scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of HIV-1 Integrase Sequences from Treatment Naive Individuals in Northeastern South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5013-5024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Bessong ◽  
Julius Nwobegahay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Frequent Cross-Resistance to Dapivirine in HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individuals after First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri J. Penrose ◽  
Carole L. Wallis ◽  
Chanson J. Brumme ◽  
Kristen A. Hamanishi ◽  
Kelley C. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
First Line ◽  
Nnrti Mutation ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A vaginal ring containing dapivirine (DPV) has shown moderate protective efficacy against HIV-1 acquisition, but the activity of DPV against efavirenz (EFV)- and nevirapine (NVP)-resistant viruses that could be transmitted is not well defined. We investigated DPV cross-resistance of subtype C HIV-1 from individuals on failing NVP- or EFV-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Plasma samples were obtained from individuals with >10,000 copies of HIV RNA/ml and with HIV-1 containing at least one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) mutation. Susceptibility to NVP, EFV, and DPV in TZM-bl cells was determined for recombinant HIV-1LAI containing bulk-amplified, plasma-derived, full-length reverse transcriptase sequences. Fold change (FC) values were calculated compared with a composite 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) from 12 recombinant subtype C HIV-1LAI plasma-derived viruses from treatment-naive individuals in South Africa. A total of 25/100 (25%) samples showed >500-FCs to DPV compared to treatment-naive samples with IC50s exceeding the maximum DPV concentration tested (132 ng/ml). A total of 66/100 (66%) samples displayed 3- to 306-FCs, with a median IC50 of 17.6 ng/ml. Only 9/100 (9%) samples were susceptible to DPV (FC < 3). Mutations L100I and K103N were significantly more frequent in samples with >500-fold resistance to DPV compared to samples with a ≤500-fold resistance. A total of 91% of samples with NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 from individuals on failing first-line ART in South Africa exhibited ≥3-fold cross-resistance to DPV. This level of resistance exceeds expected plasma concentrations, but very high genital tract DPV concentrations from DPV ring use could block viral replication. It is critically important to assess the frequency of transmitted and selected DPV resistance in individuals using the DPV ring.

Analyses of HIV‐1 integrase gene sequences among treatment‐naive patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1172
Author(s):  
Tennison Onoriode Digban ◽  
Benson Chucks Iweriebor ◽  
Larry Chikwelu Obi ◽  
Uchechuwku Nwodo ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

The Frequency of HIV-1 Infection in Iranian Children and Determination of the Transmitted Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naïve Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Maryam Jarchi ◽  
Farah Bokharaei-Salim ◽  
Maryam Esghaei ◽  
Seyed Jalal Kiani ◽  
Fatemeh Jahanbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: The advent of resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 is a barrier to the success of the ARTs. Objective: In this study, the abundance of HIV-1 infection in Iranian children, and also detection of the TDR in naïve HIV-1 infected pediatric (under 12 years old) were evaluated. Materials: From June 2014 to January 2019, a total of 544 consecutive treatment-naïve HIV-1- infected individuals enrolled in this study. After RNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene, the DRM and phylogenetic analysis were successfully performed on the plasma specimens of the ART-naïve HIV-1-infected-children under 12 years old. The DRMs were recognized using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results: Out of the 544 evaluated treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals, 15 (2.8%) cases were children under 12 years old. The phylogenetic analyses of the amplified region of pol gene indicated that all of the 15 HIV-1-infected pediatric patients were infected by CRF35_AD, and a total of 13.3% (2/15) of these children were infected with HIV-1 variants with SDRMs (one child harbored two related SDRMs [D67N, V179F], and another child had three related SDRMs [M184V, T215F, and K103N]), according to the last algorithm of the WHO. No PIs-related SDRMs were observed in HIV-1-infected children. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that a total of 13.3% of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected Iranian pediatrics (under 12 years old) were infected with HIV-1 variants with SDRMs. Therefore, it seems that screening to recognize resistance-associated mutations before the initiation of ARTs among Iranian children is essential for favorable medication efficacy and dependable prognosis.

P21 Prevalence of antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients in South London

HIV Medicine ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
Am Geretti ◽  
M Smith ◽  
M Donati ◽  
P Easterbrook ◽  
M Zuckerman
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Antiretroviral Resistance ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

Effectiveness, Durability, and Safety of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine Versus Dolutegravir, Lamivudine, and Abacavir in a Real-Life Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802110341
Author(s):  
Inés Mendoza ◽  
Alicia Lázaro ◽  
Miguel Torralba
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Treatment Discontinuation ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Tn 4 ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
All Treatment

Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (2-DR) is suggested as an initial and switch option in HIV-1 treatment. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness, durability, and safety of 2-DR compared with DTG plus abacavir/lamivudine (3-DR). Methods: This was an observational, ambispective study that included all treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) patients who started 2-DR or 3-DR between July 1, 2018, and November 30, 2020. The primary end point was noninferiority, at 24 and 48 weeks, of 2-DR versus 3-DR regarding the percentage of patients with viral load (VL)≥50 and 200 copies/mL in TN (4% margin) and VL<50 and 200 copies/mL in TE (margin 12%). Durability of response, and safety were also measured. Results: 242 patients were included (53 TN and 189 TE). Two TN patients on 2-DR had VL≥50 copies/mL and 1 had VL≥200 copies/mL at week 24. In TE patients on 2-DR, 90.2% achieved VL<200 copies/mL at week 24 (difference: 3.8%; 95% CI = −6.3% to 14%) and 91.8% at week 48 (difference: 0.06%; 95% CI = −9% to 10%), meeting noninferiority criteria. Among the 53 TN patients, only 1 VF was observed in 2-DR. In TN patients, the risk of treatment discontinuation was similar between groups (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37; P = 0.15); similar rates were also found in TE patients (HR = 0.94; P = 0.85). TE patients on 2-DR showed a better safety profile compared with 3-DR patients ( P<0.001). Conclusion and Relevance: Our results did not show noninferiority in terms of virological effectiveness. Nevertheless, all effectiveness measures support the use of 2-DR in a real-life cohort of TN and TE. Additionally, durability and safety of 2-DR were confirmed to be similar to that of 3-DR.

scholarly journals Prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance among treatment-naive individuals in China, 2000-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huangbo Yuan ◽  
Zhenqiu Liu ◽  
Xuefu Wu ◽  
Mingshan Wu ◽  
Qiwen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1
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