scholarly journals The Sketch Map Tool Facilitates the Assessment of OpenStreetMap Data for Participatory Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Carolin Klonner ◽  
Maximilian Hartmann ◽  
Rebecca Dischl ◽  
Lily Djami ◽  
Liana Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Participatory Mapping ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Intrinsic Quality ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Sketch Map

A worldwide increase in the number of people and areas affected by disasters has led to more and more approaches that focus on the integration of local knowledge into disaster risk reduction processes. The research at hand shows a method for formalizing this local knowledge via sketch maps in the context of flooding. The Sketch Map Tool enables not only the visualization of this local knowledge and analyses of OpenStreetMap data quality but also the communication of the results of these analyses in an understandable way. Since the tool will be open-source and several analyses are made automatically, the tool also offers a method for local governments in areas where historic data or financial means for flood mitigation are limited. Example analyses for two cities in Brazil show the functionalities of the tool and allow the evaluation of its applicability. Results depict that the fitness-for-purpose analysis of the OpenStreetMap data reveals promising results to identify whether the sketch map approach can be used in a certain area or if citizens might have problems with marking their flood experiences. In this way, an intrinsic quality analysis is incorporated into a participatory mapping approach. Additionally, different paper formats offered for printing enable not only individual mapping but also group mapping. Future work will focus on advancing the automation of all steps of the tool to allow members of local governments without specific technical knowledge to apply the Sketch Map Tool for their own study areas.

scholarly journals Participatory Mapping and Visualization of Local Knowledge: An Example from Eberbach, Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Klonner ◽  
Tomás J. Usón ◽  
Nicole Aeschbach ◽  
Bernhard Höfle
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Major River ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The City

Abstract A rise in the number of flood-affected people and areas has increased the interest in new methods and concepts that account for this change. Citizens are integrated into disaster risk reduction processes through participatory approaches and can provide valuable up-to-date local knowledge. During a field study in Eberbach (Baden–Wuerttemberg, Germany) sketch maps and questionnaires were used to capture local knowledge about flooding. Based on a previous study on urban flooding in Santiago de Chile, the tools were adapted and applied to river flooding in the city of Eberbach, which is regularly flooded by the Neckar River, a major river in southwest Germany. The empirical database of the study comprises 40 participants in the study area and 40 in a control area. Half of the participants in each group are residents and half are pedestrians. Purposive sampling was used, and the questionnaires aimed to gather demographic information and explore what factors, such as property, influence the risk perception of the study participants. The results show that residents identify a larger spatial area as at risk than pedestrians, and owning property leads to higher risk awareness. The flood type influenced the choice of the base maps for the sketch maps. For river flooding, one map with an overview of the area was sufficient, while for urban flooding a second map with more details of the area also enables the marking of small streets. The information gathered can complement authoritative data such as from flood models. This participatory approach also increases the communication and trust between local governments, researchers, and citizens.

Error assessment of traffic emission estimates using novel mobility datasets.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gensheimer ◽  
Alexander J. Turner ◽  
Ankit Shekhar ◽  
Adrian Wenzel ◽  
Frank N. Keutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

<p><span>The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread reductions in mobility and induced observable changes in the atmosphere. Recent work has employed novel mobility datasets as a proxy for trace gas emissions from traffic, yet there has been little work evaluating these emission numbers. </span></p><p><span>We systematically compare mobility datasets from TomTom and Apple to traffic data from local governments in seven diverse urban and rural regions to characterize the magnitude of errors in emissions that result from using those mobility datasets as a proxy for traffic. We observe differences in excess of 60% between these mobility datasets and local traffic data, which result in large errors in emission estimates. These differences are in part driven by the usage of different baselines and the neglect of seasonality, but mainly they are caused by the individual representations of the datasets. The relationship varies strongly depending on time and region and therefore no general functional relationship between mobility data and traffic flow over all regions can be determined. Future work should be cautious when using these mobility metrics for emission estimates. Further, we use the local government data to identify actual emission reductions from traffic in the range of 7-22% in 2020 compared to 2019 for our study regions. Our full analysis is summarized in Gensheimer et al. (2020).</span></p><p><span>Gensheimer, J., Turner, A., Shekhar, A., Wenzel, A., & Chen, J. (2020). What are different measures of mobility changes telling us about emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic? Earth and Space Science Open Archive, 11. Retrieved from doi: 10.1002/essoar.10504783.1</span></p>

Ordering

2015 ◽  
pp. 586-598
Author(s):  
Sahib Jan ◽  
Angela Schwering ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Malumbo Chipofya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Constraint Networks ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Map Alignment ◽  
Street Segments ◽  
Sketch Map

Sketch maps are externalizations of cognitive maps which are typically distorted, schematized, incomplete, and generalized. Processing spatial information from sketch maps automatically requires reliable formalizations which are not subject to schematization, distortion or other cognitive effects in sketch maps. Based on previous empirical work, the authors identified different sketch aspects such as ordering, topology and orientation to align and integrate spatial information from sketch maps with metric maps qualitatively. This research addresses the question how these qualitative sketch aspects can be formalized for a computational approach for sketch map alignment. In this study, the authors focus on the ordering aspect: ordering of landmarks and street segments along routes and around junctions. The authors first investigate different qualitative representations and propose suitable representations to formalize these aspects. The proposed representations capture qualitative relations between spatial objects in the form of qualitative constraint networks. The authors then evaluate the proposed representations by testing the accuracy of qualitative constraints between sketched objects and their corresponding objects in a metric map. The results of the evaluation show that the proposed representations are suitable for the alignment of spatial objects from sketch maps with metric maps.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KERJASAMA PEMERINTAHAN REGIONAL DIY DAN KYOTO: SEKARANG DAN MASA MENDATANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Habib Alfarisi
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Diplomatic Relationship ◽  
Special Region

Paradiplomacy is a diplomatic relationship carried out by non-state actors. Paradiplomacy is one part of international relations in the modern era, and that international relations in the present era is not state-centric or centered only on the state, but also on non-state actors such as individuals or even local governments. The cooperation between Kyoto Prefecture and the government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is one form of paradiplomacy, which is called the Sister City. Sister Province itself is a collaboration either engaged in politics or economics or both carried out between two regional governments that have the same problems and views and the cooperation carried out is aimed at solving problems that exist between the two cities. The cooperation between the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Kyoto is one of the Sister Province collaborations which is said to be quite productive and produces many things that benefit both parties. In this paper, the author will try to explain the cooperation carried out by the two parties in detail and explain the past and future that can be done by both parties involved in the cooperation. The author uses data from 2015-2020. The author assumes that the Sister City cooperation between DIY and Kyoto produces many productive things. The author uses a descriptive-analytic method. Keywords : Sister Province, Yogyakarta, Kyoto, Paradiplomacy, Transnational

scholarly journals GOOD CORAL GOVERNANCE (INOVASI PENGELOLAAN TERUMBU KARANG) KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Radu ◽  
Andi Luhur Prianto ◽  
Muchlas M Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Coral Reef Management ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
State And Local ◽  
And Control

 The purpose of this study aims to determine the innovation management of coral reefs in the perspective of governance and to determine the factors supporting and inhibiting innovation coral reef management by local governments. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed the involvement of stakeholders in transplanting corals and supervision in the field of conservation of marine protected areas, there is a match between local knowledge and modern knowledge. Supervision and control is carried out by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Marine and Fisheries Agency well as the community watchdog group. Surveillance and monitoring operations have been allocated budgets of state and local budgets. Authority management refers to the laws, ministerial regulations , local regulations , village regulations and the values of local wisdom   Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui inovasi pengelolaan terumbu karang dalam persfektif tata kelola dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam inovasi pengelolaan terumbu karang yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah. Tipe penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keterlibatan para pemangku kepentingan dalam melakukan transplantasi karang dan pengawasan dibidang konservasi daerah perlindungan laut, terdapat kesesuaian antara pengetahuan lokal dan pengetahuan modern. Pengawasan dan pengendalian dilakukan oleh kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, dinas kelautan dan perikanan serta kelompok masyarakat pengawas. Operasi pengawasan dan pemantauan mendapat alokasi anggaran dari APBN dan APBD. Otoritas pengelolaan mengacu kepada undang-undang, peraturan menteri, peraturan daerah, peraturan desa serta nilai-nilai kearifan lokal.

An Empirical Study on Pertinent Aspects of Sketch Maps for Navigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Thinking ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Sketch Map

Navigation systems which employ sequence-based directions have been found not effective in facilitating the spatial ability for humans to be aware of themselves in an environment. Traditional maps are found easily conveying the configuration of spatial objects but having difficulty to facilitate the correspondence to spatial objects in the real world. Sketch maps as schematic map-like representations have been suggested being a possible way of achieving goals of facilitating both navigation and spatial awareness. Moreover, sketch maps as externalizations of cognitive maps have been proved as reliable representations for human spatial thinking. In this study, the authors investigate the characteristics of directions given in two different forms: sketch maps and verbal descriptions (turn-by-turn instructions). The investigation addresses three aspects of spatial relations which are orientation, street topology and sequential order and their representations using existing qualitative reasoning calculi. The results of this study demonstrate sketch maps as a better direction-giving method and provide insights of applying sketch-map-like components for navigation.

scholarly journals Integrating resident digital sketch maps with expert knowledge to assess spatial knowledge of flood risk: A case study of participatory mapping in Newport Beach, California

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Cheung ◽  
Douglas Houston ◽  
Jochen E. Schubert ◽  
Victoria Basolo ◽  
David Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Participatory Mapping ◽  
Sketch Maps

scholarly journals Hong Kong and Shanghai: a tale of two cities in China

Tempo Social ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
International Finance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
To Come ◽  
Synthesis Approach

This research discusses Hong Kong’s long-run role as a preeminent international finance centre in the greater China with a view of Shanghai’s rapid growth. Using a synthesis approach of politics and economics, rather than pure economic analysis and forecasting, it is argued Shanghai is not likely to overtake/replace Hong Kong as an international finance hub in the region. Hong Kong will still keep its position in many years to come even if Shanghai has made enormous efforts to rebuild its financial industry. Due to their diverging industry structure, sheer size of the country, and most importantly different positioning by the central and local governments, the two cities are not necessarily rivals, but can actually be complementary partners, serving two non-overlapping hinterlands. This research also asserts that Hong Kong’s integration with the mainland economy is essential for its increasing competitiveness, while putting emphasis on policy reform for Hong Kong to maintain a strategic advantage over Shanghai.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Road Alignment Model for Spatial-Query-by-Sketch

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7685
Author(s):  
Ming Tang ◽  
Zoe Falomir ◽  
Yehua Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Spatial Query ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Road Maps ◽  
Alignment Model ◽  
Sketch Map

A sketch map represents an individual’s perception of a specific location. However, the information in sketch maps is often distorted and incomplete. Nevertheless, the main roads of a given location often exhibit considerable similarities between the sketch maps and metric maps. In this work, a shape-based approach was outlined to align roads in the sketch maps and metric maps. Specifically, the shapes of main roads were compared and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in three levels pertaining to an individual road, composite road, and road scene. An experiment was performed in which for eight out of nine maps sketched by our participants, accurate road maps could be obtained automatically taking as input the sketch and the metric map. The experimental results indicate that accurate matches can be obtained when the proposed road alignment approach Shape-based Spatial-Query-by-Sketch (SSQbS) is applied to incomplete or distorted roads present in sketch maps and even to roads with an inconsistent spatial relationship with the roads in the metric maps. Moreover, highly similar matches can be obtained for sketches involving fewer roads.

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