scholarly journals Alteration of Mammary Gland Development and Gene Expression by In Utero Exposure to Cadmium

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Parodi ◽  
Morgan Greenfield ◽  
Claire Evans ◽  
Anna Chichura ◽  
Alexandra Alpaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Alteration of mammary gland development and gene expression by in utero exposure to arsenic

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Parodi ◽  
Morgan Greenfield ◽  
Claire Evans ◽  
Anna Chichura ◽  
Alexandra Alpaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Gland Development

Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Development in Female Long Evans Rats Following In Utero Exposure to Atrazine

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hovey ◽  
P. S. Coder ◽  
J. C. Wolf ◽  
R. L. Sielken ◽  
M. O. Tisdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Gland Development

In Utero and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Induces a Premature Development of the Mammary Glands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita-Josiane Gouesse ◽  
Elham Dianati ◽  
Alec McDermott ◽  
Michael G Wade ◽  
Barbara Hales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Lactational Exposure ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract In utero and prepubertal development of the mammary glands occurs minimally in a hormone independent manner until puberty where maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis drives an extensive remodeling. Nevertheless, because the immature glands contain functional hormone receptors, they are especially vulnerable to the effects of endocrine disruptors, such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). BFRs are widespread chemicals added to household objects to reduce their flammability, and to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. We previously reported that in utero and lactational exposure to BFRs resulted in an impaired mammary gland development in peripubertal animals. Here, we assessed whether BFR-induced disruption of mammary gland development could manifest earlier in life. Dams were exposed prior to mating until pups’ weaning to a BFR mixture (0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day) formulated according to levels found in house dust. The mammary glands of female offspring were collected at weaning. Histo-morphological analyses showed that exposure to 0.06 mg/kg/day accelerates global epithelial development as demonstrated by a significant increase in total epithelial surface area, associated with a tendency to increase of the ductal area and thickness, and of lumen area. Significant increases of the Ki67 cell proliferation index and of the early apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-9 were also observed, as well as an upward trend in the number of thyroid hormone receptor α1 positive cells. These molecular, histologic, and morphometric changes are suggestive of accelerated pubertal development. Thus, our results suggest that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs induces precocious development of the mammary gland.

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