scholarly journals Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Obesity, Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Human Clinical Trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sáez-Lara ◽  
Candido Robles-Sanchez ◽  
Francisco Ruiz-Ojeda ◽  
Julio Plaza-Diaz ◽  
Angel Gil
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Ectodysplasin A Is Increased in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, But Is Not Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bayliss ◽  
Geraldine J. Ooi ◽  
William De Nardo ◽  
Yazmin Johari Halim Shah ◽  
Magdalene K. Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ectodysplasin A (EDA) was recently identified as a liver-secreted protein that is increased in the liver and plasma of obese mice and causes skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We assessed if liver and plasma EDA is associated with worsening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese patients and evaluated plasma EDA as a biomarker for NAFLD. Using a cross-sectional study in a public hospital, patients with a body mass index >30 kg/m2 (n=152) underwent liver biopsy for histopathology assessment and fasting liver EDA mRNA. Fasting plasma EDA levels were also assessed. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) was defined as >5% hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as NAFLD activity score ≥3. Patients were divided into three groups: No NAFLD (n=45); NAFL (n=65); and NASH (n=42). Liver EDA mRNA was increased in patients with NASH compared with No NAFLD (P=0.05), but not NAFL. Plasma EDA levels were increased in NAFL and NASH compared with No NAFLD (P=0.03). Plasma EDA was related to worsening steatosis (P=0.02) and fibrosis (P=0.04), but not inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning. ROC analysis indicates that plasma EDA is not a reliable biomarker for NAFL or NASH. Plasma EDA was not increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and did not correlate with insulin resistance. Together, we show that plasma EDA is increased in NAFL and NASH, is related to worsening steatosis and fibrosis but is not a reliable biomarker for NASH. Circulating EDA is not associated with insulin resistance in human obesity.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12615000875505, identifier ACTRN12615000875505.

scholarly journals Hepatic-Metabolite-Based Intermittent Fasting Enables a Sustained Reduction in Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rohner ◽  
Robert Heiz ◽  
Simon Feldhaus ◽  
Stefan R. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractInsulin resistance is the hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes and is still an unmet medical need. Insulin resistance lies at the crossroads of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, weight loss and exercise resistance, heart disease, stroke, depression, and brain health. Insulin resistance is purely nutrition related, with a typical molecular disease food intake pattern. The insulin resistant state is accessible by TyG as the appropriate surrogate marker, which is found to lead the personalized molecular hepatic nutrition system for highly efficient insulin resistance remission. Treating insulin resistance with a molecular nutrition-centered approach shifts the treatment paradigm of Type 2 Diabetes from management to cure. This allows remission within five months, with a high efficiency rate of 85%. With molecular intermittent fasting a very efficient treatment for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome is possible, improving the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) state and enabling the body to lose weight in a sustainable manner.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study of Ultrasonographic Assessment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Steatosis) Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Liver Function Test Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7102-7107
Author(s):  
Kisshore Kumar G ◽  
Praveen K Sharma ◽  
Karthik Krishna Ramakrishnan ◽  
Seena Cheppala Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) emerging condition of liver disease. Prevalence of this disease is estimated to be around 9-32% among Indian population with increased incidence rate among obese and diabetes. Insulin resistance is strongly associated with NAFLD. The spectrum varies from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), finally to cirrhosis. It has been regarded as a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Ultrasonography (USG) is the simplest and cost-effective imaging technique for the identification of NAFLD. The Aminotransferase levels were also significantly elevated among T2DM. The results from the study reinforced the well established clinical association of NAFLD with higher Aminotransferase levels among T2DM. NAFLD may be considered as the hepatic hallmark of insulin resistance, and its correlation with liver enzymes, an excellent marker to predict disease outcome. This study is conducted to establish the prevalence of(NAFLD) among type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with Liver function test (Aminotransferase levels) correlation. The results from the study reinforced the well established clinical association of NAFLD with other co-morbidities like dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome as the prevalence of NAFLD in these co-morbidities condition had a higher level rise in aminotransferases.The prevalence of NAFLD among T2DM in our study is higher when compared with other studies. NAFLD may be considered as a hepatic hallmark of insulin resistance and correlating it with alteration in liver enzymes will be an excellent marker to predict disease outcome.

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