scholarly journals The Characterization of Arabidopsis mterf6 Mutants Reveals a New Role for mTERF6 in Tolerance to Abiotic Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Robles ◽  
Sergio Navarro-Cartagena ◽  
Almudena Ferrández-Ayela ◽  
Eva Núñez-Delegido ◽  
Víctor Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Exposure of plants to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, cold, heat, or drought, affects their growth and development, and can significantly reduce their productivity. Plants have developed adaptive strategies to deal with situations of abiotic stresses with guarantees of success, which have favoured the expansion and functional diversification of different gene families. The family of mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs), first identified in animals and more recently in plants, is likely a good example of this. In plants, mTERFs are located in chloroplasts and/or mitochondria, participate in the control of organellar gene expression (OGE), and, compared with animals, the mTERF family is expanded. Furthermore, the mutations in some of the hitherto characterised plant mTERFs result in altered responses to salt, high light, heat, or osmotic stress, which suggests a role for these genes in plant adaptation and tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. In this work, we investigated the effect of impaired mTERF6 function on the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt, osmotic and moderate heat stresses, and on the response to the abscisic acid (ABA) hormone, required for plants to adapt to abiotic stresses. We found that the strong loss-of-function mterf6-2 and mterf6-5 mutants, mainly the former, were hypersensitive to NaCl, mannitol, and ABA during germination and seedling establishment. Additionally, mterf6-5 exhibited a higher sensitivity to moderate heat stress and a lower response to NaCl and ABA later in development. Our computational analysis revealed considerable changes in the mTERF6 transcript levels in plants exposed to different abiotic stresses. Together, our results pinpoint a function for Arabidopsis mTERF6 in the tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, and highlight the importance of plant mTERFs, and hence of OGE homeostasis, for proper acclimation to abiotic stress.

scholarly journals The Expected and Unexpected Roles of Nitrate Transporters in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance and Their Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bin Zhang ◽  
Shuan Meng ◽  
Ji-Ming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Nitrate Transporters ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Nitrate transporters are primarily responsible for absorption of nitrate from soil and nitrate translocation among different parts of plants. They deliver nitrate to where it is needed. However, recent studies have revealed that nitrate transporters are extensively involved in coping with adverse environmental conditions besides limited nitrate/nitrogen availability. In this review, we describe the functions of the nitrate transporters related to abiotic stresses and their regulation. The expected and unexpected roles of nitrate transporters in plant abiotic stress resistance will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Abiotic Stress Responsive CBL-CIPK Family Genes in Medicago

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Du ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
Yongzhen Pang
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Plant Signal Transduction ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play important roles in plant signal transduction and response to abiotic stress. Plants of Medicago genus contain many important forages, and their growth is often affected by a variety of abiotic stresses. However, studies on the CBL and CIPK family member and their function are rare in Medicago. In this study, a total of 23 CBL and 58 CIPK genes were identified from the genome of Medicago sativa as an important forage crop, and Medicaog truncatula as the model plant. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these CBL and CIPK genes could be classified into five and seven groups, respectively. Moreover, these genes/proteins showed diverse exon-intron organizations, architectures of conserved protein motifs. Many stress-related cis-acting elements were found in their promoter region. In addition, transcriptional analyses showed that these CBL and CIPK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and in response to drought, salt, and abscisic acid treatments. In particular, the expression levels of MtCIPK2 (MsCIPK3), MtCIPK17 (MsCIPK11), and MtCIPK18 (MsCIPK12) were significantly increased under PEG, NaCl, and ABA treatments. Collectively, our study suggested that CBL and CIPK genes play crucial roles in response to various abiotic stresses in Medicago.

scholarly journals Metabolomics, a Powerful Tool for Understanding Plant Abiotic Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Fredy P. Carrera ◽  
Carlos Noceda ◽  
María G. Maridueña-Zavala ◽  
Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Biochemical State ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Metabolomics is a technology that generates large amounts of data and contributes to obtaining wide and integral explanations of the biochemical state of a living organism. Plants are continuously affected by abiotic stresses such as water scarcity, high temperatures and high salinity, and metabolomics has the potential for elucidating the response-to-stress mechanisms and develop resistance strategies in affected cultivars. This review describes the characteristics of each of the stages of metabolomic studies in plants and the role of metabolomics in the characterization of the response of various plant species to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization of WRKY gene family in Helianthus annuus L. and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Yang ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Faisal Islam ◽  
Luyang Hu ◽  
Jiansu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Abstract Background: WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various physiological processes and stress responses in flowering plants. However, the information about WRKY genes in Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower) is limited. Results: Ninety WRKY (HaWRKY) genes were identified and renamed according to their locations on chromosomes. Further phylogenetic analyses classified them into four main groups including a species-specific WKKY group and HaWRKY genes within same group or subgroup generally showed similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. The tandem and segmental duplication possibly contributed to the diversity and expansion of HaWRKY gene families. Synteny analyses of sunflower WRKY genes provided deep insight to the evolution of HaWRKY genes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of HaWRKY genes displayed distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues, as well as under various abiotic and biotic stresses. Conclusions: Ninety WRKY (HaWRKY) genes were identified from H. annuus L. and classified into four groups. Structures of HaWRKY proteins and their evolutionary characteristics were also investigated. The characterization of HaWRKY genes and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses in this study provide a foundation for further functional analyses of these genes and will be beneficial to crop improvement.

Glyoxalases and stress tolerance in plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charanpreet Kaur ◽  
Ajit Ghosh ◽  
Ashwani Pareek ◽  
Sudhir K. Sopory ◽  
Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

The glyoxalase pathway is required for detoxification of cytotoxic metabolite MG (methylglyoxal) that would otherwise increase to lethal concentrations under adverse environmental conditions. Since its discovery 100 years ago, several roles have been assigned to glyoxalases, but, in plants, their involvement in stress response and tolerance is the most widely accepted role. The plant glyoxalases have emerged as multigene family and this expansion is considered to be important from the perspective of maintaining a robust defence machinery in these sessile species. Glyoxalases are known to be differentially regulated under stress conditions and their overexpression in plants confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. In the present article, we review the importance of glyoxalases in plants, discussing possible roles with emphasis on involvement of the glyoxalase pathway in plant stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Biostimulants Application in Horticultural Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Bulgari ◽  
Giulia Franzoni ◽  
Antonio Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Performance Validation

Abiotic stresses strongly affect plant growth, development, and quality of production; final crop yield can be really compromised if stress occurs in plants’ most sensitive phenological phases. Additionally, the increase of crop stress tolerance through genetic improvements requires long breeding programmes and different cultivation environments for crop performance validation. Biostimulants have been proposed as agronomic tools to counteract abiotic stress. Indeed, these products containing bioactive molecules have a beneficial effect on plants and improve their capability to face adverse environmental conditions, acting on primary or secondary metabolism. Many companies are investing in new biostimulant products development and in the identification of the most effective bioactive molecules contained in different kinds of extracts, able to elicit specific plant responses against abiotic stresses. Most of these compounds are unknown and their characterization in term of composition is almost impossible; therefore, they could be classified on the basis of their role in plants. Biostimulants have been generally applied to high-value crops like fruits and vegetables; thus, in this review, we examine and summarise literature on their use on vegetable crops, focusing on their application to counteract the most common environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Root angle modifications by theDRO1homolog improve rice yields in saline paddy fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21242-21250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Kitomi ◽  
Eiko Hanzawa ◽  
Noriyuki Kuya ◽  
Haruhiko Inoue ◽  
Naho Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Trait Locus

The root system architecture (RSA) of crops can affect their production, particularly in abiotic stress conditions, such as with drought, waterlogging, and salinity. Salinity is a growing problem worldwide that negatively impacts on crop productivity, and it is believed that yields could be improved if RSAs that enabled plants to avoid saline conditions were identified. Here, we have demonstrated, through the cloning and characterization ofqSOR1(quantitative trait locus for SOIL SURFACE ROOTING 1), that a shallower root growth angle (RGA) could enhance rice yields in saline paddies.qSOR1is negatively regulated by auxin, predominantly expressed in root columella cells, and involved in the gravitropic responses of roots.qSOR1was found to be a homolog ofDRO1(DEEPER ROOTING 1), which is known to control RGA. CRISPR-Cas9 assays revealed that otherDRO1homologs were also involved in RGA. Introgression lines with combinations of gain-of-function and loss-of-function alleles inqSOR1andDRO1demonstrated four different RSAs (ultra-shallow, shallow, intermediate, and deep rooting), suggesting that natural alleles of theDRO1homologs could be utilized to control RSA variations in rice. In saline paddies, near-isogenic lines carrying theqSOR1loss-of-function allele had soil-surface roots (SOR) that enabled rice to avoid the reducing stresses of saline soils, resulting in increased yields compared to the parental cultivars without SOR. Our findings suggest thatDRO1homologs are valuable targets for RSA breeding and could lead to improved rice production in environments characterized by abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Genes Acting on Transcriptional Control during Abiotic Stress Responses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glacy Jaqueline da Silva ◽  
Antonio Costa de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
The World ◽  
Tf Gene

Abiotic stresses are the major cause of yield loss in crops around the world. Greater genetic gains are possible by combining the classical genetic improvement with advanced molecular biology techniques. The understanding of mechanisms triggered by plants to meet conditions of stress is of fundamental importance for the elucidation of these processes. Current genetically modified crops help to mitigate the effects of these stresses, increasing genetic gains in order to supply the agricultural market and the demand for better quality food throughout the world. To obtain safe genetic modified organisms for planting and consumption, a thorough grasp of the routes and genes that act in response to these stresses is necessary. This work was developed in order to collect important information about essential TF gene families for transcriptional control under abiotic stress responses.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Comparative Analysis of B-Box Genes in Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus and Their Expression Profiling in B. rapa in Response to Multiple Hormones and Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10367
Author(s):  
Sonam Singh ◽  
Sushil Satish Chhapekar ◽  
Yinbo Ma ◽  
Jana Jeevan Rameneni ◽  
Sang Heon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
A Genome

The B-box zinc-finger transcription factors are important for plant growth, development, and various physiological processes such as photomorphogenesis, light signaling, and flowering, as well as for several biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, there is relatively little information available regarding Brassica B-box genes and their expression. In this study, we identified 51, 52, and 101 non-redundant genes encoding B-box proteins in Brassica rapa (BrBBX genes), B. oleracea (BoBBX genes), and B. napus (BnBBX genes), respectively. A whole-genome identification, characterization, and evolutionary analysis (synteny and orthology) of the B-box gene families in the diploid species B. rapa (A genome) and B. oleracea (C genome) and in the allotetraploid species B. napus (AC genome) revealed segmental duplications were the major contributors to the expansion of the BrassicaBBX gene families. The BrassicaBBX genes were classified into five subgroups according to phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and conserved domains. Light-responsive cis-regulatory elements were detected in many of the BBX gene promoters. Additionally, BrBBX expression profiles in different tissues and in response to various abiotic stresses (heat, cold, salt, and drought) or hormones (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The data indicated that many B-box genes (e.g., BrBBX13, BrBBX15, and BrBBX17) may contribute to plant development and growth as well as abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, the identified BBX genes may be useful as functional genetic markers for multiple stress responses and plant developmental processes.

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