scholarly journals Characterization of Ecklonia cava Alginate Films Containing Cinnamon Essential Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Kyoung Baek ◽  
Sujin Kim ◽  
Kyung Song
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ecklonia Cava ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Leaf Oil

In this study, Ecklonia cava alginate (ECA) was used as a base material for biodegradable films. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used as a cross-linking agent, and various concentrations (0%, 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0%) of cinnamon leaf oil (CLO) or cinnamon bark oil (CBO) were incorporated to prepare active films. The ECA film containing 3% CaCl2 had a tensile strength (TS) of 17.82 MPa and an elongation at break (E) of 10.36%, which were higher than those of the film without CaCl2. As the content of essential oils (EOs) increased, TS decreased and E increased. Addition of CLO or CBO also provided antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to the ECA films. The antioxidant activity of the ECA film with CBO was higher than that of the film containing CLO. In particular, the scavenging activities of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals in the ECA film containing 1% CBO were 50.45% and 99.37%, respectively. In contrast, the antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were superior in the ECA films with CLO. These results suggest that ECA films containing CLO or CBO can be applied as new active packaging materials.

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Alpinia Rafflesiana and Their Antimicrobial Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariha Jusoh ◽  
Hasnah Mohd Sirat ◽  
Farediah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

The essential oils from the leaves, pseudostems, rhizomes and fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana were isolated by hydrodistillation. The oils were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The most abundant components in the leaf oil were trans-caryophyllene (32.61%), caryophyllene oxide (8.67%), (2 E,6 Z)-farnesol (4.91%) and α-terpineol (4.25%), while 1,8-cineole (32.25%), myrcene (13.63%), α-terpineol (9.90%) and trans-caryophyllene (9.80%) were the main constituents in the pseudostem oil. The rhizome constituted of tetracosane (42.61%), τ-cadinol (7.46%), α-terpineol (6.71%) were the major components, whereas tetracosane (13.39%), (2 E,6 E)-farnesol (7.31%), α-terpineol (8.51%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.05%) were the main components in the fruit oil. Antimicrobial assay revealed that all the essential oils showed moderate to weak inhibition against the tested microorganisms. The leaf oil was the most active and inhibited both S. aureus and E. coli with MIC values of 7.81 μg/mL and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively.

Effects of essential oils on proteolytic, deaminative and methanogenic activities of mixed ruminal bacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chaves ◽  
M. L. He ◽  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
A. N. Hristov ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Leaf Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of three essential oils (EO) [cinnamon leaf (250 mg L-1), garlic oil (100 and 250 mg L-1), and juniper berry oil (20 mg L-1)] and two EO compounds (EOC) [anethol (20 mg L-1) and p-cymene (20 mg L-1)] on proteolytic, deaminative and methanogenic activities of mixed ruminal bacteria. Concentrations of total VFA were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. With the exception of cinnamon and garlic oils, which reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of propionate, the other EO and EOC had no effect on the proportions of individual VFA, compared with the control. Proteolytic activity of ruminal bacteria was unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatments; however, bacterial deaminative activity and NH3 concentration were increased (P < 0.05) by the addition of EO (except for cinnamon leaf oil and garlic oil at 250 mg L-1) and EOC. Except for anethol, methanogenic activity of ruminal bacteria was reduced (P < 0.05) by EO and EOC, which was reflected by a marked decrease in methane concentration. This study shows that at the concentrations evaluated, anethol, garlic oil (100 mg L-1), juniper berry oil, and p-cymene may not be beneficial to improve efficiency of N utilization in ruminants because they enhance deaminative activity, while cinnamon and garlic oil (250 mg L-1) could be good alternatives to antibiotics because they reduce methanogenic activity of ruminal bacteria. Key words: Essential oil, proteolysis, deamination, methanogenesis, in vitro

scholarly journals Physical-Mechanical Behavior and Water-Barrier Properties of Biopolymers-Clay Nanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6734
Author(s):  
Heidy Lorena Calambas ◽  
Abril Fonseca ◽  
Dayana Adames ◽  
Yaneli Aguirre-Loredo ◽  
Carolina Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Magnetic Stirring ◽  
The Matrix

The preparation and characterization of biodegradable films based on starch-PVA-nanoclay by solvent casting are reported in this study. The films were prepared with a relation of 3:2 of starch:PVA and nanoclay (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v), and glycerol as plasticizer. The nanoclays before being incorporated in the filmogenic solution of starch-PVA were dispersed in two ways: by magnetic stirring and by sonication. The SEM results suggest that the sonication of nanoclay is necessary to reach a good dispersion along the polymeric matrix. FTIR results of films with 1.0 and 1.5% w/v of sonicated nanoclay suggest a strong interaction of hydrogen bond with the polymeric matrix of starch-PVA. However, the properties of WVP, tensile strength, percentage of elongation at break, and Young’s modulus improved to the film with sonicated nanoclay at 0.5% w/v, while in films with 1.0 and 1.5% w/w these properties were even worse than in film without nanoclay. Nanoclay concentrations higher than 1.0 w/v saturate the polymer matrix, affecting the physicochemical properties. Accordingly, the successful incorporation of nanoclays at 0.5% w/v into the matrix starch-PVA suggests that this film is a good candidate for use as biodegradable packaging.

scholarly journals Composition, in Vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Leaf and Twig Parts of Cupressus Cashmeriana

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chang Su ◽  
Kuan-Ping Hsu ◽  
Kuo-Feng Hua ◽  
Chen-Lung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Type Apparatus

The chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and twig of Cupressus cashmeriana have been investigated. The essential oils were isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS, respectively. The leaf oil mainly consisted of α-pinene (21.8%), epizonarene (8.0%), sabinene (7.9%), limonene (7.6%), γ-terpinene (7.0%), and allo-aromadendrene (7.0%); the twig oil was mostly carvacrol methyl ether (35.4%), manool (16.1%), carvacrol (14.2%), and (2 Z,6 E)-farnesol (6.9%). Twig oil, but not leaf oil, was able to reduce nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages RAW 264.7 without reducing the cell viability. In addition, twig oil showed better antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than leaf oil. The major ingredient of the twig oil that was responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was carvacrol.

scholarly journals Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf and Twig Essential Oils of Litsea Akoensis from Taiwan

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Lung Ho ◽  
Chai-Yi Lin ◽  
Eugene I-Chen Wang ◽  
Yu-Chang Su
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

This study analyzed the hydrodistilled essential oils in the leaves and twigs of Litsea akoensis to determine composition and yield. Seventy-one and 40 compounds were identified in the leaf and twig oils, respectively. The main components of leaf oil were limonene (18.5%), thymol (10.1%), p-cymene (9.6%), β-caryophyllene (8.9%), and carvacrol (8.2%). The main components of twig oil were β-phellandrene (43.7%) and trans-β-ocimene (10.4%). The results demonstrated that leaf oil had excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, superior to those of twig oil.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Santiria trimera (Burseraceae) Essential Oils from Gabon

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Bikanga ◽  
Thomas Makani ◽  
Huguette Agnaniet ◽  
Louis Clément Obame ◽  
Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Different Strains

Water-distilled essential oils from leaves and bark of Santiria trimera (Oliv.) Aubrév. (Burseraceae) collected in Gabon were analyzed using capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. The leaf essential oil, which is described for the first time, was dominated by sesquiterpenes (76.5%), among which α-humulene (34.6%) and β-caryophyllene (14.9%) were the major components. The bark essential oil was almost exclusively monoterpenic, with α-pinene (51.5%) and α-terpineol (16.8%) as main constituents. The antimicrobial activities of both essential oils were tested against eight Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria by using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods; anticandidal effect was also tested on different strains of Candida albica. The Gram-negative bacteria were the less sensitive to the leaf essential oil, which was effective against Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis. The bark essential oil was more active and, in particular, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis, which was resistant to the leaf oil. A weak anticandidal effect of both essential oils was observed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the chemical compositions, larvicidal and antimicrobial efficacies of Zingiber castaneum and Zingiber nitens essential oils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le T. Huong ◽  
Trinh T Huong ◽  
Nguyen T. Bich ◽  
Nguyen T. Viet ◽  
Isiaka Ajani Ogunwande
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract In this paper, we report the chemical constituents, larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Zingiber castaneum Škorničk. & Q.B. Nguyễn and Zingiber nitens M.F. Newman growing in Vietnam. The main constituents of Z. castaneum leaf were bicyclogermacrene (24.8%), germacrene D (12.9%), cis -β-elemene (11.2%) and β-pinene (10.3%), while the pseudo-stem contained bicyclogermacrene (15.8%), cis -β-elemene (9.8%) and germacrene D (9.2%). The significant compound of the rhizome oil was sabinene (22.9%), along with α-pinene (7.8%), β-pinene (6.5%), bornyl acetate (6.1%) and γ-terpinene (5.5%). However, β-pinene (45.8%), α-pinene (10.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (7.8%) were the dominant compounds in the leaf oil of Z. nitens . Terpinen-4-ol (77.9%) occurred as the compound occurring in higher amount in the rhizome oil. The rhizome oil of Z. castaneum exhibited 100% mortality towards Ae. aegypti (concentration, 200 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h) and Ae. albopictus (concentration, 100 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h). However, mortality of 81.3% was observed against Cx. quinquefasciatus at 48 h (concentration 100 µg/mL). The leaf also exhibited 100% mortality against Ae. aegypti (concentration, 100 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (concentration, 150 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h). The rhizome oil displayed a minimum lethal concentration LC 50 of 121.43 µg/mL and 110.31 µg/mL against Ae. aegypti respectively at 24 h and 48 h while values of 49.85 µg/mL and 43.93 µg/mL at 24 h and 48 h were observed against Ae. albopictus respectively. In addition, LC 50 values of 88.86 µg/mL and 48.08 µg/mL were recorded respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus . Also, the leaf oil displayed significant larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti with LC 50 of 39.30 µg/mL (24 h) and 31.78 µg/mL (48 h) while LC 50 values of 84.97 µg/mL (24 h) and 47.40 µg/mL (48 h) were recorded respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus . The leaf oil of Z. nitens exhibited 100% mortality against Ae. aegypti at 24 h and 48 h period (concentration 50 µg/mL) while the rhizome oil displayed maximum mortality at concentration of 100 µg/mL. The rhizome oil attained only mortality of 93% against Cx. quinquefasciatus at test period. No significant mortality was recorded against Cx. quinquefasciatus by the leaf oil. The LC 50 values of 17.58 µg/mL (24 h) and 15.12 µg/mL (48 h) were displayed by the leaf oil against Ae. aegypti while values of 29.60 µg/mL (24 h) and 26.21 (48 h) were exhibited by the rhizome oil. Only the rhizome oil was toxic against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC 50 of of 64.18 µg/mL (24 h) and 59.06 µg/mL (48 h). The pseudo-stem oil of Z. castaneum inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25923) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 µg/mL, while all other tested samples recorded MIC of 50 µg/mL. However, only the pseudo-stem oil of Z. castaneum displayed antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger (ATCC 9763) and Fusarium oxysporum (ATCC 48112) with MIC of 50 µg/mL.

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Variegated Pink-Fleshed Lemon (Citrus x limon L. Burm. f.) and their Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Hamdan ◽  
Mohamed L. Ashour ◽  
Sri Mulyaningsih ◽  
Assem El-Shazly ◽  
Michael Wink
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The volatile secondary metabolites of essential oils from fruit peel and leaves of variegated pink-fl eshed lemon (Citrus x limon) were investigated using GLC and GLC-MS (gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Altogether 141 compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99.59% and 96.33% of the total hydrodistilled peel and leaf oil, respectively. Limonene occurred in higher amounts in fruit peel (52.73%) than in leaf oil (29.13%). Neral (12.72%), neryl acetate (8.53%), ρ-menth-1-en-7-al (4.63%), β-pinene (6.35%), and nerol (4.42%) were the most abundant constituents in leaf oil, whereas γ-terpinene (9.88%), β-pinene (7.67%), geranial (4.44%), and neral (3.64%) dominated in the fruit peel oil. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial activities of the fruit peel essential oil were evaluated. The oil had a low antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of (26.66 ± 2.07) mg/ml as compared to the efficient antioxidant ascorbic acid [IC50 (16.32 ± 0.16) μg/ml]. The oil moderately inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 value of (32.05 ± 3.91) μg/ml and had moderate antitrypanosomal activity [IC50 (60.90 ± 0.91) μg/ml]. In addition, moderate antimicrobial activities were detected against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus capitis, Micrococcus luteus), one Gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens), and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis)

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