scholarly journals Between Consultation and Collaboration: Self-Reported Objectives for 25 Web-Based Geoparticipation Projects in Urban Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Ian Babelon ◽  
Jiří Pánek ◽  
Enzo Falco ◽  
Reinout Kleinhans ◽  
James Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Survey Responses

Web-based participatory mapping technologies are being increasingly harnessed by local governments to crowdsource local knowledge and engage the public in urban planning policies as a means of increasing the transparency and legitimacy of planning processes and decisions. We refer to these technologies as “geoparticipation”. Current innovations are outpacing research into the use of geoparticipation in participatory planning practices. To address this knowledge gap, this paper investigates the objectives of web-based geoparticipation and uses empirical evidence from online survey responses related to 25 urban planning projects in nine countries across three continents (Europe, North America, and Australia). The survey adopts the objectives of the Spectrum for Public Participation that range from information empowerment, with each category specifying promises about how public input is expected to influence decision-making (IAP2, 2018). Our findings show that geoparticipation can leverage a ‘middle-ground’ of citizen participation by facilitating involvement alongside consultation and/or collaboration. This paper constitutes a pilot study as a step toward more robust and replicable empirical studies for cross-country comparisons. Empowerment (or citizen control) is not yet a normative goal or outcome for web-based geoparticipation. Our evidence also suggests that information is pursued alongside other objectives for citizen participation, and therefore functions not as a “low-hanging fruit” as portrayed in the literature, but rather as a core component of higher intensities of participation.

scholarly journals Nationwide survey on the barriers to converting turfgrass lawns to pollinator-friendly native wildflowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nash E. Turley ◽  
Joshua Hogan ◽  
Gloria J. Diehl ◽  
Aaron C. Stack ◽  
Barbara J. Sharanowski
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Survey Responses

AbstractThe abundance and diversity of insect pollinators around the world is declining and habitat loss is a leading cause. Turfgrass lawns cover a vast area in North America and provide a great opportunity for habitat restoration to native wildflowers by the general public. Efforts to encourage the public to replace lawns with wildflowers could be improved by a better understanding of the thoughts and opinions of the public about lawns. We conducted a nationwide online survey to understand what barriers are most important in preventing people from converting a 6 x 6 ft portion of turfgrass lawn to native wildflowers. We also collected data on a variety of demographic factors to see if those influence survey responses. Over 3200 people took survey across the US. We found that ‘Maintenance time’ and ‘Not knowing what to do’ were the most important barriers to creating wildflower habitat. Age was the most important demographic factor impacting results with young people significantly more likely to select multiple barriers in the survey. For example, people aged 18-34 were 4.3 times more likely to indicate ‘Maintenance cost’ would prevent them from creating a wildflower plot than those age 65 or older. Those who had already created a wildflower plot, or those who were members in a native plant or pollinator organization were less likely to select barriers across the board, except for external barriers related to homeowners associations, neighbors, and local governments. This shows that these are persistent concerns even for those that are otherwise keen to create wildflower habitat. Our results suggest that outreach promoting pollinator-friendly native plant gardens should focus on clear and simple methods, small plots that will not take too much time and less likely to provoke neighbors or authority figures.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Testbed Planning: Urban Planning in the Intersection between Experimental and Public Sector Logics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Berglund-Snodgrass ◽  
Dalia Mukhtar-Landgren
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Experimental Logic

Urban planning is, in many countries, increasingly becoming intertwined with local climate ambitions, investments in urban attractiveness and “smart city” innovation measures. In the intersection between these trends, urban experimentation has developed as a process where actors are granted action space to test innovations in a collaborative setting. One arena for urban experimentation is urban testbeds. Testbeds are sites of urban development, in which experimentation constitutes an integral part of planning and developing the area. This article introduces the notion of testbed planning as a way to conceptualize planning processes in delimited sites where planning is combined with processes of urban experimentation. We define testbed planning as a multi-actor, collaborative planning process in a delimited area, with the ambition to generate and disseminate learning while simultaneously developing the site. The aim of this article is to explore processes of testbed planning with regard to the role of urban planners. Using an institutional logics perspective we conceptualize planners as navigating between a public sector—and an experimental logic. The public sector logic constitutes the formal structure of “traditional” urban planning, and the experimental logic a collaborative and testing governance structure. Using examples from three Nordic municipalities, this article explores planning roles in experiments with autonomous buses in testbeds. The analysis shows that planners negotiate these logics in three different ways, combining and merging them, separating and moving between them or acting within a conflictual process where the public sector logic dominates.

scholarly journals Current practices in clinical neurofeedback with functional MRI—Analysis of a survey using the TIDieR checklist

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Randell ◽  
Rachel McNamara ◽  
Leena Subramanian ◽  
Kerenza Hood ◽  
David Linden
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Intervention Description ◽  
Standard Terms

AbstractBackgroundA core principle of creating a scientific evidence base is that results can be replicated in independent experiments and in health intervention research. The TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) checklist has been developed to aid in summarising key items needed when reporting clinical trials and other well designed evaluations of complex interventions in order that findings can be replicated or built on reliably. Neurofeedback (NF) using functional MRI (fMRI) is a multicomponent intervention that should be considered a complex intervention. The TIDieR checklist (with minor modification to increase applicability in this context) was distributed to NF researchers as a survey of current practice in the design and conduct of clinical studies. The aim was to document practice and convergence between research groups, highlighting areas for discussion and providing a basis for recommendations for harmonisation and standardisation.MethodsThe TIDieR checklist was interpreted and expanded (21 questions) to make it applicable to neurofeedback research studies. Using the web-based Bristol Online Survey (BOS) tool, the revised checklist was disseminated to researchers in the BRAINTRAIN European research collaborative network (supported by the European Commission) and others in the fMRI-neurofeedback community.ResultsThere were 16 responses to the survey. Responses were reported under eight main headings which covered the six domains of the TIDieR checklist: What, Why, When, How, Where and Who.ConclusionsThis piece of work provides encouraging insight into the ability to be able to map neuroimaging interventions to a structured framework for reporting purposes. Regardless of the considerable variability of design components, all studies could be described in standard terms of diagnostic groups, dose/duration, targeted areas/signals, and psychological strategies and learning models. Recommendations are made which include providing detailed rationale of intervention design in study protocols.

Mobile Participation

2013 ◽  
pp. 199-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Höffken ◽  
Bernd Streich
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Mobile Web Services ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Networked Society

Smartphones and tablet computers are becoming essential in everyday life, connecting us in a powerful network through mobile web services. They open new channels of communication between citizens, institutions and administrations, offer greater access to public information, and facilitate increased participation. These new forms of collaborative social interaction revolutionize our information and knowledge society. The chapter examines the new opportunities opened up by mobile phones for mParticipation in the context of urban planning processes. After beginning with a theoretical overview about technical developments, eParticipation and the changes in communication in a networked society, it defines the concept of mParticipation. This is followed by an examination of six real-world projects. These examples are then used for the identification of best practices and for the analysis of the usefulness and effectiveness of these new participatory tools. In addition, the chapter discusses the possibilities as well as the barriers to mobile participation, and makes recommendations for the use of smartphones in urban planning. mParticipation opens new channels of communication, creates new ways of gathering local information and has the chance for creating a low-threshold gateway for citizen participation in urban planning, by improving databases and giving instant feedback.

Need for Rethinking Modern Urban Planning Strategies Through Integration of ICTs

2018 ◽  
pp. 7843-7855
Author(s):  
Rounaq Basu ◽  
Arnab Jana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Geocoded Data ◽  
Modern Technologies

Recent progresses in ICTs have paved the way for innovative services, and interactive models and tools. Citizen participation and open innovation have become essential tools for urban planners. These concepts can be implemented through the crowdsourcing model, which is a people-centric approach to solve societal problems using Web 2.0 technologies. This has led to the collection and sharing of geocoded data through GIS. The large amount of data required is one of the drawbacks of GIS. However, collecting such data within short durations at minimum cost has now become possible through development of web-based surveys coupled with use of DBMS. The effectiveness and importance of these three tools (Crowdsourcing, GIS, and DBMS) in modern and future urban planning strategies cannot be undermined. In conclusion, the authors argue that integration of urban policies, modern technologies and fundamental concepts of engineering will lead to discovery of new solutions to important age-old urban problems.

Planners Support of E-Participation in the Field of Urban Planning

2010 ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Granberg ◽  
Joachim Åström
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Communicative Planning ◽  
Positive Attitudes

The chapter questions what planners really mean when they display positive attitudes toward increased citizen participation via ICTs? Are they aiming for change or the reinforcement of existing values and practices? What are the assumptions that underlie and condition the explicit support for e-participation? In addressing these questions, this chapter draws upon a survey mapping the support for e-participation in the field of urban planning, targeting the heads of the planning departments in all Swedish local governments in 2006. The results show confusing or conflicting attitudes among planners towards participation, supporting as well as challenging the classic normative theories of participatory democracy and communicative planning.

Enhancing E-Participation in Urban Planning Competitions

2022 ◽  
pp. 1238-1265
Author(s):  
Pilvi Nummi ◽  
Susa Eräranta ◽  
Maarit Kahila-Tani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
The Impact

Planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives and promote innovative solutions in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition, as it does not consider the views of local residents. This chapter describes how web-based public participation tools are utilized in urban planning competitions to register public opinion alongside the expert view given by the jury. The research focus of this chapter is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes, how the contestants use the information produced, and how it has been utilized in further planning of the area. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in the competition process. However, the results indicate that the impact of participation on selecting the winner is weak. Instead, in further planning of the area, the public opinions are valuable.

Addressing procedural bias in municipal planning governance: A case for incorporating citizen participation within technical advisory committees

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Stephen Kleinschmit
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Municipal Planning ◽  
Community Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Meetings ◽  
Regulatory Purpose ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Technical Advisory Committee

This essay presents models of multiparty negotiation as a means to compare the conventional public meetings format of planning to a preliminary process, the technical advisory committee. A metric of market concentration, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, is used to quantify the structural advantages in each, and presented within the context of municipal planning processes. In doing so, this work advances several propositions: First, open meetings expand power differentials between parties, which lead to outcomes that reflect the political efficacy of participants over the regulatory purpose of government. Second, such meetings create substantial transaction costs for the public, creating a barrier to the expression of community values. Finally, preliminary processes constitute a more effective forum for citizen participation than open meetings.

scholarly journals INTERACTIVE SPATIAL WEB-APPLICATIONS AS NEW MEANS OF SUPPORT FOR URBAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gebetsroither-Geringer ◽  
R. Stollnberger ◽  
J. Peters-Anders
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Government Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Citizen participation, co-creation &amp;ndash; a joint development of professionals and citizens &amp;ndash; initiatives for urban planning processes have increased significantly during the last few years. This development has been strongly supported by the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). E.g., it has never been easier to get information through your mobile devices wherever and whenever you want it. Public open spatial data is available in many cities around the world and web-based applications use this data to provide tools and services for many different topics such as traffic information, or the communication of health-related information (e.g. ozone, particulate matter or pollen loads). This paper presents typical problems of such web-applications in terms of application design and implementation and usability evaluation via describing three case study applications which have been developed recently. It tries to answer the question: How can this kind of geo-services be developed and used by scientists to enable public participation within data gathering and urban planning processes? All three applications have the common goal to provide interactive geo-visualization and analysis features which are tailored to support users in their urban planning processes. The innovation of those applications lies in their flexibility regarding the topics they can tackle and their capability to perform interactive analyses triggered by the user. The applications have been built with a strong focus on exploring the available data (e.g. Open Government Data &amp;ndash; OGD). Two of the applications have been implemented using the R-Shiny framework, the third application, the smarticipate platform, has been developed using ReactJS for the front-end, running a MongoDB in the background which is fed via a micro-service framework. In the latter application, the users can configure topics, i.e. the platform enables the user to create new services for different planning issues.</p>

scholarly journals Policing through the community in Nigeria: The missing link in security architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Chris Ifeanyi Adebowale Oke ◽  
◽  
Frederick Braimah ◽  
Florence U. Masajuma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject

This study examined policing through the community as a strategy of strengthening the security architecture of Nigeria. The study adopted a variety of theories such as citizen participation and the broken window to interrogate the subject matter. The study x-rayed some empirical studies on the perception of the Nigeria police by the public and also contextualized citizens’ participation on community policing to situate the effectiveness of policing through the community. The study found out that policing through the community will improve intelligence gathering capacity of the security agencies in its fight against criminality and insurgencies in Nigeria. The study recommends that the present structure of the police should be decentralized and also take measures to reinvent itself to change the negative perception of the public towards it.

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