scholarly journals Automation of Building Permission by Integration of BIM and Geospatial Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Ola Olsson ◽  
Josefine Axelsson ◽  
Martin Hooper ◽  
Lars Harrie
Keyword(s):  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Footprint ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Footprint Area ◽  
Automated Processes ◽  
Paper Format ◽  
Modelling Methods

The building permission process is to a large extent an analogue process where much information is handled in paper format or as pdf files. With the ongoing digitalisation in society, there is a potential to automate this process by integrating Building Information Models (BIM) of planned buildings and geospatial data to check if a building conforms to the building permission regulations. In this study, an inventory of which regulations in the (Swedish) detailed development plans that can be automatically checked or supported by 3D visualisation was conducted. Then, two of these regulations, the building height and the building footprint area, were studied in detail to find to which extent they can be automatically checked by integration of BIM and geospatial data. In addition, a feasibility study of one visual criterion was conducted. One concern when automating the building permission process is the variability of content within the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model. Variations in modelling methods and model content leads to differences in IFC models’ content and structure; these differences complicate automated processes. To facilitate automated processes, requirements on the production of IFC models for building permission applications could be defined in the form of model view definitions or delivery specifications.

scholarly journals From IFC to 3D Tiles: An Integrated Open-Source Solution for Visualising BIMs on Cesium

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Chen ◽  
Erfan Shooraj ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard ◽  
Soheil Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information

The 3D Tiles specification, created by Cesium, is designed for streaming massive heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) geospatial datasets online using WebGL technology. The program has prevailed in the WebGIS community due to its ability to visualise, interact, and style 3D objects for various scenarios, such as 3D cities, indoor environments, and point clouds. It offers a new opportunity to integrate Building Information Models (BIM) in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data format with existing geospatial data in a 3D WebGIS platform with open-source implementation. As no open-source solution for converting IFC models into 3D Tiles for online visualization had yet been found, this paper explores feasible approaches and integrates a range of tools and libraries as an open-source solution for the community.

scholarly journals Data transfer between digital models of built assets and their operation & maintenance systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Kay Rogage ◽  
David Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Many ◽  
Transfer Of Information

The operation and maintenance of built assets is crucial for optimising their whole life cost and efficiency. Historically, however, there has been a general failure in the transfer information between the design-and-construct (D&C) and operate-and-maintain (O&M) phases of the asset lifecycle. The recent steady uptake of digital technologies, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the D&C phase has been accompanied by an expectation that this would enable better transfer of information to those responsible for O&M. Progress has been slow, with practitioners being unsure as to how to incorporate BIM into their working practices. Three types of challenge are identified, related to communication, experience and technology. In examining the last aspect, it appears that a major problem has been that of interoperability between building information models and the many computer-aided facilities management (CAFM) systems in use. The successful and automatic transfer of information from a building model to an FM tool is, in theory, achievable through the medium of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. However, this relies upon the authoring of the model in terms of how well its structure permits the identification of relevant objects, their relationships and attributes. The testing of over 100 anonymised building models revealed that very few did; prohibiting their straightforward mapping to the maintenance database we had selected for the test. An alternative, hybrid approach was developed using an open-source software toolkit to identify objects by their geometry as well as their classification, thus enabling their automatic transfer. In some cases, manual transfer proved necessary. The implications are that while these problems can be overcome on a case-by-case basis, interoperability between D&C and O&M systems will not become standard until it is accommodated by appropriate and informed authoring of building models.

Managing Real-Time Information Within BIM-Based Processes for Assessing Building Behaviours in Operation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Daniela Pasini ◽  
Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini ◽  
Bruno Daniotti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Physical Assets ◽  
Real Time Information

Considering the remarkable shift that the digitalisation is nowadays bringing about in the building sector, the paper focuses on how the great amount of data collected around assets is changing the way buildings are operated, particularly for what concerns innovation on products, processes and technologies. By establishing a connection between as-designed virtual models and as-delivered physical assets, the paper presents methods and tools based on information management and developed for assessing building behaviours in operation and for defining control strategies for satisfying user needs. The research aims to investigate how the building process could benefit from the availability of multi-faceted information collected in real time (e.g. through sensors) during the operational stages of buildings. Digitally-enabled practices and technologies have been developed and tested for improving a data-driven asset management, by enriching Building Information Models through data gathered through Building Management Systems, according to the Industry Foundation Classes schema.

scholarly journals An openBIM Approach to IoT Integration with Incomplete As-Built Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8287
Author(s):  
Nicola Moretti ◽  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Jorge Merino ◽  
Justas Brazauskas ◽  
Ajith Kumar Parlikad
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Asset Data

Digital Twins (DT) are powerful tools to support asset managers in the operation and maintenance of cognitive buildings. Building Information Models (BIM) are critical for Asset Management (AM), especially when used in conjunction with Internet of Things (IoT) and other asset data collected throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, information contained within BIM models is usually outdated, inaccurate, and incomplete as a result of unclear geometric and semantic data modelling procedures during the building life cycle. The aim of this paper is to develop an openBIM methodology to support dynamic AM applications with limited as-built information availability. The workflow is based on the use of the IfcSharedFacilitiesElements schema for processing the geometric and semantic information of both existing and newly created Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) objects, supporting real-time data integration. The methodology is validated using the West Cambridge DT Research Facility data, demonstrating good potential in supporting an asset anomaly detection application. The proposed workflow increases the automation of the digital AM processes, thanks to the adoption of BIM-IoT integration tools and methods within the context of the development of a building DT.

scholarly journals An Inspection of IFC Models from Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2232
Author(s):  
Francesca Noardo ◽  
Ken Arroyo Ohori ◽  
Thomas Krijnen ◽  
Jantien Stoter
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Automatic Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Open Standard ◽  
High Level

Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a complete, wide and complex open standard data model to represent Building Information Models. Big efforts are being made by the standardization organization buildingSMART, to develop and maintain this standard in collaboration with researchers, companies and institutions. However, when trying to use IFC models from practice for automatic analysis, some issues emerge, as a consequence of a misalignment between what is prescribed by, or available in, the standard with the data sets that are produced in practice. In this study, a sample of models produced by practitioners for aims different from their explicit use within automatic processing tools is inspected and analyzed. The aim is to find common patterns in data set from practice and their possible discrepancies with the standard, in order to find ways to address such discrepancies in a next step. In particular, it is noticeable that the overall quality of the models requires specific additional care by the modellers before relying on them for automatic analysis, and a high level of variability is present concerning the storage of some relevant information (such as georeferencing).

Publishing authoritative geospatial data to support interlinking of building information models

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 103534
Author(s):  
Kris McGlinn ◽  
Rob Brennan ◽  
Christophe Debruyne ◽  
Alan Meehan ◽  
Lorraine McNerney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Information Models

scholarly journals A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR IFC-BASED DELINEATION OF CONDOMINIUM RIGHTS IN TURKEY: INITIAL EXPERIMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol VIII-4/W2-2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
D. Guler ◽  
T. Yomralioglu
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Land Administration Systems

Abstract. Owing to the increasing existence of multistorey buildings and infrastructures in the built environment, there is a need for three-dimensional (3D) land administration systems (LAS). Regarding this, condominium rights in real-estate properties are needed to be represented as 3D for preventing misinterpretations with regards to who is responsible for or has ownership in which parts of the buildings. Digitalizing the public services appears in current strategies of governments and administrations since it contributes to transparency, speed, and accurateness in the processes. Building permitting that contains obtaining the occupancy permit is a vital one of these public services. With the even-increasing adaptation of Building Information Modelling (BIM), a whole raft of Building Information Models (BIMs) are created to use in digital building permitting. Thus, a significant opportunity for 3D delineation of condominium rights comes out of the reuse of these BIMs, especially their Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data. In this sense, this paper puts forward an approach that includes developing the conceptual model to depict condominium rights and linking that model with the IFC schema. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated by using a floor of a simple building. The study shows that IFC-based representation of condominium rights can be beneficial for the transition to 3D LAS in Turkey.

scholarly journals WHAT IS THE NEED FOR BUILDING PARTS? – A COMPARISON OF CITYGML, INSPIRE BUILDING AND A SWEDISH BUILDING STANDARD

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W10 ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Eriksson ◽  
L. Harrie ◽  
J. M. Paasch
Keyword(s):  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
City Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
City Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The need for digital building information is increasing, both in the form of 3D city models (as geodata) and of more detailed building information models (BIM). BIM models are mainly used in the architecture, engineering and construction industry, but have recently become interesting also for municipalities. The overall aim of this paper is to study one way of dividing a building, namely the division of a building into building parts in both 3D city models and in BIM models. The study starts by an inventory of how building parts are defined in 3D city model standards (CityGML, the INSPIRE building specification and a Swedish national specification for buildings) and in BIM models (Industry Foundation Classes, IFC). The definition of building parts in these specifications are compared and evaluated. The paper also describes potential applications for the use of building parts, on what grounds a building could be divided into building parts, advantages and disadvantages of having building parts and what consequences it can have on the usage of the building information. One finding is that building parts is defined similar, but not identical in the studied geodata specifications and there are no requirements, only recommendations on how buildings should be divided into building parts. This can complicate the modelling, exchange and reuse of building information, and in a longer perspective, it would be desirable to have recommendations of how to define and use building parts in for example a national context.</p>

scholarly journals Applying novelty detection to identify model element to IFC class misclassifications on architectural and infrastructure Building Information Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonsang Koo ◽  
Byungjin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Superior Approach ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract Ensuring the correct mapping of model elements to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) classes is fundamental for the seamless exchange of information between Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, and thus achieve true interoperability. This research explored the possibility of employing novelty detection, a machine learning approach, as a way to detect potential misclassifications that occur during current ad hoc and manual mapping practices. By training the algorithm to learn the geometry of BIM elements for a given IFC class, outliers are detected automatically. A framework for leveraging multiple BIM models and training individual one-class SVM's was formulated and tested on four IFC classes. Performance results demonstrate the classification models to be robust and unbiased. The algorithms developed thus can be leveraged to check the integrity of IFC data, a prerequisite for BIM-based quality control and code compliance. Highlights The correct mapping of BIM elements to IFC classes is critical for IFC based interoperability. A framework is formalized for applying novelty detection to automate the checking of misclassifications. One-class SVM's are trained and tested on two architectural and two infrastructure IFC classes. Performance metrics indicate robust and unbiased models with high accuracy and true negative rates. Novelty detection is a superior approach to outlier detection in identifying misclassifications of BIM to IFC associations.

Managing Real-Time Information Within BIM-Based Processes for Assessing Building Behaviours in Operation

2019 ◽  
pp. 833-848
Author(s):  
Daniela Pasini ◽  
Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini ◽  
Bruno Daniotti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Physical Assets ◽  
Real Time Information

Considering the remarkable shift that the digitalisation is nowadays bringing about in the building sector, the paper focuses on how the great amount of data collected around assets is changing the way buildings are operated, particularly for what concerns innovation on products, processes and technologies. By establishing a connection between as-designed virtual models and as-delivered physical assets, the paper presents methods and tools based on information management and developed for assessing building behaviours in operation and for defining control strategies for satisfying user needs. The research aims to investigate how the building process could benefit from the availability of multi-faceted information collected in real time (e.g. through sensors) during the operational stages of buildings. Digitally-enabled practices and technologies have been developed and tested for improving a data-driven asset management, by enriching Building Information Models through data gathered through Building Management Systems, according to the Industry Foundation Classes schema.

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