scholarly journals A Multi-factor Spatial Optimization Approach for Emergency Medical Facilities in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Shaohua Wang ◽  
Zhibang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Demand Distribution ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Blind Area ◽  
Medical Facilities

The outcomes for emergency medical services (EMS) are highly dependent on space-time accessibility. Prior research describes the location of EMS needs with low accuracy and has not integrated a temporal analysis of the road network, which accounts for varying mobility in a dynamic transportation network. In this study, we formulated a network-based location-allocation model (NLAM) and analyzed the spatial characteristics of emergency medical facilities within the fifth ring road in Beijing by considering time, traffic, and population characteristics. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The high demand area for EMS is concentrated in the areas in middle, north, and east during the daytime (8:00–20:00) and in the middle and north during the nighttime (20:00–8:00). From day to night, the centroid of the potential demand distribution shifts in the Western and Southern areas. (2) The road traffic data is sampled 20 times throughout the week, and variations in the average driving speed affect a higher mean driving speed on the weekend. This primarily impacts the main roads, due to these roads experiencing the greatest fluctuation in speed throughout the week of any roadway in the study area. (3) Finally, the 15-min coverage of emergency medical facilities are sampled 20 times in one week and analyzed. Fortunately, there is 100% coverage at night; however, due to traffic congestion, there were a few blind coverage areas in the daytime. The blind area is prevalent in Shijingshan South Station and the Jingxian Bridge in the South fifth ring.

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

scholarly journals Braking Efficiency and Stability of Chassis Braking System of Combine Harvester: The Theoretical Derivation and Virtual Prototype Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peilong Li ◽  
Hongmei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Prototype ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Directional Stability ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

With the advancement of agricultural mechanization, the safety of agricultural vehicles has aroused extensive concern. However, conventional methods evaluate the performance of the combine harvesters in a laborious and inaccurate filed-test way. It is still a challenge to evaluate their performance in a theoretical derivation-based simulation way. Here, we accurately derive the braking model of the combine harvester, which provides a guidance for further braking simulation. Firstly, a four-wheel braking system was designed and theoretically checked. Secondly, the virtual prototype of the chassis braking system was established in ADAMS, in consideration of the complicated contact characteristics between the tire and the road and between the friction pad and the brake disk. Finally, simulation experiments of braking efficiency and directional stability were carried out under different braking conditions. By this means, we find a novel effective yet simple way to optimize the braking efficiency as well as the sufficient braking stability of combine harvesters. The results show that braking efficiency would be improved with stronger braking force, lower initial braking velocity, and lighter weight of the combine harvester. Compared with straight-line braking, steering braking shows lower braking efficiency and less inclination of rear wheel bounce under the same braking conditions. As for braking directional stability, the lateral slippage would be increased with the locking of rear wheels, higher driving speed, or lower road adhesion coefficient. In addition, the simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical results, proving the validity of the virtual prototype simulation. Overall, other than traditional filed-test methods, our method provides an effective yet simple way for designing and evaluating the chassis braking system of combine harvesters.

The Simulation and Evaluation of Housing Location

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
House Price ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Demand Distribution ◽  
Simulation And Evaluation ◽  
Stock Allocation

This paper attempts, first by a simple numerical example and then by more rigorous mathematical methods, to investigate the important relationships between supply, demand, distribution, and price in the housing market. A theory of house price is linked to the derivation of home-workplace interaction models. A function for evaluating different distributions is derived and a possible linear programming approach to a marginal stock allocation model is discussed.

EXAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE CREWS’ COMFORT WHILE OPERATING IN OFF-ROAD CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold LUTY ◽  
Włodzimierz KUPICZ ◽  
Marcin ZWIERZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Road ◽  
Special Purpose Vehicle ◽  
System A ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Military Vehicle ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Important Character

In the era of the rapid development of motorization one of the most important character-istics of transport vehicles is the safety and comfort of their drivers and passengers. In par-ticular, people driving vehicles professionally are exposed to vibrations, which may ad-versely affect their bodies, causing discomfort, dysfunctions, and even lesions of disease. The vibration level triggered by the system a road – a vehicle depends on the type and pro-file of the road surface as well as the driving speed. Vibration levels are assessed by means of characteristics and comfort comparative indexes determined by experimental methods. Attempts at assessing the comfort while driving along paved roads may be found in many publications; however, there is a lack of information on testing vehicles moving in off-road conditions, which is substantial from the point of view of military vehicle crews’ comfort. The driving comfort of crews of wheeled vehicles is subjected to examinations at the Mili-tary Institute of Armored and Automotive Technology.

scholarly journals Features of Simulation Training of Emergency Medical Care for Doctors of Nonurgent Specialties in the Framework of Continuing Medical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
I. A. Lovchikova ◽  
A. A. Chursin ◽  
A. V. Podoprigora ◽  
S. N. Boev ◽  
D. E. Boev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Care Course

According to the current legislation medical institutions of any specialization and form of ownership are obliged to provide emergency medical care without delay and free of charge. Emergency medical care is not a profile one for many specialists and, within the framework of the current law, it is necessary to introduce an emergency medical care course into the CME system for all medical specialties at least once every five years, which will correspond to both the previously adopted system of postgraduate education and the existing standards of work of medical facilities.

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