scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Lorena Ciumărnean ◽  
Mircea Vasile Milaciu ◽  
Vasile Negrean ◽  
Olga Hilda Orășan ◽  
Stefan Cristian Vesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Close Relationship

Cardiovascular diseases create an important burden on the public health systems, especially in the elderly, mostly because this group of patients frequently suffer from multiple comorbidities. Accumulating cardiovascular risk factors during their lifetime has a detrimental effect on an older adult‘s health status. The modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are very diverse, and are frequently in a close relationship with the metabolic comorbidities of the elderly, mainly obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. In this review, we aim to present the most important cardiovascular risk factors which link aging and cardiovascular diseases, starting from the pathophysiological links between these factors and the aging process. Next, we will further review the main interconnections between obesity and Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases of the elderly. Lastly, we consider the most important aspects related to prevention through lifestyle changes and physical activity on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.

scholarly journals Role of Gender and Physical Activity Level on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Antoine Raberin ◽  
Philippe Connes ◽  
Jean-Claude Barthélémy ◽  
Pia Robert ◽  
Sébastien Celle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽  
The Impact

Background. Cardiovascular diseases remain as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Ageing and gender strongly modulate the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases but very few studies have investigated the impact of gender on cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, which represents a growing population. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of gender and physical activity level on several biochemical and clinical markers of cardiovascular risk in elderly individuals. Methods. Elderly individuals (318 women (75.8±1.2 years-old) and 227 men (75.8±1.1 years-old)) were recruited. Physical activity was measured by a questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel’s definition. Polysomnography and digital tonometry were used to detect obstructive sleep apnea and assess vascular reactivity, respectively. Blood was sampled to measure several oxidative stress markers and adhesion molecules. Results. The frequency of cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher in men (16.4%) than in women (6.1%) (p<0.001). Body mass index (25.0±4.3 vs. 25.8±3.13 kg.m−2) and glycaemia (94.9±16.5 vs. 101.5±22.6 mg.dL−1) were lower, and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (74.6±17.8 vs. 65.0±17.2 mg.dL−1) was higher in women compared to men (p<0.05). Oxidative stress was lower in women than in men (uric acid: 52.05±13.78 vs. 59.84±13.58, advanced oxidation protein products: 223±94 vs. 246±101 μmol.L−1, malondialdehyde: 22.44±6.81 vs. 23.88±9.74 nmol.L−1). Physical activity was not associated with lower cardiovascular risk factors in both genders. Multivariate analyses showed an independent effect of gender on acid uric (β=0.182; p=0.020), advanced oxidation protein products (β=0.257; p<0.001), and HDL concentration (β=−0.182; p=0.026). Conclusion. These findings suggest that biochemical cardiovascular risk factors are lower in women than men which could explain the lower cardiovascular disease proportion observed in women in the elderly.

scholarly journals Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Yazd inner-city municipalities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mirzaei ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Ali Reza Sarsangi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Yazd City

Abstract Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. With effective intervention and control of cardiovascular risk factors, mortality rates may be reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors across five municipalities in Yazd city. Methods:10,000 residents of the Yazd greater area aged 20-69 years were selected using cluster random sampling method. Overall, 200 clusters were randomly selected based on the postcodes of residents who lived in the five municipalities of Yazd. Those who lived in Yazd annexed cities and rural areas were excluded. A valid questionnaire was completed and physical examination was done (94.9% response rate). Instances of self-reported diabetes mellitus, high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking, and unhealthy diet were recorded. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and physical activity was classified by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in variables across municipalities by SPSS V. 16. Results:We analyzed 8749 participants’ data from Yazd city. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in Yazd were 14.1, 16.7 and 18.6%, respectively. One in every four people consumed the recommended five servings of vegetables per day. Fish consumption was less than 5% at least once a week. An unhealthy diet (85.7%); inactivity (52.2%), hypertension (36.7%) and obesity (26.3%) were the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Only 2.1% of adults had no risk factors for CVD, and almost 75% of people had more than one risk factor. The prevalence of risk factors (excluding hypertension) - was significantly different across the municipalities. Residents of region three had the highest prevalence of all risk factors aside from inactivity and unhealthy diet. Conclusion: Unhealthy dietary habits and inactivity are the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD in Yazd city. Spatial variations of cardiovascular risk factors observed. This geographic health inequality requires more attention from policymakers to control CVD risk factors across different municipalities accordingly. Promoting healthy lifestyle is the top priority of health intervention program. It is recommended to increase the appropriate sports space and restrict access to tobacconist in high-risk areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Yazd inner-city municipalities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mirzaei ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Ali Reza Sarsangi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Yazd City

Abstract Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. With effective intervention and control of cardiovascular risk factors, mortality rates may be reduced.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors across five municipalities in Yazd city. Methods:10,000 residents of the Yazd greater area aged 20-69 years were selected using cluster random sampling method.Overall, 200 clusters were randomly selected based on the postcodes of residents who lived in the five municipalities of Yazd.Those who lived in Yazd annexed cities and rural areas were excluded. A valid questionnaire was completed and physical examination performed as done (94.9% response rate). Instances of self-reported diabetes mellitus, high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking, and unhealthy diet were recorded. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and physical activity was classified by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in variables across municipalities. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V. 16. Results:We analyzed 8749 participants’ data from Yazd city. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were 14.1, 16.7 and 18.6%, respectively. One in every four people consumed the recommended five servings of vegetables per day. Fish consumption was less than 5% at least once a week among participants. An unhealthy diet (85.7%); low physical activity (52.2%), hypertension (36.7%) and obesity (26.3%) were the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Only 2.1% of adults had no risk factors for CVD, and almost 75% of people had more than one risk factor. The prevalence of risk factors (excluding hypertension) was significantly different across the municipalities. Residents of region three had the highest prevalence of all risk factors aside from inactivity and unhealthy diet. Conclusion:unhealthy dietary habits and inactivity are the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD in Yazd.Spatial variations of cardiovascular risk factors observed. This geographic health inequality requires more attention from policymakers to control CVD risk factors across different municipalities accordingly. Promoting healthy lifestyle is the top priority of health intervention programs. It is recommended to increase access to sport arenas and restrict access to tobacconist in high-risk areas.

scholarly journals Skin tags associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Funda Sari ◽  
Ayca Inci ◽  
Suleyman Dolu ◽  
Ramazan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Skin Tags

Introduction/Objective. Both chronic kidney disease and skin tags are associated with similar cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin tags in patients with chronic kidney disease, and to assess the relationship between skin tags and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Methods. We evaluated 358 patients [149 (41.6%) female and 209 (58.1%) male, 197 (55%) predialytic and 161 (45%) dialytic] with chronic kidney disease. All the patients were examined for skin tags by the same clinician, and evaluated for body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Results. Skin tags were detected in 199 (55%) patients. Prevalence of skin tags was higher in males than in females (p = 0.041) and was also higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic ones (p = 0.013). Body mass index was higher in patients with skin tags when compared to patients without skin tags (p = 0.047). Skin tags were detected in 48.3% of normal, in 58% of overweight, and in 66% of obese patients (p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of skin tags is merely related to male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals The frequency of the main factors of cardiovascular risk and the presence of comorbidity in patients with chronic ischemic disease is the heart of the elderly and senile age

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Zharinova ◽  
G. P. Voynarovskaya ◽  
I. S. Shapovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Artery Disease

The purpose of the work is to study the frequency of the main factors of cardiovascular risk (CWR) and the presence of comorbidity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly and senile age. Materials and methods. A retrospective assessment of the case histories of 454 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent inpatient treatment at the cardiology department of the State Institution «Dmitry F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» for the period from 1997-2017. All the examined patients were hospitalized for the first time and later were observed with the main diagnosis of IHD: stable angina of I–IV FC. The diagnosis of the underlying disease was established on the basis of general clinical examinations and special instrumental and laboratory methods in accordance with current recommendations for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease at the stage of examination of patients. Monitoring patients lasted from 5–20 years. Cardiovascular death was taken as the end point. Results. According to the data obtained in the elderly, the most common cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) are: arterial hypertension (AH), hypercholesterolemia (HChol), obesity, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are largely associated with the possibility of drug correction. In 70.2 % of IHD patients over 60 years old, a simultaneous combination of three or more CVR factors was detected. Conclusions. 1. The most common cardiovascular risk factors in IHD patients over 60 years old were hypertension (66.9 %), HChol (60.7 %), Obesity (23.9 %), and diabetes (14.3 %) are largely associated with the possibility of medical correction. 2. In the elderly, there is comparable data with the control group for the prevalence of the main factors of CVR. In older patients, the prevalence of smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia was significantly lower than in the comparison groups. 3. In 70.2 % of IHD patients over 60 years old, a simultaneous combination of three or more RFs was revealed, which indicates the need for an active integrated approach to their correction at a younger age

Smartphone app-guided secondary prevention in patients with coronary heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Eckardt ◽  
C Buschhaus ◽  
G Nickenig ◽  
F Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Daily Routine

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Background  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Lifestyle change is a crucial part of secondary prevention. Only 30% of CAD patients follow the corresponding guideline recommendations. The widespread adoption of smartphones offers the opportunity to integrate secondary prevention into the daily routine of CAD patients. Purpose  The purpose of this study was to show that smartphone-guided secondary prevention (SGSP) could achieve lifestyle changes and a gain of disease specific knowledge among CAD patients.  Methods  We developed an app to integrate secondary prevention into CAD patients’ everyday life. The app provided a daily 15-minute program that included video-guided exercises, video sessions with background information about CAD, and a tool to record blood pressure and heart rate once a day. The SGSP app was tested with the primary outcome of 28-day adherence. The secondary outcome was a composite of self-reported behavioural changes, gain of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors and an increase in quality of life. Results  Of the 66 patients screened, 43 (65%) were included into the study and, of those, 17 (40%) used the app continuously for 28 days. From this group, 14 (82%) were physically more active and ten (59%) improved their dietary habits. Usage of the SGSP app was also associated with a gain of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors (70% physical activity, 59% healthy diet). Conclusion  The regular use of a SGSP app appears to support lifestyle changes in patients with CAD. Primary and secondary endpoints Results Overall(n = 17) P-Value Adherence (28 days) 17 (39.5) 0.34 Behavioural change Significantly increased physical activity no. (%) 14 (82.4) 0.08 Implemented a healthier diet no. (%) 10 (58.8) 0.64 Relevant gain of knowledge about CVRF Physical activity no. (%) 12 (70.6) 0.13 Unhealthy diet no. (%) 10 (58.8) 1.00 Smoking no. (%) 1 (5.9) 0.47 Stress no. (%) 7 (41.2) 0.13 Potential for long-term use Willingness to use the App over a long time period (&gt;28 days), no. (%) 15 (88.2) 1.00 Abstract Figure.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors in workers at Health Centre in Beocin

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Petrovic ◽  
Zlata Jasarevic-Komljenovic ◽  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Edita Stokic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre

Most cardiovascular diseases are caused by atherosclerosis, which is a result of interactions between risk factors such as gender, age, blood lipid concentrations, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, adiposity, physical activity and cigarette smoking. Identification of risk factors is the first step in cardiovascular disease prevention. As health workers contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity, the aim of our study was to analyze prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to assess the level of mentioned risk in health workers employed in Health Centre Beocin. The study group consisted of 50 health workers. Obesity was evaluated according to BMI and body fat (BF%) values, while central obesity was defined using waist circumference. Serum lipid concentrations and glycaemia were used in metabolic profile definition. The level of physical activity was assessed using IPAQ, and information about smoking status and family history of cardiovascular diseases was obtained from self-report. Framingham point-scoring system was used to predict the risk for development of coronary heart disease in the 10-year period. Overweight was found in 36%, and obesity in 18% subjects. 42% of examined subjects had higher fat mass, while 24% of them had obesity. Central fat accumulation was observed in 50% subjects. We registered 56% smokers, 70% subjects with positive family history, 28% subjects with hypertension, and 56% subjects with dyslipidemia. According to IPAQ results 20% of exanimate subjects were minimally active and 70% were insufficiently active. Estimated risk of coronary heart disease was 7.38%, and 10% subjects had risk over 20%. In spite of lower cardiovascular risk level, our results showed high prevalence of overweight, smoking and physical inactivity in health workers, which suggests the importance of their own lifestyle modification. It should be the first step in increasing motivation of their patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cardiovascular risk factors among the residents of urban community of Kathmandu municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Bogati ◽  
Reeju Manandhar ◽  
Deewakar Sharma ◽  
Sajan G. Baidhya ◽  
Dipanker Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background and Aims: The prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is globally increasing leading to the increase in mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among the residents of urban community of Kathmandu municipality.Methods: By using simple random sampling method, we selected 130 participants aged 18 years or above, from the voters list of ward no.22 of Kathmandu. Male participants aged less than 45 and female participants aged less than 55 were grouped as young age group which included total of 80 (61.5%) participants and rest were grouped as old age group. All the participants gave the informed consent. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.6 years with 53.8% male. Insufficient physical activity (68.5%), high waist circumference (67.7%) were the two most prevalent risk factors followed by obesity (59.2%), hypertension (37.7%), tobacco consumption (37.5%), dyslipidemia (22.3%) and diabetes (16.9%) in overall population. Tobacco consumption were more prevalent in male participants of both younger and older age groups whereas high waist circumference was prevalent in female participants of both age group.Conclusion: Our study showed high prevalence of insufficient physical activity, high waist circumference, obesity, hypertension and tobacco use among urban population of Kathmandu, suggesting possibility of higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in future, pointing towards the need of aggressive preventive strategy to prevent epidemic of cardiovascular disease.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; 14(1): 3-7

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Its Management

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
QT Islam ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
ASM Shawkat Ali ◽  
M Ayub Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Major Risk Factor

Major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking and obesity. In this review article, we have tried to discuss the updated management of each major risk factor.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3096 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 71-78

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