scholarly journals Using Exploratory Spatial Analysis to Understand the Patterns of Adolescents’ Active Transport to School and Contributory Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Antoni B. Moore ◽  
Sandra Mandic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Intersection Density ◽  
The City

Active transport to school (ATS) is a convenient way for adolescents to reach their recommended daily physical activity levels. Most previous ATS research examined the factors that promote or hinder ATS, but this research has been of a global (i.e., non-spatial), statistical nature. Geographical Information Science (GIS) is widely applied in analysing human activities, focusing on local spatial phenomena, such as distribution, autocorrelation, and co-association. This study, therefore, applied exploratory spatial analysis methods to ATS and its factors. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) was used to derive maps of transport mode and ATS factor distribution patterns. The results of KDE were compared to and verified by Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) outputs. The data used in this study was collected from 12 high schools, including 425 adolescents who lived within walkable distance and used ATS or MTS in Dunedin New Zealand. This study identified clusters and spatial autocorrelation, confirming that the adolescents living in the south of the city, who were female, attended girls-only schools, lived in more deprived neighbourhoods, and lived in neighbourhoods with higher intersection density and residential density used more ATS. On the other hand, adolescents who were male, attended boys-only schools, lived in less deprived neighbourhoods, had more vehicles at home, and lived in neighbourhoods with medium level intersection density and residential density used more ATS in the northwest of the city as well as some part of the city centre and southeast of the city. The co-association between spatial patterns of the ATS factors and the ATS usages that this study detected adds to the evidence for autocorrelation underpinning ATS users across the study area.

scholarly journals A spatial database of colorectal cancer patients and potential nutritional risk factors in an urban area in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Firouraghi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri ◽  
Fatemeh Kiani ◽  
Ladan Goshayeshi ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The City

Abstract Objectives Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer across the world that multiple risk factors together contribute to CRC development. There is a limited research report on impact of nutritional risk factors and spatial variation of CRC risk. Geographical information system (GIS) can help researchers and policy makers to link the CRC incidence data with environmental risk factor and further spatial analysis generates new knowledge on spatial variation of CRC risk and explore the potential clusters in the pattern of incidence. This spatial analysis enables policymakers to develop tailored interventions. This study aims to release the datasets, which we have used to conduct a spatial analysis of CRC patients in the city of Mashhad, Iran between 2016 and 2017. Data description These data include five data files. The file CRCcases_Mashhad contains the geographical locations of 695 CRC cancer patients diagnosed between March 2016 and March 2017 in the city of Mashhad. The Mashhad_Neighborhoods file is the digital map of neighborhoods division of the city and their population by age groups. Furthermore, these files include contributor risk factors including average of daily red meat consumption, average of daily fiber intake, and average of body mass index for every of 142 neighborhoods of the city.

scholarly journals Statistical and Spatial Analysis of Hurricane-induced Roadway Closures and Power Outages

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
Mohammadreza Koloushani ◽  
Mehmet Baran Ulak ◽  
Eren Erman Ozguven ◽  
Reza Arghandeh Jouneghani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
The Us ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The City

Hurricanes lead to substantial infrastructure system damages, such as roadway closures and power outages, in the US annually, especially in states like Florida. As such, this paper aimed to assess the impacts of Hurricane Hermine (2016) and Hurricane Michael (2018) on the City of Tallahassee, the capital of Florida, via exploratory spatial and statistical analyses on power outages and roadway closures. First, a geographical information systems (GIS)-based spatial analysis was conducted to explore the power outages and roadway closure patterns in the city including kernel density estimation (KDE) and density ratio difference (DRD) methods. In order to provide a more detailed assessment on which population segments were more affected, a second step included a statistical analysis to identify the relationships between demographic- and socioeconomic-related variables and the magnitude of power outages and roadway closures caused by these hurricanes. The results indicate that the high-risk locations for roadway closures showed different patterns, whereas power outages seemed to have similar spatial patterns for the hurricanes. The findings of this study can provide useful insights and information for city officials to identify the most vulnerable regions which are under the risk of disruption. This can lead to better infrastructure plans and policies.

scholarly journals SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA APLICADO NOS REGISTROS DE INCÊNDIOS DA CIDADE DE BELÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sousa Santos ◽  
Orleno Marques da Silva Junior ◽  
Shirley Capela Tozi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Record System ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Urban Fires ◽  
The City

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLIED IN THE FIRE RECORDS OF THE CITY OF BELÉM, STATE OF PARÁSISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA APLICADO EN LOS REGISTROS DE INCENDIOS DE LA CIUDAD DE BELÉM, ESTADO DEL PARÁO Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado do Pará possui um banco de dados de suas atividades denominado Sistema de Cadastro de Ocorrências de Bombeiros, no entanto, essas informações são utilizadas apenas nas elaborações planilhas, gráficos, tabelas e relatórios. Este estudo objetiva aplicar um Sistema de Informação Geográfica para análise espacial das ocorrências de incêndios na cidade de Belém. Fez-se o levantamento, tratamento, tabulação e geocodificação dos dados de ocorrências de incêndios urbanos, localização dos hidrantes e Grupamento de Bombeiros Militar. Foram identificados 96 hidrantes na área de estudo de um total de 80 relacionados pela companhia de água. Com os resultados identificaram-se oito zonas de densidade de incêndio que necessitam de atenção preventiva do Corpo de Bombeiros. A zona 1 teve a maior extensão territorial (1,35 km²) e a zona 8 a menor (29.671,26 m²). As oito zonas de densidade de incêndio correspondem a 3% da área em estudo.Palavras-chave: SIG; Incêndios Urbanos; Atividades de Bombeiros Militar; Zoneamento de Incêndio Urbano.ABSTRACTThe Fire Department of the State of Pará has a database of its activities called Firemen's Record System, however, this information is used only in the worksheets, charts, tables and reports. This study aims to apply a Geographic Information System for spatial analysis of fire occurrences in the city of Belém. Data collection, treatment, tabulation and geocoding of occurrences of urban fires, location of fire hydrants and Military Fire Brigade were performed. 96 hydrants were identified in the study area of a total of 80 related by the water company. With the results, we identified eight fire density zones that require preventive attention from the Fire Department. Zone 1 had the largest territorial extension (1.35 km²) and the 8th lowest zone (29,671.26 m²). The eight zones of fire density correspond to 3% of the study area.Keywords: GIS; Urban Fires; Activities Military firefighters; Fire Urban Zoning.RESUMENEl Cuerpo de Bomberos del Estado de Pará posee un banco de datos de sus actividades denominado Sistema de Registro de Ocurrencias de Bomberos, sin embargo, esas informaciones se utilizan sólo en las elaboraciones hojas, gráficos, tablas e informes. Este estudio objetiva aplicar un Sistema de Información Geográfica para el análisis espacial de las ocurrencias de incendios en la ciudad de Belém. Se hizo el levantamiento, tratamiento, tabulación y geocodificación de los datos de ocurrencia de incendios urbanos, localización de los hidrantes y Grupaje de Bomberos Militar. Se identificaron 96 hidrantes en el área de estudio de un total de 80 relacionados por la compañía de agua. Con los resultados se identificaron ocho zonas de densidad de incendio que necesitan atención preventiva del Cuerpo de Bomberos. La zona 1 tuvo la mayor extensión territorial (1,35 km²) y la zona 8 más pequeña (29.671,26 m²). Las ocho zonas de densidad de incendio corresponden al 3% del área en estudio.Palabras clave: SIG, Incêndios Urbanos; Actividades de Bomberos Militares; Zonificación de Incendios Urbanos.

scholarly journals Active Transport to School and School Neighbourhood Built Environment across Urbanisation Settings in Otago, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9013
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lutfur Rahman ◽  
Tessa Pocock ◽  
Antoni Moore ◽  
Sandra Mandic
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
School Level ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Walkability Index ◽  
Intersection Density

The school neighbourhood built environment (BE) can facilitate active transport to school (ATS) in adolescents. Most previous studies examining ATS were conducted in large urban centres and focused on BE of home neighbourhoods. This study examined correlations between school-level ATS rates among adolescents, objectively measured school neighbourhood BE features, and adolescents’ perceptions of the school route across different urbanisation settings. Adolescents (n = 1260; 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 43.6% male) were recruited from 23 high schools located in large, medium, and small urban areas, and rural settings in Otago, New Zealand. Adolescents completed an online survey. School neighbourhood BE features were analysed using Geographic Information Systems. School neighbourhood intersection density, residential density and walkability index were higher in large urban areas compared to other urbanisation settings. School-level ATS rates (mean 38.1%; range: 27.8%–43.9%) were negatively correlated with school neighbourhood intersection density (r = −0.58), residential density (r = −0.60), and walkability index (r = −0.64; all p < 0.01). School-level ATS rates were also negatively associated with adolescents’ perceived safety concerns for walking (r = −0.76) and cycling (r = −0.78) to school, high traffic volume (r = −0.82), and presence of dangerous intersections (r = −0.75; all p < 0.01). Future initiatives to encourage ATS should focus on school neighbourhood BE features and minimise adolescents’ traffic safety related concerns.

scholarly journals Assessing Equity in the Accessibility to Urban Green Spaces According to Different Functional Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edorta Iraegui ◽  
Gabriela Augusto ◽  
Pedro Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
The City

Accessibility of urban residents to different services and amenities is a growing concern for policy makers. Urban green spaces (UGS) provide services and benefits that are particularly important for people having less mobility, such as children, the elderly or the poor. Practical experience has led to the classification of UGS in hierarchic systems reflecting the type and degree of benefits and services or functions they provide to users, which vary, primarily with their size. It is therefore necessary to ensure equity in the spatial distribution of different classes of UGS in the urban areas. In this work, we explore a methodology based in geographical information systems (GIS) to assess equity of access by different population groups to UGS according to its functional levels in the City of Barcelona, Spain, using a spatial clustering method. Results did not support the existence of overall inequalities in the access to UGS by the different groups of the population. However, indicators of spatial association revealed insufficiencies concerning accessibility to nearby UGS by seniors, children and the less wealthy in some parts of the city. This methodology may be used to inform urban planners dealing with the provision of UGS in an equitable manner to different socioeconomic groups of the resident population.

scholarly journals The Urban Nexus Approach for Analyzing Mobility in the Smart City: Towards the Identification of City Users Networking

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Burini ◽  
Nicola Cortesi ◽  
Kevin Gotti ◽  
Giuseppe Psaila
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Analysis Task ◽  
The City ◽  
Media Data

We present an interdisciplinary approach that makes possible to learn how citizens live in the city by the means of mobile social media data, that is, volunteered geographical information provided by the inhabitants through social media and mobile apps, by adopting a new reticular approach to spatial analysis. In particular, we present the general notions as background of our work, an investigation methodology to apply whenever such an analysis task must be performed, and a digital environment of tools and frameworks to support the methodology.

scholarly journals EXPLORATORY SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PRICES OBTAINED FROM WEB SCRAPING TECHNIQUE

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2021 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
T. G. D. Souza ◽  
F. D. R. Fonseca ◽  
V. D. O. Fernandes ◽  
J. C. Pedrassoli
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Local Index ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
The City

Abstract. The exploratory spatial analysis allows to describe patterns of spatial distribution, to identify clusters and outliers through specific techniques of spatial association and data model. The objective of the study is to verify the spatial autocorrelation between the mean prices of the housing obtained from web scraping technique in online platforms in the city of Salvador, on the coast of northeast Brazil. For this purpose, the Global Moran’s Index (which provides a general measure of association) and the Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA) were calculated. The results of Global Moran’s Index indicate positive autocorrelation between the mean prices of housing prices in the 163 districts of the municipally that are statistically significant, such as identification of clusters through LISA. Thus, the analysis allows to conclude the existence of a heterogeneous pattern in the distribution of these mean prices in the urban space of Salvador.

scholarly journals Uşak Şehrinde Okullara Erişebilirliğin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) İle Analizi / Analysis of Accessibility of Schools in Uşak City via Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adem Sezer ◽  
Mehmet Deniz ◽  
Mustafa Topuz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Towards the end of the 20th century, technologically advanced societies have linked the infrastructure and service sectors of the city with technology to reduce population pressure on cities and to sustain welfare. With this aim, state and city managers aimed to accelerate the operation of services. This situation has led to the establishment of the basics for the creation of smart cities. The areas of use of spatial analysis have also increased with the developing smart city systems. When spatial analyzes are associated with GIS, it becomes very useful for urban studies. Accessibility to schools in the city of Uşak is also an example of this type of spatial analysis. In the study, accessible areas were determined by applying network analysis to the schools in Uşak city. While the data set used in the analysis was created, the locations of the schools taken from Uşak Provincial Directorate of National Education, the number of students, teachers and classrooms, the road and building data obtained from the zoning plan of Uşak Municipality, and the OpenStreetMap vector data were used. In addition, population data of the study area were obtained from TURKSTAT by age. The analysis was applied to the distances and alternative distances specified in the law and the accessable areas were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the biggest problem in accessibility was in kindergartens. As far away from the center as primary and secondary schools, problems were observed in the walls of the city. In high schools, almost all the city remains within the domain. Considering the adequacy of the educational institutions, it is observed that there are a large number of students per teacher and classroom in kindergartens.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru teknolojik açıdan ilerleyen toplumlar şehirlerin üzerinde oluşan nüfus baskısını azaltmak ve refahı sürdürülebilir kılmak için şehrin altyapı ve hizmet sektörlerini teknoloji ile ilişkilendirmişlerdir. Bu gaye ile devlet ve kent yöneticileri hizmetlerin işleyişini hızlandırmayı amaçlamışlardır. Bu durum akıllı kentlerin oluşmasına zemin hazırlayan çalışmaların yapılmasına sebep olmuştur. Gelişen akıllı kent sistemleri ile mekânsal analizlerin kullanım alanları da artmıştır. Mekânsal analizler CBS ile ilişkilendirildiğinde kent çalışmaları için oldukça kullanışlı hale gelmektedir. Çalışmanın amacını da oluşturan Uşak şehrindeki okullara erişilebilirlik bu tipteki mekânsal analizlere bir örnektir.  Çalışmada Uşak şehrinde bulunan eğitim kurumlarına network(ağ) analizi uygulanarak erişilebilir alanlar belirlenmiştir. Analizde kullanılan veri seti oluşturulurken Uşak İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğünden alınan eğitim kurumlarının konumları, öğrenci, öğretmen ve derslik sayıları, Uşak Belediyesinden alınan imar planından elde edilen yol ve yapı verileri ile OpenStreetMap vektör verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma sahasının yaş çağlarına göre nüfus verisi TÜİK'ten temin edilmiştir. Analiz yasalarda belirtilen mesafelere ve alternatif mesafelere uygulanarak erişebilir alanlar belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda erişebilirlikte en büyük problemin anaokullarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlkokul ve ortaokullarda merkezden uzaklaştıkça şehrin çeperlerinde problemlerin olduğu görülmüştür. Liselerde ise hemen hemen bütün şehir etki alanı içerisinde kalmaktadır. Eğitim kurumlarının yeterliliğine bakıldığında yine anaokullarına öğretmen ve derslik başına düşen öğrenci sayılarının fazla olduğu göze çarpmaktadır.</p>

scholarly journals Pemodelan Kesediaan Masyarakat Beranjak Kepada Pengangkutan Aktif

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid ◽  
Muhamad Nazri Borhan ◽  
Nik Mohd Iznan Tuan Yaakub ◽  
Sharinatol Akmanida Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
State Preference ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

Active transport is vital to ensure urban living in a clean, healthy and quality environment. Today, rapid motorisation in Malaysia has been associated with congestion and accidents. Besides, carbon gas emission is polluted the environment and grossly affect people’s quality of life. This study is aimed to predict the variable that effect shift to active transport for short trips. The study employed a survey method, where a set of questionnaire was distributed to 400 samples involved population of five sub-districts in Kota Bharu, which is within 12 km radius from the city centre. The data indicated that almost 100% of the respondents and their households use motorised for daily activities. In addition, 52% of respondents agreed to switch to active transport and 48% the rest did not agree. Willingness to shift to active transport based on state preference survey is significantly influence by level of education and occupation. A study using logistic regression has shown that the highest level of education and occupation of an increasingly less likely a user is to use active transportation. The findings of this study can help relevant agencies such as transportation planners and urban planners to introduce the use of active transport as a mode of transport in city centre.

scholarly journals Development of a Digital Accident Hotspot Map for ADAS Applications Using Geospatial Methods in GIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Ye ◽  
Xiaolin Meng ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Suchith Anand
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Property Data ◽  
The City

Digital maps have a large potential to support safety-related Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) by providing detailed road and environment information. However, one critical attribute – road accident hotspot – is not available from existing digital maps, and is also difficult to derive from practical surveying. This paper provides a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based approach for the production of digital hotspot maps, based on a historical accident dataset and geospatial methods in a GIS. In this approach, firstly the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method was used to identify hotspot distribution; secondly the Percent Volume Contour (PVC) method was coupled with KDE to extract hotspot patterns; and finally the map layers of hotspot patterns were integrated with classical navigation maps. Following a description for geospatial hotspot production, the derivation of hotspot property data is also discussed. In order to prove this approach, a small-area case study was carried out in the City Centre of Nottingham. The presented results demonstrate that this approach is useful and effective for solving the hotspot creation problem for ADAS, but other future works will be required to improve data effectiveness.

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