scholarly journals Depth Contours and Coastline Generalization for Harbour and Approach Nautical Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Andriani Skopeliti ◽  
Lysandros Tsoulos ◽  
Shachak Pe’eri
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Information System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Depth Contour ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Suitable Generalization ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Critical Process

Generalization of nautical charts and electronic nautical charts (ENCs) is a critical process which aims at the safety of navigation and clear cartographic presentation. This paper elaborates on the problem of depth contours and coastline generalization—natural and artificial—for medium-scale charts (harbour and approach) taking into account International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards, hydrographic offices’ (HOs) best practices and cartographic literature. Additional factors considered are scale, depth, and seafloor characteristics. The proposed method for depth contour generalization utilizes contours created from high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) or those already portrayed on nautical charts. Moreover, it ensures consistency with generalized soundings. Regarding natural coastline generalization, the focus was on managing the resolution, while maintaining the shape, and on the islands. For the provision of a suitable generalization solution for the artificial shoreline, it was preprocessed in order to automatically recognize the shape of each structure as perceived by humans (e.g., a pier that looks like a T). The proposed generalization methodology is implemented with custom-developed routines utilizing standard geo-processing functions available in a geographic information system (GIS) environment and thus can be adopted by hydrographic agencies to support their ENC and nautical chart production. The methodology has been tested in the New York Lower Bay area in the U.S.A. Results have successfully delineated depth contours and coastline at scales 1:10 K, 1:20 K, 1:40 K and 1:80 K.

scholarly journals GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND BATHYMETRIC RESEARCH ON LAKES ZERELIA OF ALMYROS (CENTRAL GREECE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
A. Gaitanopoulos ◽  
K. Albanakis ◽  
K. Vouvalidis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Gis Environment

The area of interest is located close to Almyros city, at the prefecture of Magnesia (Central Greece), where the twin lakes Zerelia are situated. The origin of these twin lakes is not clear, however, many hypotheses have been proposed over the years. A lack of large-scale mapping in the surrounding area and a high resolution spatial depiction of the topography, hinders the extractionof conclusions on the twin lakes' origin. Also, previous studies have focused on surficial evidence to support hypotheses, rather than investigating the geometric characteristics and the spatial lay-out of the twin lakes. Filling this gap, measurements of depth via sonar in Zerelia lakes were performed. The bathymetric data along with the digitized, high-resolution topographic data of the surrounding terrain were imported in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The area was depicted with high accuracythrough DEMs and conclusions for the landscape were extracted. The above analysis contributed towards an appreciation of the intense interplay between erosional andtectonic processes in the area and deemed drainage antecedence an important element that needs to be accounted for, in any interpretation of the origin of the twin lakes Zerelia.

scholarly journals Generalization of Soundings across Scales: From DTM to Harbour and Approach Nautical Charts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Andriani Skopeliti ◽  
Leda Stamou ◽  
Lysandros Tsoulos ◽  
Shachak Pe’eri
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Reference Structure ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Digital Terrain

This paper presents an integrated digital methodology for the generalization of soundings. The input for the sounding generalization procedure is a high resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and the output is a sounding data set appropriate for portrayal on harbour and approach Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs). The sounding generalization procedure follows the “ladder approach” that is a requisite for the portrayal of soundings on nautical charts, i.e., any sounding portrayed on a smaller scale chart should also be depicted on larger scale charts. A rhomboidal fishnet is used as a supportive reference structure based on the cartographic guidance for soundings to display a rhombus pattern on nautical charts. The rhomboidal fishnet cell size is defined by the depth range and the compilation scale of the charted area. Generalization is based on a number of rules and constraints extracted from International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards, hydrographic offices’ best practices and the cartographic literature. The sounding generalization procedure can be implemented using basic geoprocessing functions available in the most commonly used Geographic Information System (GIS) environments. A case study was performed in the New York Lower Bay area based on a high resolution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) DTM. The method successfully produced generalized soundings for a number of Harbour and Approach nautical charts at 10 K, 20 K, 40 K and 80 K scales.

Superior 2X2 Slides

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Harry Schaefer ◽  
Bruce Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
White Film

High resolution 24mm X 36mm positive transparencies can be made from original black and white negatives produced by SEM, TEM, and photomicrography with ease, convenience, and little expense. The resulting 2in X 2in slides are superior to 3¼in X 4in lantern slides for storage, transport, and sturdiness, and projection equipment is more readily available. By mating a 35mm camera directly to an enlarger lens board (Fig. 1), one combines many advantages of both. The negative is positioned and illuminated with the enlarger and then focussed and photographed with the camera on a fine grain black and white film.Specifically, a Durst Laborator 138 S 5in by 7in enlarger with 240/200 condensers and a 500 watt Opale bulb (Ehrenreich Photo-Optical Industries, Inc., New York, NY) is rotated to the horizontal and adjusted for comfortable eye level viewing.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

scholarly journals Flood vulnerability mapping using the spatial multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE) method in the Minraleng Watershed, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fadhil ◽  
Yoanna Ristya ◽  
Nahra Oktaviani ◽  
Eko Kusratmoko
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Very High ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

This study focuses on the assessment of flood-vulnerable areas in the Minraleng watershed, Maros Regency, where the area experiences floods every year. Spatial analysis in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment has been applied to estimate flood-vulnerable zones using six relevant physical factors, such as rainfall intensity, slope, Elevation, distance from the rivers, land use and soil type. The relative importance of physical factors has been compared in paired matrices to obtain weight values using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method. The result showed that the areas located in Camba sub-district had the high vulnerability. The region with a high and very high vulnerability to flood were spread with an area of 436 ha (0,84 %) and 6.168 ha (11.8%).

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