scholarly journals A Flexible Framework for Covering and Partitioning Problems in Indoor Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Ki-Joune Li ◽  
Hwan-Gue Cho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Space Partitioning ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Device Placement ◽  
Partitioning Problems ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Utilizing indoor spaces has become important with the progress of localization and positioning technologies. Covering and partitioning problems play an important role in managing, indexing, and analyzing spatial data. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage framework for indoor space partitioning, each stage of which can be flexibly adjusted according to target applications. One of the main features of our framework is the parameterized constraint, which characterizes the properties and restrictions of unit geometries used for the covering and partitioning tasks formulated as the binary linear programs. It enables us to apply the proposed method to various problems by simply changing the constraint parameter. We present basic constraints that are widely used in many covering and partitioning problems regarding the indoor space applications along with several techniques that simplify the computation process. We apply it to particular applications, device placement and route planning problems, in order to give examples of the use of our framework in the perspective on how to design a constraint and how to use the resulting partitions. We also demonstrate the effectiveness with experimental results compared to baseline methods.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF IndoorGML CORE MODEL FROM OpenStreetMap

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Mirvahabi ◽  
R. A. Abbaspour
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Data File ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Navigation has become an essential component of human life and a necessary component in many fields. Because of the increasing size and complexity of buildings, a unified data model for navigation analysis and exchange of information. IndoorGML describes an appropriate data model and XML schema of indoor spatial information that focuses on modelling indoor spaces. Collecting spatial data by professional and commercial providers often need to spend high cost and time, which is the major reason that VGI emerged. One of the most popular VGI projects is OpenStreetMap (OSM). In this paper, a new approach is proposed for the automatic generation of IndoorGML data core file from OSM data file. The output of this approach is the file of core data model that can be used alongside the navigation data model for navigation application of indoor space.

scholarly journals Automatic Reconstruction of Multi-Level Indoor Spaces from Point Cloud and Trajectory

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Gahyeon Lim ◽  
Nakju Doh
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Building ◽  
Indoor Spaces ◽  
Data Term

Remarkable progress in the development of modeling methods for indoor spaces has been made in recent years with a focus on the reconstruction of complex environments, such as multi-room and multi-level buildings. Existing methods represent indoor structure models as a combination of several sub-spaces, which are constructed by room segmentation or horizontal slicing approach that divide the multi-room or multi-level building environments into several segments. In this study, we propose an automatic reconstruction method of multi-level indoor spaces with unique models, including inter-room and inter-floor connections from point cloud and trajectory. We construct structural points from registered point cloud and extract piece-wise planar segments from the structural points. Then, a three-dimensional space decomposition is conducted and water-tight meshes are generated with energy minimization using graph cut algorithm. The data term of the energy function is expressed as a difference in visibility between each decomposed space and trajectory. The proposed method allows modeling of indoor spaces in complex environments, such as multi-room, room-less, and multi-level buildings. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated for seven indoor space datasets.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Measuring the Similarity of Indoor Semantic Trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Jin Zhu ◽  
Dayu Cheng ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Ci Song ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Edit Distance ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Synthetic Dataset ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Trajectory Similarity ◽  
Indoor Spaces

People spend more than 80% of their time in indoor spaces, such as shopping malls and office buildings. Indoor trajectories collected by indoor positioning devices, such as WiFi and Bluetooth devices, can reflect human movement behaviors in indoor spaces. Insightful indoor movement patterns can be discovered from indoor trajectories using various clustering methods. These methods are based on a measure that reflects the degree of similarity between indoor trajectories. Researchers have proposed many trajectory similarity measures. However, existing trajectory similarity measures ignore the indoor movement constraints imposed by the indoor space and the characteristics of indoor positioning sensors, which leads to an inaccurate measure of indoor trajectory similarity. Additionally, most of these works focus on the spatial and temporal dimensions of trajectories and pay less attention to indoor semantic information. Integrating indoor semantic information such as the indoor point of interest into the indoor trajectory similarity measurement is beneficial to discovering pedestrians having similar intentions. In this paper, we propose an accurate and reasonable indoor trajectory similarity measure called the indoor semantic trajectory similarity measure (ISTSM), which considers the features of indoor trajectories and indoor semantic information simultaneously. The ISTSM is modified from the edit distance that is a measure of the distance between string sequences. The key component of the ISTSM is an indoor navigation graph that is transformed from an indoor floor plan representing the indoor space for computing accurate indoor walking distances. The indoor walking distances and indoor semantic information are fused into the edit distance seamlessly. The ISTSM is evaluated using a synthetic dataset and real dataset for a shopping mall. The experiment with the synthetic dataset reveals that the ISTSM is more accurate and reasonable than three other popular trajectory similarities, namely the longest common subsequence (LCSS), edit distance on real sequence (EDR), and the multidimensional similarity measure (MSM). The case study of a shopping mall shows that the ISTSM effectively reveals customer movement patterns of indoor customers.

Multi-Stage Cryocooler for Space Applications

Cryocoolers 8 ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Carrington ◽  
W. J. Gully ◽  
M. Hubbard ◽  
C. Varner ◽  
P. Arter
Keyword(s):  
Space Applications ◽  
Multi Stage

scholarly journals 3D MODELLING OF AN INDOOR SPACE USING A ROTATING STEREO FRAME CAMERA SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kang ◽  
I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Input Data ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Sophisticated indoor design and growing development in urban architecture make indoor spaces more complex. And the indoor spaces are easily connected to public transportations such as subway and train stations. These phenomena allow to transfer outdoor activities to the indoor spaces. Constant development of technology has a significant impact on people knowledge about services such as location awareness services in the indoor spaces. Thus, it is required to develop the low-cost system to create the 3D model of the indoor spaces for services based on the indoor models. In this paper, we thus introduce the rotating stereo frame camera system that has two cameras and generate the indoor 3D model using the system. First, select a test site and acquired images eight times during one day with different positions and heights of the system. Measurements were complemented by object control points obtained from a total station. As the data were obtained from the different positions and heights of the system, it was possible to make various combinations of data and choose several suitable combinations for input data. Next, we generated the 3D model of the test site using commercial software with previously chosen input data. The last part of the processes will be to evaluate the accuracy of the generated indoor model from selected input data. In summary, this paper introduces the low-cost system to acquire indoor spatial data and generate the 3D model using images acquired by the system. Through this experiments, we ensure that the introduced system is suitable for generating indoor spatial information. The proposed low-cost system will be applied to indoor services based on the indoor spatial information.

scholarly journals TWO NEW PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION PATH OPTIONS BASED ON SEMI-INDOOR SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-4/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
J. Yan ◽  
S. Zlatanova ◽  
A. A. Diakite
Keyword(s):  
Path Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Pedestrian Navigation ◽  
Navigation Path ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Navigation Experience ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Abstract. Navigation is very critical for our daily life, especially when we have to go through the unfamiliar areas where the spaces are very complex, such as completely bounded (indoor), partially bounded (semi-indoor and/or semi-outdoor), entirely open (outdoor), or combined. Current navigation systems commonly offer the shortest distance/time path, but it is not always appropriate for some situations. For instance, on a rainy day, a path with as many places that are covered by roofs/shelters is more attractive. However, current navigation systems cannot provide such kinds of navigation paths, which can be explained by that they lack information about such roofed/sheltered-covered spaces. This paper proposes two roofed/sheltered navigation path options by employing semi-indoor spaces in the navigation map: (i) the Most-Top-Covered path (MTC-path) and (ii) path to the Nearest sI-space from departure (NSI-path). A path selection strategy is introduced to help pedestrians in making choices between the two new path options and the traditional shortest path. We demonstrate and validate the research with path planning on two navigation cases. The results show the two path options and the path selection strategy bring in new navigation experience for humans.

scholarly journals Application of thermal comfort assessment models to indoor areas near glazed walls – experimental evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-127
Author(s):  
António Manuel Figueiredo Freitas Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Helena Corvacho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor Spaces

In this paper, some of the results of an experimental study are presented. Its purpose was to better understand the impact of glazing on thermal comfort of users of indoor spaces (living and working), especially in the areas near glazed walls. Glazed elements, such as windows and glazed doors, allow visual access to the outdoor environment and the entrance of natural light and solar heat gains but they are often the cause of unwanted heat losses and gains and are disturbing elements in obtaining thermal comfort, both in global terms and in what concerns local discomfort due to radiant asymmetries and/or air draughts. Furthermore, solar radiation directly affecting users in the vicinity of glazing can also cause discomfort. These disturbances are recognized by users, both on cold winter days and on hot summer days. To assess thermal comfort or thermal neutrality of a person in a particular indoor space, it is important to know their location within that space. Thus, in order to adequately assess thermal comfort in the areas near the glazing, the indoor thermal environment must be characterized for this specific location. In this study, two indoor spaces (a classroom and an office-room) of a school building were monitored at different periods of the year. The measurements of the environmental parameters were performed both in the center of the rooms and in the areas near the glazing. Five models of thermal comfort assessment were then applied to the results, in order to compare the comfort conditions between the two studied locations and to evaluate the applicability of these models to the areas close to glazed walls. It was observed there was clearly a greater variability of comfort conditions in the vicinity of the glazed walls when compared to the center of the rooms. The application of thermal comfort assessment models to the two studied rooms was able to reveal the differences between the two compared locations within each space. It was also possible to show the effect of incoming solar radiation and the influence of the geometry of the spaces and of the ratio between glazed area and floor area by comparing the results for both spaces. The assessment model proposed by LNEC (Portuguese National Laboratory of Civil Engineering) proved to be the most adapted to Portuguese users’ habits.

scholarly journals Development of an Omnidirectional-Image-Based Data Model through Extending the IndoorGML Concept to an Indoor Patrol Service

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-jin Jung ◽  
Jiyeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Omnidirectional Image ◽  
Space Data ◽  
Omnidirectional Images ◽  
Indoor Spaces ◽  
Topological Data

Different indoor representation methods have been studied for their ability to provide indoor location-based services (LBS). Among them, omnidirectional imaging is one of the most typical and simple methods for representing an indoor space. However, a georeferenced omnidirectional image cannot be used for simple attribute searches, spatial queries, and spatial awareness analyses. To perform these functions, topological data are needed to define the features of and spatial relationships among spatial objects including indoor spaces as well as facilities like CCTV cameras considered in patrol service applications. Therefore, this study proposes an indoor space application data model for an indoor patrol service that can implement functions suited to linking indoor space data and service objects. In order to do this, the study presents a method for linking data between omnidirectional images representing indoor spaces and topological data on indoor spaces based on the concept of IndoorGML. Also, we conduct an experimental implementation of the integrated 3D indoor navigation model for patrol service using GIS data. Based on the results, we evaluate the benefits of using such a 3D data fusion method that integrates omnidirectional images with vector-based topological data models based on IndoorGML for providing indoor LBS in built environments.

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