scholarly journals GIS-Assisted Prediction and Risk Zonation of Wildlife Attacks in the Chitwan National Park in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Ruda ◽  
Jaromír Kolejka ◽  
Thakur Silwal
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Risk Zonation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
Chitwan National Park

Population growth forces the human community to expand into the natural habitats of wild animals. Their efforts to use natural sources often collide with wildlife attacks. These animals do not only protect their natural environment, but in the face of losing the potential food sources, they also penetrate in human settlements. The research was situated in the Chitwan National Park (CNP) in Nepal, and the aim of this study was to investigate possible geospatial connections between attacks of all kinds of animals on humans in the CNP and its surroundings between 2003 and 2013. The patterns of attacks were significantly uneven across the months, and 89% of attacks occurred outside the park. In total, 74% attacks occurred in the buffer zone forests and croplands within 1 km from the park. There was a strong positive correlation among the number of victims for all attacking animals with a maximum of one victim per 4 km2, except elephant and wild boar. The density of bear victims was higher where the tiger and rhino victims were lower, e.g., in the Madi valley. The data collected during this period did not show any signs of spatial autocorrelation. The calculated magnitude per unit area using the kernel density, together with purpose-defined land use groups, were used to determine five risk zones of wildlife attacks. In conclusion, it was found that the riskiest areas were locations near the forest that were covered by agricultural land and inhabited by humans. Our research results can support any local spatial decision-making processes for improving the co-existence of natural protection in the park and the safety of human communities living in its vicinity.

Impact of grazing restrictions on livestock composition and husbandry practices in Madi Valley, Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHIM GURUNG ◽  
KRISTEN C. NELSON ◽  
JAMES L.D. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Grazing Lands

SUMMARYLivestock grazing restrictions are a common practice in the protected areas of developing countries. Understanding the influence of these restrictions on livestock husbandry is critical because local people's livelihoods often depend on access to grazing lands and biodiversity conservation may be affected by grazing activities. Household surveys and government records were used to examine impacts of grazing restrictions on livestock composition and use of available forage resources in the Madi Valley of Chitwan National Park (Nepal) during early (1997) and late (2006) restriction policy periods. Households responded to grazing restrictions by reducing numbers of less productive cattle and high maintenance buffalo to offset forage demands, but there was no decrease in the number of goats. In 2006, average household fodder biomass (3.4 t yr−1) available from agricultural land was adequate for the average household livestock units (3.3 t yr−1) requirement. Although most households ‘stall fed’ livestock as an adjustment to the new policy, about 30% still depended on community forests and parklands for livestock rearing. Higher ‘stall feeding’ reduced grazing pressure and increased forest cover but demanded more fodder cutting, which has the potential to increase human/wildlife interactions, particularly with tigers in the buffer zone community forests.

scholarly journals Land Use Change in Buffer Zone of Chitwan National Park, Nepal between 1978 and 1999

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Baidya ◽  
D. R. Bhuju ◽  
P. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Total Study Area

Land use dynamics in the Buffer Zone of Chitwan National Park was assessed by integrated use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System covering 1978, 1992 and 1999. Among all land-use type, forest was the most dominating land-use in 1978 covering 45.33% of total study area. However, the agricultural land became the most dominating land-use since 1992. The study found that since 1978 to 1999 there was increase in agricultural land by 67.28 km2, built-up area by 0.81 km2 and shrub-land by 7.68 km2. Whereas, the forest decreased by 62.23 km2, grassland by 11.38 km2 and water bodies by 2.16 km2. Vegetation density analysis using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) revealed that the densely vegetated area decreased by 5.03 km2 in a time-span of less than 10 years. Despite the successful community forest management in the BZ of CNP, this study showed a decline in densely forested area. Key words: GIS, Land use types, management, Remote sensing, Vegetation. DOI: 10.3126/eco.v16i0.3478ECOPRINT 16: 79-86, 2009

Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus Bennett, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) distribution and habitat characteristics in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 12451-12458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Mishra ◽  
Khadga Basnet ◽  
Rajan Amin ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Threaten Species

The Fishing Cat is a highly specialized and threatened felid, and its status is poorly known in the Terai region of Nepal.  Systematic camera-trap surveys, comprising 868 camera-trap days in four survey blocks of 40km2 in Rapti, Reu and Narayani river floodplains of Chitwan National Park, were used to determine the distribution and habitat characteristics of this species.  A total of 19 photographs of five individual cats were recorded at three locations in six independent events.  Eleven camera-trap records obtained during surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2013 were used to map the species distribution inside Chitwan National Park and its buffer zone.  Habitat characteristics were described at six locations where cats were photographed.  The majority of records were obtained in tall grassland surrounding oxbow lakes and riverbanks.  Wetland shrinkage, prey (fish) depletion in natural wetlands and persecution threaten species persistence.  Wetland restoration, reducing human pressure and increasing fish densities in the wetlands, provision of compensation for loss from Fishing Cats and awareness programs should be conducted to ensure their survival.  We also recommend studying genetic diversity of sub-populations, as well as habitat use by radio-tagging. 

scholarly journals Remarkable Population Resilience in a North African Endemic Damselfly in the Face of Rapid Agricultural Transformation

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Rassim Khelifa ◽  
Hayat Mahdjoub ◽  
Affef Baaloudj ◽  
Robert A. Cannings ◽  
Michael J. Samways
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
North African ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats

Agriculture can be pervasive in its effect on wild nature, affecting various types of natural habitats, including lotic ecosystems. Here, we assess the extent of agricultural expansion on lotic systems in Northern Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco) and document its overlap with the distribution of an endemic damselfly, Platycnemis subdilatata Selys, using species distribution modeling. We found that agricultural land cover increased by 321% in the region between 1992 and 2005, and, in particular, the main watercourses experienced an increase in agricultural land cover from 21.4% in 1992 to 78.1% in 2005, together with an increase in the intensity of 226% in agricultural practices. We used capture–mark–recapture (CMR) surveys in terrestrial habitats surrounding a stream bordered by grassland and cropland in northeastern Algeria to determine demographic parameters and population size, as well as cropland occupancy. CMR modeling showed that the recapture and survival probabilities had an average of 0.14 (95%CI: 0.14–0.17) and 0.86 (0.85–0.87), respectively. We estimated a relatively large population of P. subdilatata (~1750 individuals) in terrestrial habitats. The occupancy of terrestrial habitats by adults was spatially structured by age. Our data suggest that P. subdilatata has survived agricultural expansion and intensification better than other local odonate species, mainly because it can occupy transformed landscapes, such as croplands and grasslands.

Transmission of Gastrointestinal Parasites in between Deer and Livestock Species at buffer zone located within the eastern part of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Sapkota ◽  
Sagar Regmi ◽  
Roshan Ghimire ◽  
Ashish Pokhrel ◽  
Amir Sadaula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Abstract Deer are the hoofed ruminants of the order Artiodactyla and suborder Ruminantia in which infectious disease and parasites are of major concern in their conservation. This specific research helps us to determine the transmission of gastrointestinal parasites between deer and livestock in the buffer zone. The study was conducted in the eastern part of Chitwan National Park from June 2020 to July 2020. Fecal examination for the parasitic load was carried out using Floatation and Sedimentation techniques. 96.49% of the total fecal samples tested for parasitic eggs were found to be positive for the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasite whereas parasitic prevalence in livestock of Buffer Zone i.e. Sauraha and Bachhauli area was calculated to be 87.30% based on the examination conducted within that same period and same area by the veterinary hospital. Pramphistomum was the most prevalent one in both deer (72.72%) and livestock (52.63%). The finding of this research revealed the higher chances of the exchange of parasites between the deer and livestock. A more advanced study must be done in this sector and concerned authorities should develop and implement effective plans to prevent cross-transmission of parasites between deer and livestock and other wildlife.

scholarly journals Park-people interface: a case study of Ayodhyapuri VDC, Chitwan, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Anita Pant ◽  
Shivraj Bhata
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
National Park ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Wood Consumption

The study in Ayodhyapuri Village Development Committee in Buffer Zone of Chitwan National Park revealed that the main source of energy is fuel wood, most of which is supplied from Buffer Zone Community Forestry (BZCF) and Chitwan National Park (37.93%) and partially from private land (2.15%). Agriculture was main source of livelihood among the villagers. Fuel wood consumption per household was found to be 3516.11 kg per year in the study area. Landless and low-income households were found using more fuel wood from BZCF and National Park.  The root problems in the study area are the maximum extraction of fuel wood and fodder from the CF and National Park, and the crop depredation by wildlife. The depredation of the crop by wildlife is one of the major barriers influencing the conservation attitude of local people. The CF is rich in biodiversity as revealed by presence of 36 species of trees, 54 species of shrubs and 66 species of herbs. Shorea robusta is the most dominating species in both trees and shrub strata whereas Imperata cylindrica is the most frequent herbaceous species. Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p47-53 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6862

scholarly journals Revenue distribution pattern and park-people conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Silwal ◽  
BP Shrestha ◽  
BP Bhatta ◽  
BP Devkota
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Conflict Reduction ◽  
Community Buildings

This study has assessed patterns and consequences of park revenue sharing and implementation effectiveness to reduce park-people conflict in the Buffer Zone of Chitwan National Park. To explore programme implementation practice and consequences, two-thirds (n=14) of user committees were selected from the four management sectors. From the sampled committees, a questionnaire survey was randomly taken from user groups (n=100) to collect income and expenditure data. The revenue disbursement trends were favoured in community development works (roads, community buildings and schools) than conflict reduction issues. Fourty-two per cent of the total budget was allocated to infrastructures development, which was followed by conservation and conflict management (35%) and education (9%). Only a small amount of the budget was allocated to alternative energy, construction of animal preventive infrastructures to control wild-animals entering farmland and settlement, and provisions for wildlife damage compensation schemes. A certain part of the revenue should be allocated to wildlife victims. Furthermore, the process of providing relief funds should be shortened and simplified. Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 1, Page 35-41 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v23i1.9465

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