scholarly journals Environmental and Occupational Short-Term Exposure to AirBorne Particles and FEV1 and FVC in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10571
Author(s):  
Alan da Silveira da Silveira Fleck ◽  
Margaux L. Sadoine ◽  
Stéphane Buteau ◽  
Eva Suarthana ◽  
Maximilien Debia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: No study has compared the respiratory effects of environmental and occupational particulate exposure in healthy adults. Methods: We estimated, by a systematic review and meta-analysis, the associations between short term exposures to fine particles (PM2.5 and PM4) and certain parameters of lung function (FEV1 and FVC) in healthy adults. Results: In total, 33 and 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses, respectively. In environmental studies, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 7.63 mL (95% CI: −10.62 to −4.63 mL). In occupational studies, an increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM4 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 0.87 mL (95% CI: −1.36 to −0.37 mL). Similar results were observed with FVC. Conclusions: Both occupational and environmental short-term exposures to fine particles are associated with reductions in FEV1 and FVC in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Short term exposure to air pollution and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. h1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop S V Shah ◽  
Kuan Ken Lee ◽  
David A McAllister ◽  
Amanda Hunter ◽  
Harish Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Harms of Antipsychotics in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pillay ◽  
Khrista Boylan ◽  
Amanda Newton ◽  
Lisa Hartling ◽  
Ben Vandermeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: To update and extend our previous systematic review on first- (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for treatment of psychiatric and behavioral conditions in children, adolescents, and young adults (aged ≤24 years). This article focuses on the evidence for harms. Method: We searched (to April 2016) 8 databases, gray literature, trial registries, Food and Drug Administration reports, and reference lists. Two reviewers conducted study screening and selection independently, with consensus for selection. One reviewer extracted and another verified all data; 2 reviewers independently assessed risk of bias. We conducted meta-analyses when appropriate and network meta-analysis across conditions for changes in body composition. Two reviewers reached consensus for ratings on the strength of evidence for prespecified outcomes. Results: A total of 135 studies (95 trials and 40 observational) were included, and 126 reported on harms. FGAs caused slightly less weight gain and more extrapyramidal symptoms than SGAs. SGAs as a class caused adverse effects, including weight gain, high triglyceride levels, extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, and somnolence. They appeared to increase the risk for high cholesterol levels and type 2 diabetes. Many outcomes for individual drug comparisons were of low or insufficient strength of evidence. Olanzapine caused more short-term gains in weight and body mass index than several other SGAs. The dose of SGAs may not make a difference over the short term for some outcomes. Conclusions: Clinicians need to weigh carefully the benefit-to-harm ratio when using antipsychotics, especially when treatment alternatives exist. More evidence is needed on the comparative harms between antipsychotics over the longer term.

scholarly journals The effect of short-term exposure to the natural environment on depressive mood: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 108606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Roberts ◽  
Caspar van Lissa ◽  
Paulien Hagedoorn ◽  
Ian Kellar ◽  
Marco Helbich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Short-term exposure to carbon monoxide and myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 105901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Ken Lee ◽  
Nicholas Spath ◽  
Mark R. Miller ◽  
Nicholas L. Mills ◽  
Anoop S.V. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Bone Density and Clinical Periodontal Attachment in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Penoni ◽  
T.K.S. Fidalgo ◽  
S.R. Torres ◽  
V.M. Varela ◽  
D. Masterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Periodontal Attachment

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and has been considered a risk factor for periodontal disease. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to verify the scientific evidence for the association of periodontal attachment loss with low BMD in postmenopausal women. A systematic search of the literature was performed in databases until August 2016, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligibility criteria included studies that compared clinical attachment loss (CAL) between postmenopausal women with low and normal BMD. Studies using similar methodology, with lower and higher risk of bias, were pooled into 3 different meta-analyses to compare CAL among women with normal BMD, osteoporosis, and osteopenia. In the first meta-analysis, mean CAL was compared among groups. In the other 2 meta-analyses, the mean percentages of sites with CAL ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm were respectively compared among groups. From 792 unique citations, 26 articles were selected for the qualitative synthesis. Eleven of the studies were appraised as presenting low risk of bias, and the association between low BMD and CAL was observed in 10 of these studies. Thirteen cross-sectional articles were included in the meta-analysis for osteoporosis and 9 in the osteopenia analysis. Women with low BMD presented greater mean CAL than those with normal BMD (osteoporosis = 0.34 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20–0.49], P < 0.001; osteopenia = 0.07 mm [95% CI, 0.01–0.13], P = 0.02). Only studies with lower risk of bias were available for the analysis of CAL severity. Women with low BMD presented more severe attachment loss, represented as mean percentage of sites with CAL ≥4 mm (osteoporosis = 3.04 [95% CI, 1.23–4.85], P = 0.001; osteopenia = 1.74 [95% CI, 0.36–3.12], P = 0.01) and CAL ≥6 mm (osteoporosis = 5.07 [95% CI, 2.74–7.40], P < 0.001). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia may exhibit greater CAL compared with women with normal BMD.

scholarly journals Impact of short-term exposure to extreme temperatures on diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuping Song ◽  
Liangzhen Jiang ◽  
Dongdong Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract The relationship between diabetes mellitus and short-term exposure to extreme temperatures remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the association between extreme temperatures and diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched since inception to January 1, 2019, and updated on November 17, 2020. The results were combined using random effects model and reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). 32 studies met the included criteria. (1) Both heat and cold exposures have impact on diabetes. (2) For heat exposure, the subgroup analysis revealed that the effect on diabetes mortality (RR = 1.139, 95% CI: 1.089–1.192) was higher than morbidity (RR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.019). (3) With the increase of definition threshold, the impact of heat exposure on diabetes rised. (4) A stronger association between heat exposure and diabetes was observed in the elderly (≥ 60 years old) (RR = 1.040, 95% CI: 1.017–1.064). In conclusion, both short-term exposure to heat and cold temperatures have impact on diabetes. The elderly is the vulnerable population of diabetes exposure to heat temperature. Developing definitions of heatwaves at the regional level are suggested.

scholarly journals Acute effect of ambient fine particulate matter on heart rate variability: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Niu ◽  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Baojing Li ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Hongmei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Panel Studies ◽  
Frequency Power

Abstract Background Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). Previous studies have suggested that exposure to PM2.5 may lead to decreased HRV levels, but the results remain inconsistent. Methods An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM2.5 on HRV. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) to identify panel studies reporting the associations between exposure to PM2.5 and the four indicators of HRV (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency power (HF), and low frequency power (LF)). Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect estimates. Results A total of 33 panel studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 16 studies conducted in North America, 12 studies in Asia, and 5 studies in Europe. The pooled results showed a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure which was significantly associated with a − 0.92% change in SDNN (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) − 1.26%, − 0.59%), − 1.47% change in rMSSD (95%CI − 2.17%, − 0.77%), − 2.17% change in HF (95%CI − 3.24%, − 1.10%), and − 1.52% change in LF (95%CI − 2.50%, − 0.54%), respectively. Overall, subgroup analysis suggested that short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower HRV levels in Asians, healthy population, and those aged ≥ 40 years. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with decreased HRV levels. Future studies are warranted to clarity the exact mechanism of exposure to PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system through disturbance of autonomic nervous function.

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