerol into triacylglycerol (TAG)–glycerol, was also markedly increased in BAT from these rats. In contrast, the cafeteria diet induced a marked reduction of BAT glyceroneogenesis, evaluated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-C activity and incorporation of [1-14C]pyruvate into TAG–glycerol. BAT denervation resulted in an approximately 50% reduction of GyK activity, but did not significantly affect BAT in vivo fatty acid synthesis, in vivo glucose uptake, or glyceroneogenesis. The data suggest that the supply of G3P for BAT TAG synthesis can be adjusted independently from the sympathetic nervous system and solely by reciprocal changes in the generation of G3P via glycolysis and via glyceroneogenesis, with no participation of direct phosphorylation of glycerol by GyK.

Organoleptic properties and fatty acid content of muscle from young lambs and hoggets fed grass diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
M. Enser ◽  
E. Kurt ◽  
A. Chiles ◽  
G.R. Nute ◽  
J.D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Dietary Intake ◽  
Sheep Production

Sheep production under extensive conditions is environmentally friendly but on upland pastures animals may not reach slaughter weight within one season. However, meat from older ‘hoggets’ will have different organoleptic properties to that from ‘young’ lambs which may affect its acceptability. Whilst prolonged grazing could intensify the highly acceptable flavours associated with grass consumption, which result from a high dietary intake of α-linolenic acid, prolonged fattening can produce less acceptable muttony flavours. Meat quality differences between lambs and hoggets have been compared in this trial by examining 8- and 20- month old Herdwick sheep, produced on grass fells in Cumbria and reputed to produce high quality meat. Grass-fed Suffolk crosses aged 6 months have been used as a control.

scholarly journals Heterologous Production of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 6965-6971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Yazawa ◽  
Hitoshi Iwahashi ◽  
Yasushi Kamisaka ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kimura ◽  
Tsunehiro Aki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Medium Composition

ABSTRACT To make dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3n-6) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we introduced Kluyveromyces lactis Δ12 fatty acid desaturase, rat Δ6 fatty acid desaturase, and rat elongase genes. Because Fad2p is able to convert the endogenous oleic acid to linoleic acid, this allowed DGLA biosynthesis without the need to supply exogenous fatty acids on the media. Medium composition, cultivation temperature, and incubation time were examined to improve the yield of DGLA. Fatty acid content was increased by changing the medium from a standard synthetic dropout medium to a nitrogen-limited minimal medium (NSD). Production of DGLA was higher in the cells grown at 15�C than in those grown at 20�C, and no DGLA production was observed in the cells grown at 30�C. In NSD at 15�C, fatty acid content increased up until day 7 and decreased after day 10. When the cells were grown in NSD for 7 days at 15�C, the yield of DGLA reached 2.19 μg/mg of cells (dry weight) and the composition of DGLA to total fatty acids was 2.74%. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in S. cerevisiae without supplying the exogenous fatty acids.

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