scholarly journals Strengths of Exaggerated Tsunami-Originated Placenames: Disaster Subculture in Sanriku Coast, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Isoda ◽  
Akio Muranaka ◽  
Go Tanibata ◽  
Kazumasa Hanaoka ◽  
Junzo Ohmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Disaster Subculture ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Elevation Model

Disaster-originated placename is a kind of disaster subculture that is used for a practical purpose of identifying a location while reminding the past disaster experience. They are expected to transmit the risks and knowledge of high-risk low-frequency natural hazards, surviving over time and generations. This paper compares the perceptions to tsunami-originated placenames in local communities having realistic and exaggerated origins in Sanriku Coast, Japan. The reality of tsunami-originated placenames is first assessed by comparing the tsunami run-ups indicated in the origins and that of the tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011 using GIS and digital elevation model. Considerable proportions of placenames had exaggerated origins, but the group interviews to local communities revealed that origins indicating unrealistic tsunami run-ups were more believed than that of the more realistic ones. We discuss that accurate hazard information will be discredited if it contradicts to the people’s everyday life and the desire for safety, and even imprecise and ambiguous information can survive if it is embedded to a system of local knowledge that consistently explains the various facts in a local area that requires explanation.

25 years of movement monitoring on South Peak, Turtle Mountain: understanding the hazard

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey R. Froese ◽  
Francisco Moreno ◽  
Michel Jaboyedoff ◽  
David M. Cruden
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Government Project ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Movement Monitoring ◽  
Deep Fractures

In 1981, an Alberta Government project upgraded the monitoring of South Peak, Turtle Mountain, on the south margin of the 1903 Frank Slide. The monitoring program aimed at understanding the rates of deformation over large, deep fractures encompassing South Peak and predicting a second large rock avalanche on the mountain. The monitoring program consisted of a complement of static ground points and remotely monitored targets measured periodically, and climatic, microseismic, and deformation data collected automatically on daily intervals and archived. In the late 1980s, developmental funding for the monitoring program ceased and some of the installations fell into disrepair. Between May 2004 and September 2006, readings from the remaining functional monitoring points were compiled and interpreted. In addition, readings compiled previously were re-interpreted based on a more recent understanding of short-term movement patterns and climatic influences. These observations were compared with recent observations from an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation model and field photographs to give more precise estimates of the overall rates, extent, and patterns of motion for the past 25 years.

scholarly journals Mapping of geological structural features in Lolgorien, Narok County, Kenya: Using hillshade analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-456
Author(s):  
Sammy O Ombiro ◽  
Akinade S Olatunji ◽  
Eliud M Mathu ◽  
Taiwo R Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Banded Iron Formations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Iron Formations

Despite Lolgorien being one of the most active gold mining areas in Kenya, it is one of the most geologically understudied areas. To the best knowledge of the authors, Lolgorien geological map was last updated in the 1940s. Current technologies such as remote sensing allow new structural features such as faults to be easily identified. In this regard, this study employed remote sensed data to map structural features found in and around Lolgorien Subcounty, Narok, Kenya. This was done to identify any new structural features that might have been missed in the past. Shuttle Radar 152 Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM) image was downloaded and analysed using hillshade technique. From this analysis, the research identified new structural features which were not included in the current geological map but exist on the ground. One such structural feature (fault) is located approximately at 9866237, 703601 (Universal Transverse Mercator, UTM coordinates) and trends in NW–SE direction. The study also found that most of the lineaments are concentrated in the southern part of Lolgorien area and around or at areas dominated by the banded iron formations. Petrographic analysis of the few samples collected from the area showed presence of gold, pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralisation. Keywords: SRTM-DEM, lineaments, geological structures, hillshade analysis, Lolgorien area  

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN AN ILLUMINATION DOME

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay MacDonald ◽  
Isabella Toschi ◽  
Erica Nocerino ◽  
Mona Hess ◽  
Fabio Remondino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Photometric Stereo ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

The accuracy of 3D surface reconstruction was compared from image sets of a Metric Test Object taken in an illumination dome by two methods: photometric stereo and improved structure-from-motion (SfM), using point cloud data from a 3D colour laser scanner as the reference. Metrics included pointwise height differences over the digital elevation model (DEM), and 3D Euclidean differences between corresponding points. The enhancement of spatial detail was investigated by blending high frequency detail from photometric normals, after a Poisson surface reconstruction, with low frequency detail from a DEM derived from SfM.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN AN ILLUMINATION DOME

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Lindsay MacDonald ◽  
Isabella Toschi ◽  
Erica Nocerino ◽  
Mona Hess ◽  
Fabio Remondino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Photometric Stereo ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

The accuracy of 3D surface reconstruction was compared from image sets of a Metric Test Object taken in an illumination dome by two methods: photometric stereo and improved structure-from-motion (SfM), using point cloud data from a 3D colour laser scanner as the reference. Metrics included pointwise height differences over the digital elevation model (DEM), and 3D Euclidean differences between corresponding points. The enhancement of spatial detail was investigated by blending high frequency detail from photometric normals, after a Poisson surface reconstruction, with low frequency detail from a DEM derived from SfM.

Tourist perceptions of guided ecotourism tours in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswin Sangpikul
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Guided Tours ◽  
One Way Anova

Most ecotourism studies in the past have examined tourist perceptions on tour guides’ performance. However, there has been little research investigating ecotourism in relation to the practices of guided tours. This paper, therefore, aims to examine tourist perceptions of different guided ecotourism tours and their contribution to sustainability. Data were collected from three companies with six guided tours through tour observation, interviews and surveys in the southern region of Thailand. For the survey, data were collected from 183 voluntary respondents who joined the guided tours. Content analysis, descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that certain ecotourism principles were implemented in the guided tours. In particular, tourists perceived that the practices of guided tours and their contribution to the local area were different from one another, depending on the type of tour. Not only do the findings of the study provide new insights into the typology of ecotourism activities, but they also yield a better understanding of the key factors contributing to tourists’ ecotourism experience and local benefits. Recommendations in relation to tour design, tourist activities and staff training are discussed to enhance ecotourism-related benefits for local communities.

scholarly journals Effect of Digital Elevation Model Spatial Resolution on Depression Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Xinyi Li ◽  
Zhanpeng Pan ◽  
Junhui Wang ◽  
Ruike Wang
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Grid Resolution ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Surface water storage—including wetlands and other small waterbodies—has largely been disregarded in traditional hydrological models. In this paper, the grid resampling method is adopted to study the influence of the digital elevation model (DEM) grid resolution on depression storage (DS) considering different rainfall return periods. It is observed that the DEM grid size highly affects DS, and the higher the grid resolution is, the larger the DS value. However, when the grid resolution reaches a certain value, the maximum DS value decreases. This suggests that a critical grid resolution value exists at which the water storage capacity of depressions is maximized, namely, 20 m in this work. This phenomenon is further verified in two test cases with and without the infiltration process, i.e., calculations of the local area and without infiltration area, respectively. This research may facilitate the accurate computation of the DS process, which is greatly affected by the grid resolution, thereby improving the reliability of hydrological models.

scholarly journals Glacier area changes in the Pumqu river basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (175) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Tao Che ◽  
Lizong Wu ◽  
Pradeep Mool
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractGlacier area changes in the Pumqu river basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001 are analyzed, based on the Chinese Glacier Inventory and ASTER images. A new glacier inventory is obtained by visually interpreting the remote-sensing images and the digital elevation model. By comparing the two inventories, glacier area changes over the past 30 years are revealed. The results show that the area loss is about 9.0% and the shrinkage trend continues according to the meteorological data.

scholarly journals Palaeotopography concerning sea level changes to rethink past human activities in central Dalmatian islands area, Adriatic Sea

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Tomaž Podobnikar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Data Quality Assessment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Environmental conditions and access to natural resources are important factors for human behaviour and choices about where to make settlements. This important information must be understood and abstracted into appropriate spatial datasets, so as to be modelled in geographic information systems (GIS). The main objective is to design and realize a seamless integrated digital elevation model (DEM) from several data sources, including bathymetry. The important focus of this paper is to collect and interpret the sea level data for the Central Dalmatian islands over the past 15,000 years, describing the entire case study’s implementation in terms of hydrology, landscape archaeology, geodesy, data quality assessment, and spatial analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed model has the potential to rethink the archaeological theories of settlement patterns in the studied area. The limitation of the proposed study is a lower quality of bathymetric datasets, and the determination of the historical sea level due to a number of uncertain factors. The work has profound implications in terms of the developed GIS tools that make it possible to generate reliable datasets and simulate various scenarios, as well as for a non-destructive prediction of the past archaeological landscapes. The solution may help increase awareness about cultural heritage, environmental conservation, and climate change.

scholarly journals Catchment properties in the Kruger National Park derived from the new TanDEM-X Intermediate Digital Elevation Model (IDEM)

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baade ◽  
C. Schmullius
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Reservoir Basin

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) represent fundamental data for a wide range of Earth surface process studies. Over the past years the German TanDEM-X mission acquired data for a new, truly global Digital Elevation Model with unpreceded geometric resolution, precision and accuracy. First processed data sets (i. e. IDEM) with a geometric resolution of 0.4 to 3 arcsec have been made available for scientific purposes. This includes four 1° x 1° tiles covering the Kruger National Park in South Africa. Here we document the results of a local scale IDEM validation exercise utilizing RTK-GNSS-based ground survey points from a dried out reservoir basin and its vicinity characterized by pristine open Savanna vegetation. Selected precursor data sets (SRTM1, SRTM90, ASTER-GDEM2) were included in the analysis and highlight the immense progress in satellite-based Earth surface surveying over the past two decades. Surprisingly, the high precision and accuracy of the IDEM data sets have only little impact on the delineation of watersheds and the calculation of catchment size. But, when it comes to the derivation of topographic catchment properties (e.g. mean slope, etc.) the high resolution of the IDEM04 is of crucial importance, if - from a geomorphologist’s view - it was not for the disturbing vegetation.

scholarly journals Self-AdaptIve LOcal Relief Enhancer (SAILORE): A New Filter to Improve Local Relief Model Performances According to Local Topography

Geomatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre TOUMAZET ◽  
François-Xavier SIMON ◽  
Alfredo MAYORAL
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Local Relief ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Filtering Effect ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Natural Slopes ◽  
Self Adaptive

The use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is becoming more and more common in different landscape exploration domains such as archaeology or geomorphology. In order to allow the detection of features of interest, visualization filters have to be applied to the raw Digital Elevation Model (DEM), to enhance small relief variations. Several filters have been proposed for this purpose, such as Sky View Factor, Slope, negative and positive Openness, or Local Relief Model (LRM). The efficiency of each of these methods is strongly dependent on the input parameters chosen in regard of the topography of the investigated area. The LRM has proved to be one of the most efficient, but it has to be parameterized in order to be adapted to the natural slopes characterizing the investigated area. Generally, this setting has a single value, chosen as the best compromise between optimal values for each relief configuration. As LiDAR is mainly used in wide areas, a large distribution of natural slopes is often encountered. The aim of this paper is to propose a Self AdaptIve LOcal Relief Enhancer (SAILORE) based on the Local Relief Model approach. The filtering effect is adapted to the local slope, allowing the detection at the same time of low-frequency relief variation on flat areas, as well as the identification of high-frequency relief variation in the presence of steep slopes. First, the interest of this self-adaptive approach is presented, and the principle of the method, compared to the classical LRM method, is described. This new tool is then applied to a LiDAR dataset characterized by various terrain configurations in order to test its performance and compare it with the classical LRM. The results of this test show that SAILORE significantly increases the detection capability while simplifying it.

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