scholarly journals A Circuity Temporal Analysis of Urban Street Networks Using Open Data: A Lisbon Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Miguel Costa ◽  
Manuel Marques ◽  
Filipe Moura
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Straight Line

Urban street networks impact urban space usage and movement across a city. Circuity, the ratio of network distances to straight-line distances, is considered a critical measurement in urban network morphology and transportation efficiency as it can measure the attractiveness of routes in terms of distance traveled. Here, we compare circuity measures for drivable, cyclable, and walkable networks to analyze how they evolved and understand whether urban changes have produced meaningful circuity changes. Our analyses rely on Lisbon data from OpenStreetMaps to explore circuity for the period 2013–2020, which we used to simulate 4.8 million routes using OpenRouteService to compute the different modes’ circuity measures. Our findings suggest that it is crucial to analyze each transport network type separately when planning or modeling urban street networks. Their composition and design differ significantly from mode to mode, such as their attractiveness to users. We identify significant changes in modes’ circuity over time, especially in cycling, following Lisbon’s cycling infrastructure expansion. Our paper demonstrates that the circuity indicator is useful when planning and modeling street networks, in particular, to optimize the location choice for interventions required to increase the attractiveness of active modes and promote sustainable mobility. At the same time, we emphasize the lack of information on walking infrastructures required for more detailed analyses.

scholarly journals The Relative Circuity of Walkable and Drivable Urban Street Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relative Structure ◽  
Us Cities

Circuity, the ratio of network distances to straight-line distances, is an important measure of urban street network structure and transportation efficiency. Circuity results from a circulation network’s configuration, planning, and underlying terrain. In turn, it impacts how humans use urban space for settlement and travel. Although past research has examined overall street network circuity, researchers have not studied the relative circuity of walkable versus drivable circulation networks. To address this gap, this study uses OpenStreetMap data to explore relative network circuity. We download walkable and drivable networks for 40 US cities using the OSMnx software, which we then use to simulate two million routes and analyze circuity to characterize network structure. We find that walking networks tend to allow for more direct trips than driving networks do in most cities: average driving circuity exceeds average walking circuity in all but four of the cities that exhibit statistically significant differences between network types. We discuss various reasons for this phenomenon, illustrated with case studies. Network circuity also varies substantially between different types of places. These findings underscore the value of using network-based distances rather than straight-line distances when studying urban travel and access. They also suggest the importance of differentiating between walkable and drivable circulation networks when modeling and characterizing urban street networks: although different modes’ networks overlap in any given city, their relative structure and performance vary in most cities.

scholarly journals The Morphology and Circuity of Walkable and Drivable Street Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relative Structure ◽  
Us Cities

Circuity, the ratio of network distances to straight-line distances, is an important measure of urban street network structure and transportation efficiency. Circuity results from a circulation network's configuration, planning, and underlying terrain. In turn, it impacts how humans use urban space for settlement and travel. Although past research has examined overall street network circuity, researchers have not studied the relative circuity of walkable versus drivable circulation networks. This study uses OpenStreetMap data to explore relative network circuity. We download walkable and drivable networks for 40 US cities using the OSMnx software, which we then use to simulate four million routes and analyze circuity to characterize network structure. We find that walking networks tend to allow for more direct routes than driving networks do in most cities: average driving circuity exceeds average walking circuity in all but four of the cities that exhibit statistically significant differences between network types. We discuss various reasons for this phenomenon, illustrated with case studies. Network circuity also varies substantially between different types of places. These findings underscore the value of using network-based distances and times rather than straight-line when studying urban travel and access. They also suggest the importance of differentiating between walkable and drivable circulation networks when modeling and characterizing urban street networks: although different modes' networks overlap in any given city, their relative structure and performance vary in most cities.

scholarly journals A Methodology to Evaluate Accessibility to Bus Stops as a Contribution to Improve Sustainability in Urban Mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Corazza ◽  
Nicola Favaretto
Keyword(s):  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
Bus Stops

Walking and transit are the backbone of sustainable mobility. Bus stops not only represent the connection between the two, but are also central in dictating the attractiveness of the latter. Accessibility of bus stops becomes, then, pivotal in increasing both attractiveness and sustainability of public transport. The paper describes a multi-step methodology to evaluate bus stops’ accessibility starting from a cluster of seven indicators describing objective and subjective features influencing passengers’ choice toward a given bus stop. The indicators are weighed by a questionnaire submitted to experts. Finally, a multicriteria analysis is developed to obtain a final score describing univocally the accessibility of each stop. Outcomes are mapped and a case study in Rome is reported as an example, with 231 bus and tram stops assessed accordingly. Results shows the relevance of the urban network and environment in evaluating the accessibility and in promoting more sustainable mobility patterns. Research innovation relies on the possibility to merge data from different fields into a specific GIS map and easily highlight for each bus stop the relationships between built environment, passengers’ comfort, and accessibility, with the concluding goal to provide advanced knowledge for further applications.

scholarly journals SENSING SLOW MOBILITY AND INTERESTING LOCATIONS FOR LOMBARDY REGION (ITALY): A CASE STUDY USING POINTWISE GEOLOCATED OPEN DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Brovelli ◽  
D. Oxoli ◽  
M. A. Zurbarán
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Community Platforms ◽  
Gps Tracks ◽  
Different Sources

During the past years Web 2.0 technologies have caused the emergence of platforms where users can share data related to their activities which in some cases are then publicly released with open licenses. Popular categories for this include community platforms where users can upload GPS tracks collected during slow travel activities (e.g. hiking, biking and horse riding) and platforms where users share their geolocated photos. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the information available on the Web, the sole use of these user-generated contents makes it an ambitious challenge to understand slow mobility flows as well as to detect the most visited locations in a region. Exploiting the available data on community sharing websites allows to collect near real-time open data streams and enables rigorous spatial-temporal analysis. This work presents an approach for collecting, unifying and analysing pointwise geolocated open data available from different sources with the aim of identifying the main locations and destinations of slow mobility activities. For this purpose, we collected pointwise open data from the Wikiloc platform, Twitter, Flickr and Foursquare. The analysis was confined to the data uploaded in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) – corresponding to millions of pointwise data. Collected data was processed through the use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) in order to organize them into a suitable database. This allowed to run statistical analyses on data distribution in both time and space by enabling the detection of users’ slow mobility preferences as well as places of interest at a regional scale.

De-commemoration of an urban street in Egypt: the case of Gameat-Aldowel-Alarabyia street

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Abdelwahab
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Street Design ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Lay People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Urban Institution ◽  
Naguib Mahfouz

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the “event” of the construction of Naguib Mahfouz Square. Drawing on the memory of Gamaet-Aldowel-AlArabyia Street, it attempts to uncover the socio-cultural structures inherited in the Egyptian urban street.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts Foucauldian discourse on institutions of “knowledge and authority” to approach the power relations between the actors involved. This discourse was constructed through in-depth, unstructured interviews with architects and involved government personnel as well as other archival resources that included national newspapers and magazines.FindingsThis discourse reflected an institutional controversy between these actors over the perception and design of the Egyptian street, highlighting the alienation of the designer, and the user/lay-people, from the urban institution. Naguib Mahfouz Square presented a considerable deviation from the established norms of street design in Egypt at that time through its commemoration of a contemporary figure in literature, the architect’s involvement in the design process and the unfencing of urban space. This event thus questions the perception of the urban street beyond our socio-cultural inheritance, and towards street design as a performative urban act that embraces the everyday activities of lay-people in the street.Originality/valueThe paper utilises Foucauldian discourse on power to approach a case study of an urban event and space in Egypt, which has not previously been investigated thoroughly. It thus holds potential towards the resolution of inherited conflict between the urban street and the urban institution.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Web Approach for Serving Land Price Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
Yaqin Sun ◽  
Songnian Li ◽  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
Kuoyin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Price Information ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Lack Of Information

Participants in the land market are usually hampered to browse and analyze the land price information due to the lack of information sources and available analysis tools. A service-oriented GIS-based web system was developed to provide a practical solution, its essential data sources contain basic geographic elements and benchmark land price (BLP)-related information. Core models for land price analysis were implemented, including land price index, spatial distribution, and parcel appraisal. The system was developed based on a four-level Browse Server (B/S) architecture using GIS and web service technologies, which enables the publishing, browsing, and analysis of the land price information via the Internet. With effective functionalities, the system has been employed in a project for updating BLP in a case study city located in China. The main advantage of the GIS-based web approach lies in its integration of spatial-temporal analysis models and web GIS technology, which allows more investors and administrators with limited domain knowledge to obtain further understanding on the change pattern and spatial distribution of land price by an online means. The experience in the case study city demonstrates that the approach has strong practicality for land price information services.

scholarly journals Can Urban Street Network Characteristics Indicate Economic Development Level? Evidence from Chinese Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashi LOBsang ◽  
Feng Zhen ◽  
Shanqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The street network is considered the skeleton of the city structure; it determines the efficiency and productivity of the city in that it acts like blood vessels transporting people, goods, and information. The relationship between street networks and economic development is an important research topic in urban geography. In recent years, complex network theory has been successfully used for understanding the characteristics of street network structure. However, researchers lack an analytical framework and methods for studying the relationship between the morphological structure of urban streets and the economic development level of cities. Accordingly, this paper proposes a methodological framework for first, quantitatively characterizing the urban morphological structure based on open street network data, and second, exploring the relationship between the morphological structure of the urban street and the urban economic development level. The proposed methodology was applied to 31 provincial capital cities in China. The results indicate that urban morphological structure can be quantitatively described by betweenness and closeness centrality extracted from street networks. Cities with similar structures have similar levels of economic development. Moreover, the results suggest a significant positive correlation between street network betweenness centrality Gini coefficients and cities’ economic development levels, indicating that the street network may affect city productivity. This study makes two major contributions to the scholarly literature. Methodologically, the proposed framework provides technical and methodological support for a better understanding of the relationship between cities’ economic development and urban street structure. Empirically, the demonstrated case study may guide decision-making involving regional development and the optimization of urban space.

Pre-Colonial Origins of Urban Spaces in the West African Sahel: Street Networks, Trade, and Spatial Plurality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Baumanova ◽  
Ladislav Smejda ◽  
Heinz Rüther
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
West African ◽  
East African ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
West African Sahel

Present-day West African towns allow us to study how urban space developed in this region. The urban street networks and layout of residential quarters to some extent preserve the possible movement patterns of pre-colonial urbanites. Long-distance trade, in what is ultimately a liminal and transitory locale, linked the urban nodes on the “coast” of the Sahara. This article takes a closer look on the distribution of streets and quarters as a unique kind of material heritage, as well as major trade routes, which linked into the towns. Analyses of the historic towns of Timbuktu and Djenne in Mali are used to demonstrate how the relationships between trade and urban residents were enacted in space. The structuring of the two towns put them in context with the tradition of dual settlements in West Africa, also finding parallels with the role of urban quarters in merchant towns of the East African coast.

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