scholarly journals The Glutamatergic System in Primary Somatosensory Neurons and Its Involvement in Sensory Input-Dependent Plasticity

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Somatosensory Neurons

Supervised Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity: A Spatiotemporal Neuronal Learning Rule for Function Approximation and Decisions

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 3113-3130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Moritz P. Franosch ◽  
Sebastian Urban ◽  
J. Leo van Hemmen
Keyword(s):  
Function Approximation ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Animal Learn ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Stable Configuration ◽  
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Tactile System

How can an animal learn from experience? How can it train sensors, such as the auditory or tactile system, based on other sensory input such as the visual system? Supervised spike-timing-dependent plasticity (supervised STDP) is a possible answer. Supervised STDP trains one modality using input from another one as “supervisor.” Quite complex time-dependent relationships between the senses can be learned. Here we prove that under very general conditions, supervised STDP converges to a stable configuration of synaptic weights leading to a reconstruction of primary sensory input.

scholarly journals Rabies anterograde monosynaptic tracing reveals organization of spinal sensory circuits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Pimpinella ◽  
Niccolò Zampieri
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Afferents ◽  
Laminar Organization ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Somatosensory Neurons ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSomatosensory neurons detect vital information about the environment and internal status of the body, such as temperature, touch, itch and proprioception. The circuit mechanisms controlling the coding of somatosensory information and the generation of appropriate behavioral responses are not clear yet. In order to address this issue, it is important to define the precise connectivity patterns between primary sensory afferents dedicated to the detection of different stimuli and recipient neurons in the central nervous system. In this study we used a rabies tracing approach for mapping spinal circuits receiving sensory input from distinct, genetically defined, modalities. We analyzed the anatomical organization of spinal circuits involved in coding of thermal and mechanical stimuli and showed that somatosensory information from distinct modalities is relayed to partially overlapping ensembles of interneurons displaying stereotyped laminar organization, thus highlighting the importance of positional features and population coding for the processing and integration of somatosensory information.

Trigeminothalamic barrelette neurons: natural structural side asymmetries and sensory input-dependent plasticity in adult rats

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Negredo ◽  
Y.B. Martin ◽  
A. Lagares ◽  
J. Castro ◽  
J.A. Villacorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Dependent Plasticity

scholarly journals Reconciling Homeostatic and Use-Dependent Plasticity in the Context of Somatosensory Deprivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Orczyk ◽  
Preston E. Garraghty
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Excitatory Transmission ◽  
Somatosensory Neurons ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

The concept of homeostatic plasticity postulates that neurons maintain relatively stable rates of firing despite changing inputs. Homeostatic and use-dependent plasticity mechanisms operate concurrently, although they have different requirements for induction. Depriving central somatosensory neurons of their primary activating inputs reduces activity and results in compensatory changes that favor excitation. Both a reduction of GABAergic inhibition and increase in glutamatergic excitatory transmission are observed in input-deprived cortex. Topographic reorganization of the adult somatosensory cortex is likely driven by both homeostatic and use-dependent mechanisms. Plasticity is induced by changes in the strengths of synaptic inputs, as well as changes in temporal correlation of neuronal activity. However, there is less certainty regarding thein vivocontribution of homeostatic mechanisms asin vitroexperiments rely on manipulations that create states that do not normally occur in the living nervous system. Homeostatic plasticity seems to occur, but morein vivoresearch is needed to determine mechanisms.In vitroresearch is also needed but should better conform to conditions that might occur naturallyin vivo.

scholarly journals Developmental experience-dependent plasticity in the first synapse of the Drosophila olfactory circuit

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 2730-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Golovin ◽  
Kendal Broadie
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Local Interneuron ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Developmental Experience ◽  
Mrna Binding

Evidence accumulating over the past 15 years soundly refutes the dogma that the Drosophila nervous system is hardwired. The preponderance of studies reveals activity-dependent neural circuit refinement driving optimization of behavioral outputs. We describe developmental, sensory input-dependent plasticity in the brain olfactory antennal lobe, which we term long-term central adaption (LTCA). LTCA is evoked by prolonged exposure to an odorant during the first week of posteclosion life, resulting in a persistently decreased response to aversive odors and an enhanced response to attractive odors. This limited window of early-use, experience-dependent plasticity represents a critical period of olfactory circuit refinement tuned by initial sensory input. Consequent behavioral adaptations have been associated with changes in the output of olfactory projection neurons to higher brain centers. Recent studies have indicated a central role for local interneuron signaling in LTCA presentation. Genetic and molecular analyses have implicated the mRNA-binding fragile X mental retardation protein and ataxin-2 regulators, Notch trans-synaptic signaling, and cAMP signal transduction as core regulatory steps driving LTCA. In this article, we discuss the structural, functional, and behavioral changes associated with LTCA and review our current understanding of the molecular pathways underlying these developmental, experience-dependent changes in the olfactory circuitry.

scholarly journals Experience-dependent plasticity in accessory olfactory bulb interneurons following male-male social interaction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary L. Cansler ◽  
Marina A. Maksimova ◽  
Julian P. Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Intrinsic Excitability ◽  
Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Resident Intruder

AbstractChemosensory information processing in the mouse accessory olfactory system (AOS) guides the expression of social behavior. After salient chemosensory encounters, the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) experiences changes in the balance of excitation and inhibition at reciprocal synapses between mitral cells (MCs) and local interneurons. The mechanisms underlying these changes remain controversial. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MC-interneuron plasticity is unique to specific behaviors, such as mating, or whether it is a more general feature of the AOB circuit. Here, we describe targeted electrophysiological studies of AOB inhibitory internal granule cells (IGCs), many of which upregulate the immediate-early gene Arc after male-male social experience. Following the resident-intruder paradigm, Arc-expressing IGCs in acute AOB slices from resident males displayed stronger excitation than non-expressing neighbors when sensory inputs are stimulated. The increased excitability of Arc-expressing IGCs was not correlated with changes in the strength or number of excitatory synapses with MCs, but was instead associated with increased intrinsic excitability and decreased HCN channel-mediated IH currents. Consistent with increased inhibition by IGCs, MCs responded to sensory input stimulation with decreased depolarization and spiking following resident-intruder encounters. These results reveal that non-mating behaviors drive AOB inhibitory plasticity, and indicate that increased MC inhibition involves intrinsic excitability changes in Arc-expressing interneurons.Significance StatementThe accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is a site of experience-dependent plasticity between excitatory mitral cells (MCs) and inhibitory internal granule cells (IGCs), but the physiological mechanisms and behavioral conditions driving this plasticity remain unclear. Here, we report studies of AOB neuronal plasticity following male-male social chemosensory encounters. We show that the plasticity-associated immediate-early gene Arc is selectively expressed in IGCs from resident males following the resident-intruder assay. After behavior, Arc- expressing IGCs are more strongly excited by sensory input stimulation and MC activation is suppressed. Arc-expressing IGCs do not show increased excitatory synaptic drive, but instead show increased intrinsic excitability. These data indicate that MC-IGC plasticity is induced after male-male social chemosensory encounters, resulting in enhanced MC suppression by Arc-expressing IGCs.

Rehabilitation of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Attention Systems ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: In this paper, evidence is reviewed for separable attention systems in the brain, and it is argued a) that attention may have a privileged role in mediating experience dependent plasticity in the brain and b) that at least some types of attention may be capable of rehabilitation following brain damage.

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