scholarly journals COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthcare Students’ Perceptions of Life during the Pandemic in the United States and Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9217
Author(s):  
Laura A. Geer ◽  
Rachel Radigan ◽  
Guilherme de Lima Bruneli ◽  
Lucas Sampaio Leite ◽  
Rosalie Barreto Belian
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
And Behaviors

Societal influences, such as beliefs and behaviors, and their increasing complexity add to the challenges of interactivity promoted by globalization. This study was developed during a virtual global educational exchange experience and designed for research and educational purposes to assess personal social and cultural risk factors for students’ COVID-19 personal prevention behavior and perceptions about life during the pandemic, and to inform future educational efforts in intercultural learning for healthcare students. We designed and implemented a cross-sectional anonymous online survey intended to assess social and cultural risk factors for COVID-19 personal prevention behavior and students’ perceptions about life during the pandemic in public health and healthcare students in two public universities (United States n = 53; Brazil n = 55). Statistically significant differences existed between the United States and Brazil students in degree type, employment, risk behavior, personal prevention procedures, sanitization perceptions, and views of governmental policies. Cultural and social differences, risk messaging, and lifestyle factors may contribute to disparities in perceptions and behaviors of students around the novel infectious disease, with implications for future global infectious disease control.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Behaviors Toward COVID-19 Among US Residents During the Early Days of the Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire

10.2196/19161 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e19161 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Clements
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
And Behaviors

Background The early days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States brought uncertainty in the knowledge about COVID-19 and what to do about it. It is necessary to understand public knowledge and behaviors if we are to effectively address the pandemic. Objective The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that knowledge about COVID-19 influences participation in different behaviors including self-reports of purchasing more goods than usual, attending large gatherings, and using medical masks. Methods This study was funded and approved by the Institutional Review Board on March 17, 2020. The cross-sectional online survey of 1034 US residents aged 18 years or older was conducted on March 17, 2020. Results For every point increase in knowledge, the odds of participation in purchasing more goods (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.95), attending large gatherings (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.93), and using medical masks (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.50-0.62) decreased by 12%, 13%, and 44%, respectively. Gen X and millennial participants had 56% and 76% higher odds, respectively, of increased purchasing behavior compared to baby boomers. The results suggest that there is a politicization of response recommendations. Democrats had 30% lower odds of attending large gatherings (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.97) and 48% lower odds of using medical masks (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34-0.78) compared to Republicans. Conclusions This survey is one of the first attempts to study determinants of knowledge and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A national, coordinated effort toward a pandemic response may ensure better compliance with behavioral recommendations to address this public health emergency.

scholarly journals Serologic investigation of exposure to influenza A virus H3N2 infection in dogs and cats in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Gutman ◽  
Lynn F. Guptill ◽  
George E. Moore ◽  
Roman M. Pogranichniy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Canine Influenza

We investigated, in a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of antibodies against canine influenza A virus (CIV) H3N2 in serum samples collected from dogs and cats using a commercial ELISA and a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples were obtained from 519 cats and dogs from 13 states within the United States. Data were analyzed for potential risk factors with positive sera (vs. negative sera) by logistic regression. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by exponentiation of the regression coefficients. Ten dogs (2.21%; 95% CI: 1.05–3.98%) and 6 cats (8.96%; 95% CI: 3.36–18.48%) tested seropositive for CIV H3N2 by HI. One feline sample (1.49%; 95% CI: 0.04–8.04%) and 16 canine samples (3.53%; 95% CI: 2.01–5.61%) tested seropositive by ELISA for influenza A virus. There were no apparent associations between seropositivity and putative risk factors. All positive animals were from Indiana or Illinois; however, CIV H3N2 seroprevalence was not common in Illinois and Indiana.

scholarly journals Acceptability of HIV Screening in a Sample of International Students in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Oluwasola Stephen Ayosanmi ◽  
Lorette Oden ◽  
Titilope Ayosanmi ◽  
Babatunde Y. Alli ◽  
Mei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Students ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and Objectives: HIV transmission from persons unaware of their HIV status occurs more commonly than those who are aware of their status. Knowledge of one’s HIV status may encourage preventive behaviors. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many international students may be willing to accept HIV screening, but empirical evidence to support this claim is lacking. We sought to determine the willingness of international students in the United States (US) to accept HIV screening, if offered. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey of international students at Western Illinois University, USA. The independent variable was the sociodemographic data of our participants; the dependent variable was the acceptance of HIV screening. The covariates were knowledge about HIV and the factors associated with the acceptance of the screening. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were conducted. Results: A total of 185 respondents out of 491 students participated in the online survey. Of these, 107 (57.8%) were males, and 78 (42.8%) were females. Most of the respondents were from Asian countries (64.9%) and African countries (24.9%). The prevalence of acceptance of HIV screening was 74%. Among participants willing to accept screening, if offered, 90% perceived screening would be beneficial to their health. Meanwhile, 83% of those who would refuse the screening were not sexually active. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Many international students may be interested in getting HIV screening if offered. Awareness of the benefits of HIV screening may influence the decision to screen. Findings may inform further studies that will lead to policy formulations for the health of international students in the US. Key words: • HIV Screening • HIV Acceptability • International Students • College Students   Copyright © 2020 Ayosanmi et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unre-stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Behaviors Toward COVID-19 Among US Residents During the Early Days of the Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Clements
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
And Behaviors

BACKGROUND The early days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States brought uncertainty in the knowledge about COVID-19 and what to do about it. It is necessary to understand public knowledge and behaviors if we are to effectively address the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that knowledge about COVID-19 influences participation in different behaviors including self-reports of purchasing more goods than usual, attending large gatherings, and using medical masks. METHODS This study was funded and approved by the Institutional Review Board on March 17, 2020. The cross-sectional online survey of 1034 US residents aged 18 years or older was conducted on March 17, 2020. RESULTS For every point increase in knowledge, the odds of participation in purchasing more goods (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.95), attending large gatherings (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.93), and using medical masks (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.50-0.62) decreased by 12%, 13%, and 44%, respectively. Gen X and millennial participants had 56% and 76% higher odds, respectively, of increased purchasing behavior compared to baby boomers. The results suggest that there is a politicization of response recommendations. Democrats had 30% lower odds of attending large gatherings (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.97) and 48% lower odds of using medical masks (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34-0.78) compared to Republicans. CONCLUSIONS This survey is one of the first attempts to study determinants of knowledge and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A national, coordinated effort toward a pandemic response may ensure better compliance with behavioral recommendations to address this public health emergency.

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