scholarly journals Glucosinolate Profiling and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes Differentiate White Mold Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abuyusuf ◽  
Arif Robin ◽  
Ji-Hee Lee ◽  
Hee-Jeong Jung ◽  
Hoy-Taek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Glucosinolate Biosynthesis ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
Serious Disease

Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite considerable progress in investigating plant defense mechanisms against this pathogen, which have revealed the involvement of glucosinolates, the host–pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and S. sclerotiorum has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated glucosinolate profiles and the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in white-mold-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with S. sclerotiorum. The simultaneous rise in the levels of the aliphatic glucosinate glucoiberverin (GIV) and the indolic glucosinate glucobrassicin (GBS) was linked to white mold resistance in cabbage. Principal component analysis showed close association between fungal treatment and cabbage GIV and GBS contents. The correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between GIV content and expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5b-Bol026202 and ST5c-Bol030757, and between GBS content and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5a-Bol026200 and ST5a-Bol039395. Our results revealed that S. sclerotiorum infection of cabbage induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes, altering the content of individual glucosinolates. This relationship between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and accumulation of the corresponding glucosinolates and resistance to white mold extends the molecular understanding of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against S. sclerotiorum in cabbage.

scholarly journals Altered Glucosinolate Profiles and Expression of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes in Ringspot-Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abuyusuf ◽  
Arif Robin ◽  
Hoy-Taek Kim ◽  
Md. Islam ◽  
Jong-In Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principle Component Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pathogen Defense ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Glucosinolate Biosynthesis ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Serious Disease

Ringspot, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella brassicicola, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite noteworthy progress to reveal the role of glucosinolates in pathogen defense, the host–pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and M. brassicicola has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated the glucosinolate profiles and expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in the ringspot-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with M. brassicicola. The concomitant rise of aliphatic glucoiberverin (GIV) and indolic glucobrassicin (GBS) and methoxyglucobrassicin (MGBS) was linked with ringspot resistance in cabbage. Pearson’s correlation and principle component analysis showed a significant positive association between GIV contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene ST5b-Bol026202 and between GBS contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene MYB34-Bol017062. Our results confirmed that M. brassicicola infection induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in cabbage, which alters the content of individual glucosinolates. This link between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of their respective glucosinolates with the resistance to ringspot extends our molecular sense of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against M. brassicicola in cabbage.

Registration of Pinto Bean Germplasm Line USPT-WM-12 with Partial White Mold Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip N. Miklas ◽  
James D. Kelly ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Serena McCoy
Keyword(s):  
White Mold ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Germplasm Line ◽  
Mold Resistance

Validation of RAPD Markers for White Mold Resistance in Two Snap Bean Populations Based on Field and Greenhouse Evaluations

Crop Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2265-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Suk Chung ◽  
Michell E. Sass ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Mold Resistance

scholarly journals Analysis of infrared spectra of blood serum of patients with multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
D A Chernyshev ◽  
E S Mikhailets ◽  
E A Telnaya ◽  
L V Plotnikova ◽  
A D Garifullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Serious Disease

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a serious disease that is difficult to diagnose especially at early stage. Infrared spectroscopy is a promising approach for diagnosing MM. The principal component analysis (PCA) allows us to reduce the dimension of the data and keep only the important variables. In this study, we apply principal components analysis to infrared (IR) spectra of blood serum from healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients. As a result of the analysis by PCA, it was possible to visualize the separation of patient’s and donor’s samples into two clusters. The result indicates that this method is potentially applicable for diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

scholarly journals Mixolab versus Alveograph and Falling Number

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Codină ◽  
S. Mironeasa ◽  
D. Bordei ◽  
A. Leahu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Starch Gelatinisation

Recently, in 2005, a new method for monitoring the rheological properties of the dough on the entire technological process of bread making became available through Mixolab at an international level. This laboratory equipment has amazing possibilities for the research and development, enabling a complex analysis of flour. It allows the analysis of flour proteins quality (water absorption, stability, elasticity, weakening), the analysis of starch behaviour (gelatinisation, gelatinisation temperature, the modification of its consistency on additives addition) and the analysis of enzymatic activities (proteolytic, amylolytic). The objective of this study is to establish a relation between the alveograph, Falling Number, and Mixolab values. Sixty flours, collected around the Romanian country, were analysed simultaneously on alveograph (standard protocol), for the Falling Number, and on Mixolab ("Simulator" and the standard option "Chopin+" protocol). A selection of principal factors based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied which allowed the building of an efficient predictive model for each parameter. There were significant correlations between most of the Alveograph parameters: maximum pressure (P), deformation energy (W), extensibility (L), alveograph ratio (P/L) and Simulator Mixolab stability. Using the Mixolab standard option "Chopin+" protocol a close association was found between some Mixolab parameters: stability and protein weakening (C2, difference of the points C1–C2 abbreviated C12) and the alveograph values (P, W). From the point of view of the correlations established with the Falling Number index, very good results were obtained with the parameters obtained with Mixolab that measures starch gelatinisation (C3, difference of the points C3–C2 abbreviated C32), amylolytic activity (C4, difference of the points C3–C4 abbreviated C34), and starch gelling (C5, difference of the points C5-C4 abbreviated C54).

Identification of QTL Associated with White Mold Resistance in Common Bean

Crop Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2482-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Ender ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Mold Resistance

A multivariate analysis of water quality in Lake Naivasha, Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ndungu ◽  
Denie C. M. Augustijn ◽  
Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher ◽  
Bernard Fulanda ◽  
Nzula Kitaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Lake Naivasha ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

Water quality information in aquatic ecosystems is crucial in setting up guidelines for resource management. This study explores the water quality status and pollution sources in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Analysis of water quality parameters at seven sampling sites was carried out from water samples collected weekly from January to June and biweekly from July to November in 2011. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to analyse the dataset. Principal component analysis showed that four principal components (PCA-1 to PCA-4) explained 94.2% of the water quality variability. PCA-1 and PCA-2 bi-plot suggested that turbidity in the lake correlated directly to nutrients and iron with close association with the sampling site close to the mouth of Malewa River. Three distinct clusters were discerned from the CA analysis: Crescent Lake, a more or less isolated crater lake, the northern region of the lake, and the main lake. The pollution threat in Lake Naivasha includes agricultural and domestic sources. This study provides a valuable dataset on the current water quality status of Lake Naivasha, which is useful for formulating effective management strategies to safeguard ecosystem services and secure the livelihoods of the riparian communities around Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

scholarly journals A Greenhouse Screening Protocol for Fusarium Root Rot in Bean

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Schneider ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Short Time

Root rot, caused by Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, is a serious disease of bean for which successful control has been elusive. Genetic resistance to the pathogen is considered quantitative and is strongly influenced by environmental factors. To reduce environmental variation and facilitate selection in earlier generations, an accurate, consistent, and nondestructive greenhouse screen was developed for the evaluation of Fusarium root rot resistance in bean. We describe a protocol that involves the germination of seedlings in perlite, inoculation of roots and hypocotyls 10 days after planting and evaluation within 4 weeks. The accuracy of this greenhouse screen was confirmed by demonstrating significant correlations between greenhouse and field ratings. Two experiments that included 24 and 21 diverse bean genotypes, respectively, were performed in the greenhouse and the ratings were correlated with field ratings over two growing seasons. Correlation coefficients between the greenhouse and field ratings were significant and as high as 0.99. Numerous genotypes can be evaluated within a short time for relatively minimal costs and labor. Furthermore, once roots have been rated and dipped in fungicide, plants can be transplanted for production of seed. This simple, rapid, and inexpensive protocol reduces environmental variation inherent to field ratings, thereby more accurately representing physiological resistance while maintaining a close association with observed field ratings.

scholarly journals 061 Examining the Phaseolus coccineus Collection for White Mold Resistance

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 399A-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gilmore ◽  
James R. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Small Lesion ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Scarlet Runner Bean ◽  
Mold Resistance

White mold, (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), is an aggressive pathogen of beans and is capable of inflicting devastating damage on yield. Finding resistance is a major concern to bean breeders. The scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) is generally known to have greater resistance to white mold than does the common bean, (P. vulgaris). Since it is possible to cross these two species, we have started to examine the NPGS core collection of P. coccineus for resistance to this pathogen. A straw test was used to measure physiological resistance of bean stems to white mold. A rating of one equates to a small lesion, resulting from contact with inoculum, and a rating of nine describes total plant collapse. Controls that were used were two common beans, 91G, a commercially produced, blue lake type snap bean and ExRico, a small, white dry bean. The bean 91G received a straw test rating of 8.3, which correlates to a field test rating of 8.5. ExRico rated 7.4 with the straw test and had a field test score of 6.5. Within the P. coccineus collection we found very strong resistance, with straw test values of 1 and 2 in several individual plants and in some accessions. Accessions that had individuals that displayed the strongest resistance of all the plants tested were: PI201299, PI361302, PI406938, and PI535278. These accessions appeared to be segregating for white mold resistance. Accessions showing the best average resistance were: PI313221, PI361372, PI361539, and PI583553. Because P. coccineus is outcrossed, we expected to find variation within accessions for white mold resistance. Some accessions had uniformly high levels of resistance, while other accessions showed variability.

Large-seeded Common Bean PRA152, PRA154, and PRA155 with High Levels of Broad-Spectrum White Mold Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shree P. Singh ◽  
Howard F. Schwartz ◽  
Henry Terán ◽  
Carlos Centeno ◽  
Kristen Otto
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Mold Resistance
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