scholarly journals Hybrid 3D Models: When Geomatics Innovations Meet Extensive Built Heritage Complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Giulia Sammartano ◽  
Antonia Spanò ◽  
Alessandra Spreafico
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Topographic Surveys

This article proposes the use of a multiscale and multisensor approach to collect and model three-dimensional (3D) data concerning wide and complex areas to obtain a variety of metric information in the same 3D archive, which is based on a single coordinate system. The employment of these 3D georeferenced products is multifaceted and the fusion or integration among different sensors’ data, scales, and resolutions is promising, and it could be useful in the generation of a model that could be defined as a hybrid. The correct geometry, accuracy, radiometry, and weight of the data models are hereby evaluated when comparing integrated processes and results from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and terrestrial photogrammetry, while using Total Station (TS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for topographic surveys. The entire analysis underlines the potentiality of the integration and fusion of different solutions and it is a crucial part of the ‘Torino 1911’ project whose main purpose is mapping and virtually reconstructing the 1911 Great Exhibition settled in the Valentino Park in Turin (Italy).

scholarly journals Hybrid 3D Models: When Geomatics Innovations Meet Extensive Built Heritage Complexes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Giulia Sammartano ◽  
Antonia Spanò ◽  
Alessandra Spreafico
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

This article proposes the use of a multi-scale and multi-sensor approach to collect and modelling 3D data concerning wide and complex areas in order to obtain a variety of metric information in the same 3D archive, based on a single coordinate system. The employment of these 3D georeferenced products is multifaceted and the fusion or integration among different sensors data, scales and resolutions is promising and could be useful for the generation of a model that could be defined as hybrid. The correct geometry, accuracy, radiometry and weight of the data models are hereby evaluated comparing integrated processes and results from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), terrestrial photogrammetry, using Total Station (TS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as topographic survey. The entire analysis underlines the potentiality of the integration and fusion of different solutions and is a crucial part of the “Torino 1911” project whose main purpose is mapping and virtually reconstructing the 1911 Great Exhibition settled in the Valentino Park in Turin (Italy).

scholarly journals Monitoring and Computation of the Volumes of Stockpiles of Bulk Material by Means of UAV Photogrammetric Surveying

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Tucci ◽  
Antonio Gebbia ◽  
Alessandro Conti ◽  
Lidia Fiorini ◽  
Claudio Lubello
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The monitoring and metric assessment of piles of natural or man-made materials plays a fundamental role in the production and management processes of multiple activities. Over time, the monitoring techniques have undergone an evolution linked to the progress of measure and data processing techniques; starting from classic topography to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technologies up to the current survey systems like laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry. Last-generation 3D data management software allow for the processing of increasingly truer high-resolution 3D models. This study shows the results of a test for the monitoring and computing of stockpile volumes of material coming from the differentiated waste collection inserted in the recycling chain, performed by means of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric survey and the generation of 3D models starting from point clouds. The test was carried out with two UAV flight sessions, with vertical and oblique camera configurations, and using a terrestrial laser scanner for measuring the ground control points and as ground truth for testing the two survey configurations. The computations of the volumes were carried out using two software and comparisons were made both with reference to the different survey configurations and to the computation software.

scholarly journals Validation of Portable Mobile Mapping System for Inspection Tasks in Thermal and Fluid–Mechanical Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-Martín ◽  
Rodríguez-Gonzálvez ◽  
Ruiz de Oña Crespo ◽  
González-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Machine Room ◽  
Inspection Tasks

The three-dimensional registration of industrial facilities has a great importance for maintenance, inspection, and safety tasks and it is a starting point for new improvements and expansions in the industrial facilities context. In this paper, a comparison between the results obtained using a novel portable mobile mapping system (PMMS) and a static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), widely used for 3D reconstruction in civil and industrial scenarios, is carried out. This comparison is performed in the context of industrial inspection tasks, specifically in the thermal and fluid-mechanics facilities in a hospital. The comparison addresses the general reconstruction of a machine room, focusing on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of different elements (e.g., valves, regulation systems, burner systems and tanks, etc.). The validation of the PMMS is provided considering the TLS as ground truth and applying a robust statistical analysis. Results come to confirm the suitability of the PMMS to perform inspection tasks in industrial facilities.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Documentation, Conservation and Preservation of the Monolithic Statues in San Agustín as Pilot for Outdoor Cultural Heritage Documentation in Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
A. Estela ◽  
J. Hamacher
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The "Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia" (ICANH) started a new conservation project for the "San Agustín Archaeological Park" (Huila, Colombia) in 2013. The objectives of this project are the documentation, conservation, and preservation of the numerous monolithic statues mainly by integrating the use of new technologies (3D models). A first phase of the project has been completed, resulting in three-dimensional models of 66 of the monolithic sculptures in San Agustín. The methodology developed in this first phase will show the way for other heritage sites in Colombia and for subsequent phases applied to the archaeological park. The 3D data has been obtained using two types of data acquisition technology: the Mantis Vision F5 using infrared structured-light (SL) and a laser scanner based on the phase shift (PS) technology, the Z+F Imager 5010. The results show that future phases need improvement in data acquisition. Mainly the data obtained with the hand held scanner shows many lacunae. This article presents the observations during data processing on the basis of one sculpture, "Escultura 23". In conclusion, this first phase showed where to improve for the succeeding ones, for instance the detail of the meshes need to be increased if the models are to be used for detailed conservation and preservation purposes.

scholarly journals DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY, TLS SURVEY AND 3D MODELLING FOR VR AND AR APPLICATIONS IN CH

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 901-909
Author(s):  
A. Scianna ◽  
G. F. Gaglio ◽  
M. La Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Model Reconstruction ◽  
Web Navigation ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
3D Model Reconstruction ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. The world of valorization of Cultural Heritage is even more focused on the virtual representation and reconstructions of digital 3D models of monuments and archaeological sites. In this scenario the quality and the performances offered by the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) navigation take primary importance, improving the accessibility of cultural sites where the real access is not allowed for natural conditions or human possibilities. The creation of a virtual environment useful for these purposes requires a specific workflow to follow, combining different strategies in the fields of survey, 3D modelling and virtual navigation. In this work a specific case of study has been analyzed as a practical example, the church of ‘San Giorgio dei Genovesi’, settled in the Historic Centre of Palermo (Italy). The acquisition of geometric information has been obtained with the integration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) technologies and the photogrammetric reconstruction from mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipment. The obtained point cloud has been georeferred considering a network of Ground Control Points (GCP) acquired by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The final point cloud has been processed and properly simplified through 3D modelling procedures, to obtain a realistic and light 3D model reconstruction. The model has hence employed into a VR WEB navigation system and will be used for AR outdoor application in the future, allowing to obtain different solutions for empowering the accessibility of the cultural good. The strategy of 3D CH model reconstruction, followed in this work, could be considered a reference methodology for the development of VR gaming applications finalized to CH valorization and AR applications, applied to museums or touristic paths in historical centres.

scholarly journals Compressed pseudo-SLAM: pseudorange-integrated compressed simultaneous localisation and mapping for unmanned aerial vehicle navigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jonghyuk Kim ◽  
Jose Guivant ◽  
Martin L. Sollie ◽  
Torleiv H. Bryne ◽  
Tor Arne Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Global Correlation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Correlation Information ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract This paper addresses the fusion of the pseudorange/pseudorange rate observations from the global navigation satellite system and the inertial–visual simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) to achieve reliable navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles. This work extends the previous work on a simulation-based study [Kim et al. (2017). Compressed fusion of GNSS and inertial navigation with simultaneous localisation and mapping. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 32(8), 22–36] to a real-flight dataset collected from a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle platform. The dataset consists of measurements from visual landmarks, an inertial measurement unit, and pseudorange and pseudorange rates. We propose a novel all-source navigation filter, termed a compressed pseudo-SLAM, which can seamlessly integrate all available information in a computationally efficient way. In this framework, a local map is dynamically defined around the vehicle, updating the vehicle and local landmark states within the region. A global map includes the rest of the landmarks and is updated at a much lower rate by accumulating (or compressing) the local-to-global correlation information within the filter. It will show that the horizontal navigation error is effectively constrained with one satellite vehicle and one landmark observation. The computational cost will be analysed, demonstrating the efficiency of the method.

scholarly journals Towards a Fully Automated 3D Reconstruction System Based on LiDAR and GNSS in Challenging Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Ruike Ren ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
Hanzhang Xue ◽  
Zhenping Sun ◽  
Kai Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Factor Graph ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

High-precision 3D maps play an important role in autonomous driving. The current mapping system performs well in most circumstances. However, it still encounters difficulties in the case of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal blockage, when surrounded by too many moving objects, or when mapping a featureless environment. In these challenging scenarios, either the global navigation approach or the local navigation approach will degenerate. With the aim of developing a degeneracy-aware robust mapping system, this paper analyzes the possible degeneration states for different navigation sources and proposes a new degeneration indicator for the point cloud registration algorithm. The proposed degeneracy indicator could then be seamlessly integrated into the factor graph-based mapping framework. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed 3D reconstruction system based on GNSS and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors can map challenging scenarios with high precision.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Correction of the Spatial Orientation Angles of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Real Time GNSS, a Shoreline Image and an Electronic Navigational Chart

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2810
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Naus ◽  
Piotr Szymak ◽  
Paweł Piskur ◽  
Maciej Niedziela ◽  
Aleksander Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Correction ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Undoubtedly, Low-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common in marine applications. Equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver for highly accurate positioning, they perform camera and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements. Unfortunately, these measurements may still be subject to large errors-mainly due to the inaccuracy of measurement of the optical axis of the camera or LiDAR sensor. Usually, UAVs use a small and light Inertial Navigation System (INS) with an angle measurement error of up to 0.5∘ (RMSE). The methodology for spatial orientation angle correction presented in the article allows the reduction of this error even to the level of 0.01∘ (RMSE). It can be successfully used in coastal and port waters. To determine the corrections, only the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) and an image of the coastline are needed.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF OBJECTS IN PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Radović
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Airborne Laser

Within the last years terrestrial and airborne laser scanning has become a powerful technique for fast and efficient three-dimensional data acquisition of different kinds of objects. Airborne laser system (LiDAR) collects accurate georeferenced data of extremely large areas very quickly while the terrestrial laser scanner produces dense and geometrically accurate data. The combination of these two segments of laser scanning provides different areas of application. One of the applications is in the process of reconstruction of objects. Objects recorded with laser scanning technology and transferred into the final model represent the basis for building an object as it was original. In this paper, there will be shown two case studies based on usage of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the data collected by them.

scholarly journals Georeferencing of Laser Scanner-Based Kinematic Multi-Sensor Systems in the Context of Iterated Extended Kalman Filters Using Geometrical Constraints

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Vogel ◽  
Hamza Alkhatib ◽  
Johannes Bureick ◽  
Rozhin Moftizadeh ◽  
Ingo Neumann
Keyword(s):  
State Constraints ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Geometrical Constraints ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Impact

Georeferencing is an indispensable necessity regarding operating with kinematic multi-sensor systems (MSS) in various indoor and outdoor areas. Information from object space combined with various types of prior information (e.g., geometrical constraints) are beneficial especially in challenging environments where common solutions for pose estimation (e.g., global navigation satellite system or external tracking by a total station) are inapplicable, unreliable or inaccurate. Consequently, an iterated extended Kalman filter is used and a general georeferencing approach by means of recursive state estimation is introduced. This approach is open to several types of observation inputs and can deal with (non)linear systems and measurement models. The capability of using both explicit and implicit formulations of the relation between states and observations, and the consideration of (non)linear equality and inequality state constraints is a special feature. The framework presented is evaluated by an indoor kinematic MSS based on a terrestrial laser scanner. The focus here is on the impact of several different combinations of applied state constraints and the dependencies of two classes of inertial measurement units (IMU). The results presented are based on real measurement data combined with simulated IMU measurements.

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