scholarly journals Using Social Networks to Analyze the Spatiotemporal Patterns of the Rolling Stock Manufacturing Industry for Countries in the Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Yuanhui Wang ◽  
Changqing Song ◽  
Gary Sigley ◽  
Xiaoqiang Chen ◽  
Lihua Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Belt And Road

The new wave of modern rail transit and the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have complicated the business patterns of the rolling stock manufacturing industry (RSMI) and the export of rolling stock products, especially in the case of countries participating in the BRI. Based on the analysis of trade patterns—which focuses on the evolution of trade links, community structures, and intraregional export competitiveness—this study aims to explore the changes in the RSMI within the BRI region from 2003 to 2017. Sequential clustering was applied to the creation of a three-phase timeline. The network models of the cumulative trade of the rolling stock products and trades of two typical categories of products were constructed in each phase for the evolution analysis. Social network analysis methods, such as the analysis of network indices and community detection, were also applied. The results show that from 2003 to 2017, the connectivity of the rolling stock trade in this region significantly increased. China was the largest exporter, with increasing trade influence and technological strength. Ukraine and Russia were less competitive and highly mutually dependent. Czechia and Austria’s competitiveness remained prominent, but compared with China they lacked expansive vitality. South Korea was also an active and competitive country with strong technological prowess. These countries accounted for the majority of the exports, and were always at the center of their own separate communities, over which they maintained a sphere of influence. The grouping of countries far from any such spheres of influence changed frequently.

scholarly journals Envisioning the Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Regional Labor Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenshan Yang ◽  
Xunhaoyue Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Western China ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Deviation Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Using trade and labor-force data of the western provinces from 1994, this study empirically proved the existence of a long-running equilibrium between foreign trade and labor size in western China. By constructing a vector autoregressive model, the results show that the “opening toward the west” policy increased western China’s import and export, both of which attracted an inflow of labor force. After analyzing the numerical effect, a Shift-Share Analysis (SSA) and an analysis of the deviation degree of industrial structure are conducted, to measure the possible structural changes in the labor force. We find that manufacturing in the western provinces is comparatively more advantageous than manufacturing at the national level, which theoretically calls for a huge labor demand. Agriculture presents a contrasting result. This result is consistent with the results of the deviation degree analysis. In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has changed the trade patterns, and it has enhanced the comparative advantages of western China and it is expected to bring about changes in both the number and the structure of the local labor force, and it provides new impetus for the region’s development.

scholarly journals Servitization and Sustainable Value Creation Strategy for China’s Manufacturing Industry: A Multiple Case Study in the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11334
Author(s):  
Yuan Chang ◽  
Xinguo Ming ◽  
Xianyu Zhang ◽  
Tongtong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoqiang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Service Models ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Manufacturers are adding service offerings to satisfy customers’ needs in various markets. Effective strategies for servitization can improve the competitiveness of manufacturers during cooperation. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) established by China offers opportunities for economic cooperation and regional integration for the involved countries. Now, many manufacturing firms are expanding their businesses into Belt and Road countries, most firms are facing the “how to do” problems in improving sustainability during their cooperation. They urgently require methodical assistance on both improving competitiveness through servitization and addressing sustainability challenges. This necessitates the firms to develop successful service models for their industrial initiatives and investigate ways to produce long-term sustainable value through services. In addition to the firm’s economic worth, it also entails lowering the project’s negative environmental impact. The results provided effective strategies for manufacturers from two perspectives. The first perspective is the study discovered innovative service models at both the product and project levels. Project-service systems are critical, and manufacturing firms should use innovative service models to deliver projects. The operation method of holistic solution and localization integration project service was addressed in particular in this study. In the second perspective, there are suggestions for achieving sustainability through innovative service models. The methods for preserving sustainable value on the industrial project level were the subject of our study, which included significant criteria and detailed descriptions. The effective project service system should bring sustainable value to the lifespan of an industrial project. This study has determined four major paths to improving sustainable value creation through servitization: improving resource allocation capabilities, reduce carbon emissions through energy project service, technological outputs, and standards exportation. Useful recommendations are provided for manufacturing firms planning to develop their business overseas, especially in BRI countries.

scholarly journals The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative from the Polish Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Choroś‑Mrozowska
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Belt And Road

China announced its initiative of the so‑called New Silk Road project for the first time in 2013. Although its extent, concept or even its current name (The Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) have changed on a number of occasions since then, it cannot be denied that this is one of the most important challenges currently being undertaken in the world. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe, of which Poland is a part, may have a significant meaning in this concept due to their strategic location. The countries of this region began their co‑operation with China under the so‑called “16 +1” format, and this took place prior to the announcement of the BRI. This opens up new perspectives for Polish‑Chinese trade relations in respect of the BRI initiative and the “16 + 1” platform. The aim of this study is therefore to present the most important effects of the conducted research, the assumption of which was the comprehensive identification of the Chinese BRI initiative and the consequences of its implementation for Polish‑Chinese trade relations. The presented analysis assumes that BRI will have a significant impact on Polish‑Chinese trade patterns. This is particularly important in the context of the huge trade deficit that Poland has been recording for years in its trade with China as well as the deepening asymmetry, which has been characteristic of the exchange.

The Challenge of Implementing the Belt and Road Initiative in the Middle East: Connectivity Projects under Conditions of Limited Political Engagement

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 196-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Evron
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Regional Engagement ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Belt And Road

AbstractSceptics query China's economic and political ability to realize its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Less attention has been paid to BRI's implications for one of the defining features of China's foreign policy: low engagement in areas beyond its traditional sphere of influence. The Middle East is such a case. Addressing this issue, the article explores the mutual impact of China's low political involvement in the Middle East and BRI's realization. Distinguishing cross-border connectivity projects from other BRI-associated activities, the article examines the challenges to executing BRI-related projects in Israel. It finds that realizing connectivity projects – the essence of the BRI vision – will require China to increase its regional engagement, a shift that it has so far avoided.

scholarly journals A road to island sovereignty and empowerment? Fiji’s aims within the Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Rodd
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Contested Space ◽  
Island States ◽  
Global Engagement ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Belt And Road

Though peripheral to China’s policies of global engagement, the small island developing states (SIDS) of the Pacific are becoming an annex to Beijing’s project for a 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Traditionally part of the West’s exclusive sphere of influence, the Pacific Islands have become a contested space, seeking to benefit from the rivalries between the major powers. Among the foremost of these small island states is Fiji, whose Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama has enhanced Fiji’s engagement with China. His government has sought to raise Fiji’s profile on the international stage, seeking to be a regional power among the small states of the Pacific, and to carry the latter’s voice and interests to global fora. Though on significantly different scales, both China and Fiji have embraced a form of ‘go global’ ambition. This paper examines the concrete and theoretical aspects of China’s involvement in Fiji within the BRI and what Beijing and Suva each hope to achieve from this partnership. It will consider potential long-term trends, and whether this initiative may be empowering for Fiji and will discuss whether a SIDS can repurpose to its own advantage a much more powerful state’s initiative, despite the latter’s relative lack of interest in remote small island countries.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of Possible Effects on Nigeria’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20475-20182
Author(s):  
Ige Ayokunle O ◽  
Akingbesote A.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
R Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative is an important attempt by China to sustain its economic growth, by exploring new forms of international economic cooperation with new partners. Even though the B&R project is not the first attempt at international cooperation, it is considered as the best as it is open in nature and does not exclude interested countries. This review raised and answered three questions of how the B&R project will affect Nigeria’s economy?  How will it affect the relationship between Nigeria and China? What could go wrong?, The review concluded that Nigeria can only benefit positively from the project.

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