scholarly journals Effectiveness of Intervention Strategies on MERS-CoV Transmission Dynamics in South Korea, 2015: Simulations on the Network Based on the Real-World Contact Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3530
Author(s):  
Yunhwan Kim ◽  
Hohyung Ryu ◽  
Sunmi Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Real World ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Contact Data

The MERS-CoV spread in South Korea in 2015 was not only the largest outbreak of MERS-CoV in the region other than the Middle East but also a historic epidemic in South Korea. Thus, investigation of the MERS-CoV transmission dynamics, especially by agent-based modeling, would be meaningful for devising intervention strategies for novel infectious diseases. In this study, an agent-based model on MERS-CoV transmission in South Korea in 2015 was built and analyzed. The prominent characteristic of this model was that it built the simulation environment based on the real-world contact tracing network, which can be characterized as being scale-free. In the simulations, we explored the effectiveness of three possible intervention scenarios; mass quarantine, isolation, and isolation combined with acquaintance quarantine. The differences in MERS-CoV transmission dynamics by the number of links of the index case agent were examined. The simulation results indicate that isolation combined with acquaintance quarantine is more effective than others, and they also suggest the key role of super-spreaders in MERS-CoV transmission.

scholarly journals Simulation Agent-Based Model to Demonstrate the Transmission of COVID-19 and Effectiveness of Different Public Health Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixing Wang ◽  
Hainan Xiong ◽  
Sijie Liu ◽  
Ara Jung ◽  
Trish Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Health Experts

COVID-19 has changed the world fundamentally since its outbreak in January 2020. Public health experts and administrations around the world suggested and implemented various intervention strategies to slow down the transmission of the virus. To illustrate to the general public how the virus is transmitted and how different intervention strategies can check the transmission, we built an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the transmission of the virus in the real world and demonstrate how to prevent its spread with public health strategies.

Can fake news really change behaviour? Evidence from a study of COVID-19 misinformation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Greene ◽  
Gillian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
The Real ◽  
News Stories

Previous research has argued that fake news may have grave consequences for health behaviour, but surprisingly, no empirical data have been provided to support this assumption. This issue takes on new urgency in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. In this large preregistered study (N = 3746) we investigated the effect of exposure to fabricated news stories about COVID-19 on related behavioural intentions. We observed small but measurable effects on some related behavioural intentions but not others – for example, participants who read a story about problems with a forthcoming contact-tracing app reported reduced willingness to download the app. We found no effects of providing a general warning about the dangers of online misinformation on response to the fake stories, regardless of the framing of the warning in positive or negative terms. We conclude with a call for more empirical research on the real-world consequences of fake news.

scholarly journals Exploring the effectiveness of a COVID-19 contact tracing app using an agent-based model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Almagor ◽  
Stefano Picascia
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
User Rate

AbstractA contact-tracing strategy has been deemed necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 following the relaxation of lockdown measures. Using an agent-based model, we explore one of the technology-based strategies proposed, a contact-tracing smartphone app. The model simulates the spread of COVID-19 in a population of agents on an urban scale. Agents are heterogeneous in their characteristics and are linked in a multi-layered network representing the social structure—including households, friendships, employment and schools. We explore the interplay of various adoption rates of the contact-tracing app, different levels of testing capacity, and behavioural factors to assess the impact on the epidemic. Results suggest that a contact tracing app can contribute substantially to reducing infection rates in the population when accompanied by a sufficient testing capacity or when the testing policy prioritises symptomatic cases. As user rate increases, prevalence of infection decreases. With that, when symptomatic cases are not prioritised for testing, a high rate of app users can generate an extensive increase in the demand for testing, which, if not met with adequate supply, may render the app counterproductive. This points to the crucial role of an efficient testing policy and the necessity to upscale testing capacity.

PERAN KAP DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM KAMPUS MERDEKA

account ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imanta Tarigan ◽  
Ali Masjono Muchtar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The Real ◽  
Result Show

PERAN KAP DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM KAMPUS MERDEKA Imanta Tarigan [email protected] [email protected] Joachim Poltak Lian & RekanAli Masjono [email protected] Jurusan akutansi PNJ ABSTRACTThis qualitative research base on KAP Joachim Poltak Lian & Rekan experiences inconducting internship program with PNJ. The objective of the article is identify of probability ofexpanding internship program with PNJ by not only KAP but also other type of industries and also to identify the role of KAP in supporting Kampus Merdeka Curriculum. The result show, KAP plays a dominant role in supporting internship program where KAP has already started the supporting many students to learn and experiencing the real world. The curriculum has already support the need of KAP therefore, this link is possible to be expanded. Keywords: KAP Joachim Poltak Lian & Rekan, Internship, Kampus Merdeka, Kurikulum ABSTRAKArtikel ini merupakan hasil kajian dari pengalaman KAP Joachim Poltak Lian & Rekan danPoliteknik Negeri Jakarta dalam menjalankan program magang bagi mahasiswa. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kemungkinan industri untuk berperan dalam implementasikurikulum kampus merdeka. Kajian ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatip, dimana dalam pengolahannya melibatkan pihak KAP, PNJ, mahasiswa yang terlibat program magang yang dilakukan dalam satu fokus group discussion. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai media dan sumber sumber resmi dari kementrian pendidikan dan kebudayaan dan diolah dengan menggunakan metode compare, contras dan sintesis. Hasilnya menyimpulkan bahwa kerja sama antara KAP dan PNJ telah mempelopori implementasi kurikulum kampus merdeka dan telah memberi manfaat bagi KAP, mahasiswa dan PNJ. Kata kunci: KAP Joachim Poltak Lian & Rekan, Internship, Kampus Merdeka, Currikulum

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Daejeon, South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Hwang ◽  
Jun-Sik Lim ◽  
Sun-Ah Song ◽  
Chiara Achangwa ◽  
Woobeom Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Abstract Background The delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is now the predominant variant worldwide. However, its transmission dynamics remain unclear. Methods We analyzed all case patients in local clusters and temporal patterns of viral shedding using contact tracing data from 405 cases associated with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 between 22 June and 31 July 2021 in Daejeon, South Korea. Results Overall, half of the cases were aged under 19 years, and 20% were asymptomatic at the time of epidemiological investigation. We estimated the mean serial interval as 3.26 days (95% credible interval 2.92, 3.60), and 12% of the transmission occurred before symptom onset of the infector. We identified six clustered outbreaks, and all were associated with indoor facilities. In 23 household contacts, the secondary attack rate was 63% (52/82). We estimated that 15% (95% confidence interval, 13–18%) of cases seeded 80% of all local transmission. Analysis of the nasopharyngeal swab samples identified virus shedding from asymptomatic patients, and the highest viral load was observed two days after symptom onset. The temporal pattern of viral shedding did not differ between children and adults (P = 0.48). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the delta variant is highly transmissible in indoor settings and households. Rapid contact tracing, isolation of the asymptomatic contacts, and strict adherence to public health measures are needed to mitigate the community transmission of the delta variant.

scholarly journals The role of indexical cues in the distributional learning of phonetic categories.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla L. Hudson Kam
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
The Real ◽  
Distributional Learning ◽  
Distributional Cues ◽  
Phonetic Categories

Theories of the distributional learning of phonetic categories assume that input provides reliable distributional cues for the categorization of speech sounds. In the real world, however, not all talkers produce exactly the same distributions of speech sounds, and the talker-dependent variation may undermine the reliability of the distributional cues. In this study, we investigated how learners might overcome talker-dependent variation. Specifically, we tested whether adults can learn two phonetic categories from input in which talker-dependent variation introduces potential ambiguities into the categorization of speech sounds. The results suggest that they can overcome this kind of ambiguity by using indexical information (i.e., the identity of talkers).

scholarly journals The Ethics of Regulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
David Antoni ◽  
Freddy Leal
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Regulatory Intervention

Regulations are often imposed in order to correct any failures in the market, whether the failure is a result of the functioning of a market or the behaviour of a government. However, every regulatory intervention br ings up a question: How ethical is the regulation? Even if a regulatory intervention could achieve more effici ency or more equity, it may not mean that it is ethi cal. The concept of ethics is ne cessarily subjective, it is based on the morals and standards of a society. Yet even though a society may be concerned about ethics, the issues of equity and altrui sm matter as does the way in which firms produce and seek to rationally an d efficiently maximize profit. Defining ethics is a difficul t issue, and defining ethical regu lation is even more difficult. Any form of regulation is a tool for interv ention used to balanc e the trade-off between efficiency and equity to create harmony between a market or economy and the society it functions within. In an ideal world, any go vernment intervention implemented would be for the greater benefit of all. However, this does not always happen in the vicissitudes of the real world when governments regulate an d intervene in markets, which are, in turn, based on the principle of rational self-interest and efficiency. In this paper we discuss the role of society in market regu lation. The discussion will focus on the importance of society on ethics and therefore on what constitutes ethical regulations. In fact we argue that equity, effi ciency or even failures are not the main factors to consider when regulating. It is society that defines ethics and how society understands ethics influences the regulatory environment

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Deliver Medical and Emergency Supplies to Remote Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Levi Henderson ◽  
Savern L. Reweti ◽  
Robyn Kamira
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Real World ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Community Impact ◽  
The Real ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

This chapter examines the role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the delivery of medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. It outlines a number of potential considerations for operators wishing to use UAVs to deliver medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. These considerations address a number of practicalities in terms of the organisation that is wishing to conduct such operations, the operations themselves, and the technology that is used for such operations. These considerations primarily stem from the nature of the international regulatory framework for unmanned aircraft operations and the peculiarities of using a UAV to deliver medical and emergency supplies. The chapter will outline some of the practicalities that have been worked through or are being worked through during a project to deliver medical and emergency supplies in Northland, New Zealand. This will provide readers with examples of some of the real-world considerations that operators face as well as outline the positive community impact that such operations can provide.

6. The components of slang

2016 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Jonathon Green
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Standard English ◽  
The Real

‘The components of slang’ outlines the forms and etymological roots of slang and considers how the terms are validated. Slang offers no forms unique to itself. It borrows much of its lexis from standard English and employs similar methods of constructing it. The simplest, and most popular use is in varieties of combining, whether as phrases, compounds, or derivatives. Slang offers many agglomerations and it seems that once a pattern is accepted, all suggested combinations are justifiable. The role of synonymity within slang could be seen as a means of avoiding the real world by conjuring up an infinity of parallel terms or better ways of burrowing deeper inside it.

Findings and Conclusion

2017 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
International Community ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
Humanitarian Operations ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Specific Country

This study has produced several insights into the pitfalls of intervening in the affairs of distressed nation states as well as providing a degree of specificity regarding latent variables that exist within the real world scenarios this study is based upon. While extremely simple in design, the agent based model utilized in this study proved to mirror the complex and fluid nature of complex humanitarian operations undertaken by the international community in troubled nations. The scenario utilized was based upon a specific country backdrop, Afghanistan, and utilized some case specifics of that operation to provide a reality based fidelity. The model itself however, is general in nature and can be readily adjusted to examine variables congruent with differing circumstances.

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