scholarly journals SfM-MVS Photogrammetry for Rockfall Analysis and Hazard Assessment Along the Ancient Roman Via Flaminia Road at the Furlo Gorge (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanneschi ◽  
Camillo ◽  
Aiello ◽  
Bonciani ◽  
Salvini
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
The World ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
3D Problem ◽  
Potential Use

Rockfall events represent significant hazards for areas characterized by high and steep slopes and therefore effective mitigation controls are essential to control their effect. There are a lot of examples all over the world of anthropic areas at risk because of their proximity to a rock slope. A rockfall runout analysis is a typical 3D problem, but for many years, because of the lack of specific software, powerful computers, and economic reasons, a 2D approach was normally adopted. However, in recent years the use of 3D software has become quite widespread and different runout working approaches have been developed. The contribution and potential use of photogrammetry in this context is undoubtedly great. This paper describes the application of a 3D hybrid working approach, which considers the integrated use of traditional geological methods, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, and drone based Digital Photogrammetry. Such approach was undertaken in order to perform the study of rockfall runout and geological hazard in a natural slope in Italy in correspondence of an archaeological area. Results show the rockfall hazard in the study area and highlights the importance of using photogrammetry for the correct and complete geometrical reconstruction of slope, joints, and block geometries, which is essential for the analysis and design of proper remediation measures.

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Abellán ◽  
Thierry Oppikofer ◽  
Michel Jaboyedoff ◽  
Nicholas J. Rosser ◽  
Michael Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Slope Instabilities

scholarly journals Development of Improved Semi-Automated Processing Algorithms for the Creation of Rockfall Databases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Heather Schovanec ◽  
Gabriel Walton ◽  
Ryan Kromer ◽  
Adam Malsam
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Point Cloud Processing ◽  
The Creation

While terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry provide high quality point cloud data that can be used for rock slope monitoring, their increased use has overwhelmed current data analysis methodologies. Accordingly, point cloud processing workflows have previously been developed to automate many processes, including point cloud alignment, generation of change maps and clustering. However, for more specialized rock slope analyses (e.g., generating a rockfall database), the creation of more specialized processing routines and algorithms is necessary. More specialized algorithms include the reconstruction of rockfall volumes from clusters and points and automatic classification of those volumes are both processing steps required to automate the generation of a rockfall database. We propose a workflow that can automate all steps of the point cloud processing workflow. In this study, we detail adaptions to commonly used algorithms for rockfall monitoring use cases, such as Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2). This workflow details the entire processing pipeline for rockfall database generation using terrestrial laser scanning.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Effects of Slope Hazard Mitigation and Weather on Rockfall along a Colorado Highway Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4584
Author(s):  
Luke Weidner ◽  
Gabriel Walton
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Triggering Factors ◽  
Resin Injection ◽  
Automated Algorithms

Rockfall is a frequent hazard in mountainous areas, but risks can be mitigated by the construction of protection structures and slope modification. In this study, two rock slopes along a highway in western Colorado were monitored monthly using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) before, during, and after mitigation activities were performed to observe the influence of construction and weather variables on rockfall activity. Between September 2020 and February 2021, the slopes were mechanically scaled and reinforced using rock bolts, wire mesh, and polyurethane resin injection. We used a state-of-the-art TLS monitoring workflow to process the acquired point clouds, including semi-automated algorithms for alignment, change detection, clustering, and rockfall-volume calculation. Our initial hypotheses were that the slope-construction activities would have an immediate effect on the rockfall rate post-construction and would exhibit a decreased correlation with weather-related triggering factors, such as precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles. However, our observations did not confirm this, and instead an increase in post-construction rockfall was recorded, with strong correlation to weather-related triggering factors. While this does not suggest that the overall mitigation efforts were ineffective in reducing rockfall hazard and risk of large blocks, we did not find evidence that mitigation efforts influenced the rockfall hazard associated with the release of small- to medium-sized blocks (<1 m3). These results can be used to develop improved and tailored mitigation methods for rock slopes in the future.

3-D Modelling in Rock Art Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Jaillet ◽  
Jean-Jacques Delannoy ◽  
Julien Monney ◽  
Benjamin Sadier
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Art Research

Recent developments in 3-D technology have resulted in considerable improvements in the recording and study of rock art sites in various parts of the world. These technologies make it possible to digitally document sites at nested scales, from detailed analyses of individual motifs on rock surfaces to entire sites in their broader landscape settings. Because of the increased precision that 3-D recordings bring, the results can be used to study the art and site settings, and to monitor and guide conservation strategies. This chapter outlines key principles underlying the production of 3-D imagery and how high-resolution 3-D models can benefit the spatial analysis of sites and landscapes and the interrelationship of features therein. The authors focus on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetry, distinctive approaches that are often applied together for a richer outcome.

scholarly journals The Implications of M3C2 Projection Diameter on 3D Semi-Automated Rockfall Extraction from Sequential Terrestrial Laser Scanning Point Clouds

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-Mark DiFrancesco ◽  
David Bonneau ◽  
D. Jean Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Optimal Projection

Rockfall inventories are essential to quantify a rockfall activity and characterize the hazard. Terrestrial laser scanning and advancements in processing algorithms have resulted in three-dimensional (3D) semi-automatic extraction of rockfall events, permitting detailed observations of evolving rock masses. Currently, multiscale model-to-model cloud comparison (M3C2) is the most widely used distance computation method used in the geosciences to evaluate 3D changing features, considering the time-sequential spatial information contained in point clouds. M3C2 operates by computing distances using points that are captured within a projected search cylinder, which is locally oriented. In this work, we evaluated the effect of M3C2 projection diameter on the extraction of 3D rockfalls and the resulting implications on rockfall volume and shape. Six rockfall inventories were developed for a highly active rock slope, each utilizing a different projection diameter which ranged from two to ten times the point spacing. The results indicate that the greatest amount of change is extracted using an M3C2 projection diameter equal to, or slightly larger than, the point spacing, depending on the variation in point spacing. When the M3C2 projection diameter becomes larger than the changing area on the rock slope, the change cannot be identified and extracted. Inventory summaries and illustrations depict the influence of spatial averaging on the semi-automated rockfall extraction, and suggestions are made for selecting the optimal projection diameter. Recommendations are made to improve the methods used to semi-automatically extract rockfall from sequential point clouds.

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