scholarly journals Divergent Role of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Liver Health and Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Kleuser
Keyword(s):  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress in Liver Health and Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Muriel ◽  
Karina R. Gordillo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Role of cAMP and phosphodiesterase signaling in liver health and disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banrida Wahlang ◽  
Craig McClain ◽  
Shirish Barve ◽  
Leila Gobejishvili
Keyword(s):  
Liver Health ◽  
Health And Disease

Role of Toll-like receptors in liver health and disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Broering ◽  
Mengji Lu ◽  
Joerg F. Schlaak
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Molecular Patterns

TLRs (Toll-like receptors), as evolutionarily conserved germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, have a crucial role in early host defence by recognizing so-called PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and may serve as an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. In the liver, TLRs play an important role in the wound healing and regeneration processes, but they are also involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory liver diseases, including autoimmune liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrogenesis, and chronic HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection. Hepatitis viruses have developed different evading strategies to subvert the innate immune system. Thus recent studies have suggested that TLR-based therapies may represent a promising approach in the treatment in viral hepatitis. The present review focuses on the role of the local innate immune system, and TLRs in particular, in the liver.

scholarly journals The Functional Role of Sphingosine Kinase 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Diaz Escarcega ◽  
Louise D. McCullough ◽  
Andrey S. Tsvetkov
Keyword(s):  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 1 ◽  
Lipid Molecule ◽  
Nuclear Signaling ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Health And Disease

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that is present in all eukaryotic cells and plays key roles in various extracellular, cytosolic, and nuclear signaling pathways. Two sphingosine kinase isoforms, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2), synthesize S1P by phosphorylating sphingosine. While SPHK1 is a cytoplasmic kinase, SPHK2 is localized to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The SPHK2/S1P pathway regulates transcription, telomere maintenance, mitochondrial respiration, among many other processes. SPHK2 is under investigation as a target for treating many age-associated conditions, such as cancer, stroke, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we will focus on the role of SPHK2 in health and disease.

scholarly journals Role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Cholestatic Liver Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. LaRusso ◽  
James H. Tabibian ◽  
Steven P. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Hepatobiliary health and disease is influenced by multiple factors including genetics, epigenetics, and the environment. Recently, multiple lines of evidence suggest that the microbiome also plays a central role in the initiation and/or progression of several liver diseases. Our current understanding of the dynamic interplay between microbes, microbial products and liver health and pathophysiology is incomplete. However, exciting insights are continually being made that support both a central role of the microbiome and a need for further interrogation of the microbes or microbe-associated molecules involved in the initiation and progression of select liver diseases.

Role of nuclear factor κB in liver health and disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 691-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Robinson ◽  
Derek A. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Experimental Approaches

NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) is a heterodimeric transcription factor that is constitutively expressed in all cell types and has a central role as a transcriptional regulator in response to cellular stress. In the present review, we discuss the role of NF-κB signalling in the maintenance of liver homoeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of conditions affecting the liver, including viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Much of the current knowledge of NF-κB signalling in the liver relates to the canonical pathway, the IKK [IκB (inhibitor of κB) kinase] complex and the RelA subunit. We explore the weaknesses of the experimental approaches to date and suggest that further work is needed to investigate in detail the discreet functions of each of the Rel subunits in liver physiology and disease.

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