scholarly journals Na+, K+-ATPase Signaling and Bipolar Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lichtstein ◽  
Asher Ilani ◽  
Haim Rosen ◽  
Noa Horesh ◽  
Shiv Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Endogenous Regulators

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and common chronic mental illness characterized by recurrent mood swings between depression and mania. The biological basis of the disease is poorly understood and its treatment is unsatisfactory. Although in past decades the “monoamine hypothesis” has dominated our understanding of both the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and the action of pharmacological treatments, recent studies focus on the involvement of additional neurotransmitters/neuromodulators systems and cellular processes in BD. Here, evidence for the participation of Na+, K+-ATPase and its endogenous regulators, the endogenous cardiac steroids (ECS), in the etiology of BD is reviewed. Proof for the involvement of brain Na+, K+-ATPase and ECS in behavior is summarized and it is hypothesized that ECS-Na+, K+-ATPase-induced activation of intracellular signaling participates in the mechanisms underlying BD. We propose that the activation of ERK, AKT, and NFκB, resulting from ECS-Na+, K+-ATPase interaction, modifies neuronal activity and neurotransmission which, in turn, participate in the regulation of behavior and BD. These observations suggest Na+, K+-ATPase-mediated signaling is a potential target for drug development for the treatment of BD.

Bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 6498-6501
Author(s):  
Kate E.A. Saunders ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Mental Health Law ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Depressive States

Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable, lifelong, relapsing, and remitting chronic mental illness. While traditionally characterized as a disorder with distinct periods of elated and depressed mood, it is now clear that interepisode mood instability is common. Comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions are common. When occurring in medical settings mania can be both disruptive and hazardous, and may require active psychiatric management. Pharmacological approaches are the mainstay of treatment, although adjunctive psychotherapies are helpful in preventing relapse. Compulsory detention in hospital using mental health law may sometimes be required for both manic and depressive states.

A Re-View of Ambivalence in Bipolar Disorder Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Jane Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Pharmaceutical Intervention ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
A Site

Constructed as a barrier to treatment adherence, ambivalence is typically pathologized in qualitative research on “bipolar disorder”—seen as something to be feared and eradicated. Here, I critically review this position, arguing that it is constructed through a “lens of risk” that problematically presumes people have a chronic mental illness that requires lifelong pharmaceutical intervention. I then draw on the accounts of three young women who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder to demonstrate how people’s concerns, questions, and dreams could instead be seen as a site of expertise about diagnostic and treatment practices; in turn using their ambivalence to stitch together an alternative analytic “lens of desire” through which to re-view accounts of bipolar disorder. Overall this article is thus both a commentary on mainstream research practices in psychology and an experiment with how we might look differently; believing that perhaps the real risk associated with people’s ambivalence is its ability to force us—psychologists and psychiatrists—to question the ways in which we do madness.

Predictors of Expressed Emotion, Caregiver's Burden, and Quality of Life in Chronic Mental Illness

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-163
Author(s):  
Pratima Kaushik ◽  
Tej Bahadur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Assess Quality

In the present study we intend to assess if the expressed emotion perceived by the patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has any effect on their quality of life. Is the burden experienced by the caregivers, has any effect up on their quality of life? To explore these issues, regression was employed to estimate the quantitative effect of the causal variables upon the variable that they influence and the “statistical significance” of the estimated relationships. This study consisted of 120 participants. 30 patients with Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder and two caregiver groups. Administration of tests was done on individual basis. FEICS was administered to assess EE perceived by the patients. WHOQOL (BREF) scale was used to assess quality of life of patients. BAS was given to assess caregiver's burden. For the assessment of data regression analysis was calculated.

Review of Resident's Guide to Treatment of People with Chronic Mental Illness.

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337-1337
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson ◽  
Pamela Ramser
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness

Social Networks and Chronic Mental Illness: A Test of Four Perspectives

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rosenfield ◽  
Suzanne Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness

Assessment of the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder with a picture encoding paradigm and methodological lessons learnt

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110085
Author(s):  
JZ Petersen ◽  
J Macoveanu ◽  
HL Kjærstad ◽  
GM Knudsen ◽  
LV Kessing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Fmri Study

Background: Mood disorders are often associated with persistent cognitive impairments. However, pro-cognitive treatments are essentially lacking. This is partially because of poor insight into the neurocircuitry abnormalities underlying these deficits and their change with illness progression. Aims: This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairments and neuronal change after mood episodes in remitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD) using a hippocampus-based picture encoding paradigm. Methods: Remitted patients with BD ( n=153) and healthy controls ( n=52) were assessed with neuropsychological tests and underwent fMRI while performing a strategic picture encoding task. A subgroup of patients ( n=43) were rescanned after 16 months. We conducted data-driven hierarchical cluster analysis of patients’ neuropsychological data and compared encoding-related neuronal activity between the resulting neurocognitive subgroups. For patients with follow-up data, effects of mood episodes were assessed by comparing encoding-related neuronal activity change in BD patients with and without episode(s). Results: Two neurocognitive subgroups were revealed: 91 patients displayed cognitive impairments while 62 patients were cognitively normal. No neuronal activity differences were observed between neurocognitive subgroups within the dorsal cognitive control network or hippocampus. However, exploratory whole-brain analysis revealed lower activity within a small region of middle temporal gyrus in impaired patients, which significantly correlated with poorer neuropsychological performance. No changes were observed in encoding-related neuronal activity or picture recall accuracy with the occurrence of mood episode(s) during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Memory encoding fMRI paradigms may not capture the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairment or effects of mood episodes.

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