scholarly journals Home Smoking Bans and Urinary NNAL Levels to Measure Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Chinese American Household Pairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7682
Author(s):  
Emiley Chang ◽  
Melanie Dove ◽  
Anne Saw ◽  
Janice Y. Tsoh ◽  
Lei-Chun Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Home Smoking Ban ◽  
American Household

Home smoking bans can reduce tobacco smoke exposure, but little is known about the impact for Chinese American household pairs. In this study of 202 household pairs with low acculturation, 53.9% reported a home smoking ban, 31.7% had inconsistent reports, and 14.4% reported no ban. With decreasing home smoking ban enforcement, more nonsmokers had tobacco smoke exposure (66.1%–86.2%) as measured by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine biomarker urine NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol). Despite reported bans, about one-quarter of nonsmokers still reported tobacco smoke exposure at home (23.6%–30%) within the past 2 months and three-quarters reported outdoor exposure. In adjusted regression analyses of geometric mean NNAL ratios, nonsmokers in households with no ban had over two times higher levels than nonsmokers in households with a ban: adjusted log NNAL ratio = 2.70 (95% CI 1.21, 6.03). Higher smoker NNAL level and nonsmoker English fluency were also significantly associated with nonsmoker NNAL levels. Nonsmoker levels in households with an inconsistent ban were not significantly different compared to those with a ban. Although home smoking bans were generally associated with lower NNAL levels, tobacco smoke exposure in this immigrant population with low English proficiency was higher than that of the general population. From a health equity standpoint, there is a need for broader implementation and enforcement of comprehensive smoke-free policies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11803
Author(s):  
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens ◽  
Georg E. Matt ◽  
Lili Ding ◽  
Ashley L. Merianos
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Objectives: Cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-oxides are biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) used to assess short- and longer-term TSE. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between these TSE biomarkers, sociodemographics, parental smoking, and child TSE patterns among 0–17-year-olds. Methods: A convenience sample of 179 pediatric patients (mean (SD) age = 7.9 (4.3) years) who lived with ≥1 smoker and who had parental assessments completed and urine samples analyzed for the three TSE biomarkers of interest were included. Biomarker levels were log-transformed, univariate regression models were built and Pearson correlations were assessed. Results: In total, 100% of children had detectable levels of cotinine and >96% had detectable NNAL and N-oxide levels. The geometric means of cotinine, NNAL, and N-oxide levels were 10.1 ng/mL, 25.3 pg/mL, and 22.9 pg/mL, respectively. The mean (SD) number of daily cigarettes smoked by parents was 10.6 (6.0) cigarettes. Child age negatively correlated with urinary cotinine (r = −0.202, p = 0.007) and log NNAL levels (r = −0.275, p < 0.001). The highest log-cotinine levels were in children who were younger, of African American race, and whose parents had a lower education, an annual income ≤USD15,000, and no smoking bans. The highest log-NNAL and N-oxide levels were in children whose parents had a lower education, had no smoking bans, and were around higher numbers of cigarettes. Conclusion: Children of smokers who were younger, African American, and had no smoking bans had the highest TSE biomarker levels. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce TSE levels among high-risk children.

Does the workplace-smoking ban eliminate differences in risk for environmental tobacco smoke exposure at work?

Health Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M.I. Verdonk-Kleinjan ◽  
Ronald A. Knibbe ◽  
Frans E.S. Tan ◽  
Marc C. Willemsen ◽  
Henk N. de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Workplace Smoking

scholarly journals Direct health costs of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and indirect health benefits due to smoking ban introduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri D. Hauri ◽  
Christoph M. Lieb ◽  
Sarah Rajkumar ◽  
Cornelis Kooijman ◽  
Heini L. Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Health Costs

scholarly journals Estimating the equity impacts of the smoking ban in England on cotinine levels: a regression discontinuity design

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e049547
Author(s):  
Matthew Robson ◽  
Joseph Lord ◽  
Tim Doran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Salivary Cotinine

ObjectiveTo estimate the equity impacts of the 2007 smoking ban in England, for both smokers and non-smokers.DesignDoubly robust regression discontinuity analysis of salivary cotinine levels. Conditional average treatment effects were used to estimate differential impacts of the ban by socioeconomic deprivation (based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation). Distributional impacts were further assessed using conditional quantile treatment effects and inequality treatment effects.SettingIn 2007, England introduced a ban on smoking in public places. This had little impact on tobacco consumption by smokers but was associated with decreases in environmental tobacco smoke exposure for non-smokers. However, the impact of the ban on socioeconomic inequalities in exposure is unclear.Participants766 smokers and 2952 non-smokers responding to the Health Survey for England in 2007.Outcome measureLevels of salivary cotinine.ResultsBefore the ban, socioeconomic deprivation was associated with higher cotinine levels for non-smokers but not for smokers. The ban caused a significant reduction in average cotinine levels for non-smokers (p=0.043) but had no effect for smokers (p=0.817). Reductions for non-smokers were greater for more deprived groups with higher levels of exposure, and there was a significant reduction in socioeconomic-related inequality in cotinine. Across the whole population (both smokers and non-smokers), there was no significant increase in the concentration of cotinine levels among the socioeconomically deprived.ConclusionThe 2007 ban on smoking in public places had little impact on smokers, but was, as intended, associated with reductions in both (1) average levels of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and (2) deprivation-related inequality in exposure among non-smokers.

scholarly journals Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Nonsmoking Hospitality Workers before and after a State Smoking Ban

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni A. Jensen ◽  
Barbara A. Schillo ◽  
Molly M. Moilanen ◽  
Bruce R. Lindgren ◽  
Sharon Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Hospitality Workers ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Tobacco smoke exposure in early life and adolescence in relation to lung function

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1702111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Thacher ◽  
Erica S. Schultz ◽  
Jenny Hallberg ◽  
Ulrika Hellberg ◽  
Inger Kull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with impaired lung function among young children, but less is known about long-term effects and the impact of adolescents' own smoking. We investigated the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure and adolescent smoking on lung function at age 16 years.The BAMSE (Barn/Child, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) birth cohort collected information on participants' tobacco smoke exposure through repeated questionnaires, and measured saliva cotinine concentrations at age 16 years. Participants performed spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS) at age 16 years (n=2295).Exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of −1.1% (95% CI −2.0 to −0.2%). IOS demonstrated greater resistance at 5–20 Hz (R5–20) in participants exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Adolescents who smoked had reduced FEV1/FVC ratios of −0.9% (95% CI −1.8 to −0.1%) and increased resistance of 6.5 Pa·L–1·s (95% CI 0.7 to 12.2 Pa·L–1·s) in R5–20. Comparable associations for FEV1/FVC ratio were observed for cotinine concentrations, using ≥12 ng·mL−1 as a cut-off for adolescent smoking.Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower FEV1/FVC ratios and increased airway resistance. In addition, adolescent smoking appears to be associated with reduced FEV1/FVC ratios and increased peripheral airway resistance.

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