scholarly journals Blood-Based Cancer Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy: A Promising Non-Invasive Alternative to Tissue Biopsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marrugo-Ramírez ◽  
Mònica Mir ◽  
Josep Samitier
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Tumor Dna ◽  
Insight Into

Cancer is one of the greatest threats facing our society, being the second leading cause of death globally. Currents strategies for cancer diagnosis consist of the extraction of a solid tissue from the affected area. This sample enables the study of specific biomarkers and the genetic nature of the tumor. However, the tissue extraction is risky and painful for the patient and in some cases is unavailable in inaccessible tumors. Moreover, a solid biopsy is expensive and time consuming and cannot be applied repeatedly. New alternatives that overcome these drawbacks are rising up nowadays, such as liquid biopsy. A liquid biopsy is the analysis of biomarkers in a non-solid biological tissue, mainly blood, which has remarkable advantages over the traditional method; it has no risk, it is non-invasive and painless, it does not require surgery and reduces cost and diagnosis time. The most studied cancer non-invasive biomarkers are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and exosomes. These circulating biomarkers play a key role in the understanding of metastasis and tumorigenesis, which could provide a better insight into the evolution of the tumor dynamics during treatment and disease progression. Improvements in isolation technologies, based on a higher grade of purification of CTCs, exosomes, and ctDNA, will provide a better characterization of biomarkers and give rise to a wide range of clinical applications, such as early detection of diseases, and the prediction of treatment responses due to the discovery of personalized tumor-related biomarkers.

Upconversion nanoparticle and gold nanocage satellite assemblies for sensitive ctDNA detection in serum

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 5553-5562
Author(s):  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Guanping Hua ◽  
Lihuang Li ◽  
Danyang Li ◽  
Fanfan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Biopsy Methods ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Tumor Dna

A rapid molecular diagnostic technique targeting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become one of the most clinically significant liquid biopsy methods for non-invasive and timely diagnosis of cancer.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF LIQUID BIOPSY: INFLUENCE OF PREANALYTICAL PARAMETERS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA IN PLASMA OF CANCER PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
T. Sokolova ◽  
T. Laidus ◽  
R. Meerovich ◽  
K. Zagorodnev ◽  
Aleksandr Martyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Intrapatient Variability ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinomas ◽  
Tumor Dna

«Liquid biopsy» is gradually becoming a mandatory procedure in cancer diagnostics. The aim of this procedure is to detect and monitor tumor-specific markers in various body fluids (blood, urine, pleural fluid, etc.). Significant efforts have been made to convert the most common mutational tests (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF) into non-invasive procedures. Despite some advantages, “liquid biopsy” is still not equivalent to traditional tissue analysis due to limited sensitivity and specificity; it cannot be routinely used in cancer medicine until the standardization of pre-analytical procedures is agreed. We intend to improve the performance of liquid biopsy for detection of a number of clinically relevant mutations (EGFR: ex19del and L858R; KRAS: 12, 13, 61, 146 codon nucleotide substitutions; BRAF: V600E). 417 plasma samples obtained from 88 patients (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC): n= 57; EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas (LC): n = 14; BRAF-mutated melanoma: n = 17) were analyzed by ddPCR for the presence of corresponding mutations in the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Presence of tumor-specific mutations in plasma was confirmed in 32/57 (56%) CRC, 7/14 (50%) LC, and 4/17 (24%) melanoma cases. The proportion of mutation-positive plasma cases was tended to be higher in the group of patients with distant metastases compared to subjects with localized disease [34/56 (61%) vs. 5/15 (33%), р = 0.058]. 86 patients provided their blood at 9.00 (morning) and at 16.00 (afternoon). In addition, blood-takes were performed before and 15 minutes after usual breakfast as well as before and 15 minutes after moderate physical exercise. The detection rate of cancer-specific mutations in plasma was not significantly correlated with described above circumstances of blood-take. Meanwhile, the noticeable intrapatient variability of circulating mutation success rate has been detected. Thus, depending on clinical circumstances, at least negative ctDNA tests could be advised to be repeated in some patients, in order to ensure the reliability of results.

scholarly journals Updates on liquid biopsy: current trends and future perspectives for clinical application in solid tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Pinzani ◽  
Valeria D’Argenio ◽  
Marzia Del Re ◽  
Cristina Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Cucchiara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
Tumor Dna

Abstract Despite advances in screening and therapeutics cancer continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The molecular profile of tumor is routinely assessed by surgical or bioptic samples, however, genotyping of tissue has inherent limitations: it represents a single snapshot in time and it is subjected to spatial selection bias owing to tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel, non-invasive opportunity of detecting and monitoring cancer in several body fluids instead of tumor tissue. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), RNA (mRNA and microRNA), microvesicles, including exosomes and tumor “educated platelets” were recently identified as a source of genomic information in cancer patients which could reflect all subclones present in primary and metastatic lesions allowing sequential monitoring of disease evolution. In this review, we summarize the currently available information concerning liquid biopsy in breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. These promising issues still need to be standardized and harmonized across laboratories, before fully adopting liquid biopsy approaches into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Application of Circulating Tumor DNA as a Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Yang ◽  
Yan Hui ◽  
Yanxiang Zhang ◽  
Minghui Zhang ◽  
Binbin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Tumor Dna

BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Recently, there are many important medical advancements on NSCLC, such as therapies based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Most of these therapies require tumor molecular testing for selecting patients who would benefit most from them. As invasive biopsy is highly risky, NSCLC molecular testing based on liquid biopsy has received more and more attention recently.ObjectiveWe aimed to introduce liquid biopsy and its potential clinical applications in NSCLC patients, including cancer diagnosis, treatment plan prioritization, minimal residual disease detection, and dynamic monitoring on the response to cancer treatment.MethodWe reviewed recent studies on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing, which is a minimally invasive approach to identify the presence of tumor-related mutations. In addition, we evaluated potential clinical applications of ctDNA as blood biomarkers for advanced NSCLC patients.ResultsMost studies have indicated that ctDNA testing is critical in diagnosing NSCLC, predicting clinical outcomes, monitoring response to targeted therapies and immunotherapies, and detecting cancer recurrence. Moreover, the changes of ctDNA levels are associated with tumor mutation burden and cancer progression.ConclusionThe ctDNA testing is promising in guiding the therapies on NSCLC patients.

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